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Substance Use Harm Reduction

Testimony

Approaching the U.S. Opioid Crisis as an Ecosystem

Policymakers should think of the opioid crisis as an ecosystem and consider how its many parts interact—especially in unexpected ways. A broader view of the crisis will help those confronting it better prepare for the challenges ahead.

Dec 17, 2019
Report

Gender Differences in Response to Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review

If men and women respond differently to treatments for alcohol use disorder, this would be important to consider in treatment selection. The authors of this systematic review sought to synthesize evidence for gender differences in treatment effects.

Nov 6, 2019
Commentary

Synthetic Opioid Crisis Still Growing, Often Among Unwitting Users

Although opioid prescriptions in the U.S. have fallen, opioid overdose deaths remain at historic levels. The continued spread of fentanyl and other illicitly manufactured synthetic opioids suggests the problem could still get worse.

Oct 14, 2019
Research Brief

Understanding America's Surge in Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

Although overdose deaths from heroin and prescription opioids have declined, deaths involving synthetic opioids are on the rise. Much of the current wave of overdoses is linked to one synthetic opioid: fentanyl.

Oct 7, 2019
News Release

Viewing Tobacco 'Power Wall' Linked to Adolescents' Willingness to Try Vaping Products

Adolescents who view advertising for tobacco products on the tobacco “power wall” in convenience stores report being more willing to try vaping products in the future compared to peers who visited a store where the tobacco power wall was hidden.

Aug 6, 2018
Journal Article

Healthcare Provider Counseling to Quit Smoking and Patient Desire to Quit: The Role of Negative Smoking Outcome Expectancies

The time devoted to counseling patients about smoking should include assistance to quit, such as recommending a product, prescription or program, and incorporate techniques to elicit patients' expectations of smoking.

Jul 3, 2018
Journal Article

Tobacco Power Wall Exposure Increases Adolescents' Willingness to Try E-Cigarettes

Exposure to the tobacco “power wall” in convenience stores and other retail settings may increase adolescents' willingness to try e-cigarettes, much like other tobacco products.

Jun 28, 2018
Dissertation

Three Essays on Value in Health Care: Workplace Wellness Program Return on Investment, Effectiveness of Monetary Penalties for Tobacco Cessation Non-Participation, and Physician Perceptions of Their Use of Time and Appropriateness of Care Provided

This dissertation, in a three paper format, examines three policy levers for improving health care value.

Jun 12, 2018
Journal Article

Use of Protective Behavioral Strategies Among Young Adult Veteran Marijuana Users

Taking periodic breaks from marijuana use or avoiding using marijuana before work or school may be important protective strategies for young veterans who choose to use marijuana to cope with symptoms of PTSD.

Mar 20, 2018
Commentary

Can Vaping Help Smokers Quit? The Real Story from a Real Story

Evidence doesn't support using electronic cigarettes to quit smoking. In fact, doing so could even lead to reduced chances of quitting. Evidence does show that other options work, such as nicotine replacement patches or gum combined with counseling strategies.

Nov 16, 2017
Journal Article

A Qualitative Study of Smoking Cessation Experiences and Perceptions Among Homeless Young Adult

Up to 70% of homeless youth smoke, but there is little information available on their smoking cessation experiences and perceptions to guide cessation intervention efforts.

Oct 10, 2017
Journal Article

Zonnic®: A New Player in an Old Field

Zonnic marks the tobacco industry's entry into nicotine-replacement therapy products, which may warrant new research and policy priorities.

Sep 19, 2017
Journal Article

Does Self-Efficacy Causally Influence Initial Smoking Cessation? An Experimental Study

This study of the relation between self-efficacy -- belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals - and successful smoking cessation was unable to isolate a causal connection.

Jun 28, 2017
Journal Article

Desistance Mandates Compared with Treatment Mandates in Criminal Justice Populations

Empowering those under criminal justice supervision to cease drug use on their own - rather than forcing them into formal treatment against their will - is a policy approach that warrants further evaluation.

Jun 8, 2017
Journal Article

Correlates of Electronic Cigarettes Use Before and During Pregnancy

Women of reproductive age were more likely to use electronic cigarettes than smoking cessation aids to quit smoking, suggesting an urgent need to understand the potential risks and benefits of e-cigarette use in this population.

May 19, 2017
Journal Article

Feasibility and Pilot Efficacy of a Brief Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered by Vascular Surgeons in the Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial

Surgeons successfully delivered a brief smoking cessation intervention to patients preparing for peripheral artery disease surgery; initial results suggest the pre-surgery period may be a “teachable moment” for encouraging patients to quit smoking.

Feb 9, 2017
Report

Mindfulness Meditation for the Treatment of Tobacco Use: A Systematic Review

RAND researchers conducted a systematic review that synthesized evidence from trials of mindfulness meditation interventions to provide estimates of their efficacy and safety for treating tobacco use.

Jan 31, 2017
Journal Article

Efficacy of Mindfulness Meditation for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This review synthesizes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mindfulness meditation (MM) interventions for smoking cessation.

Jan 23, 2017
Journal Article

Pilot Evaluation of a Brief Intervention to Improve Nicotine Patch Adherence Among Smokers Living with HIV/AIDS

Smoking cessation programs that emphasize adherence to the nicotine patch may help more smokers quit.

Oct 27, 2016
Journal Article

Racial Differences in Cigarette Smoking Among Homeless Youth

Smoking prevention programs may benefit from incorporating a social network-based approach to help youth foster relationships with lower-risk peers; programs should also address other forms of substance use.

Jun 8, 2016

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