RAND Research Topic: Substance Use 2017-07-20T08:20:20Z Copyright (c) 2017, The RAND Corporation RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/topics/substance-use.html Conversations at RAND: A Sobering Look at the Opioid Epidemic RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/blog/2016/05/conversations-at-rand-a-sobering-look-at-the-opioid.html May 13, 2016 May 13, 2016 Opioid overdoses were the greatest cause of accidental death in America in 2014. A panel discussion at RAND addressed the epidemic, including societal attitudes toward pain and addiction, poor understanding of the mechanics of addiction itself, economic drivers, legal responses, and treatment approaches. Predicting Evidence-Based Treatment Sustainment Sarah B. Hunter; Bing Han; Mary Ellen Slaughter; Susan H Godley; Bryan R. Garner https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67231.html Jul 18, 2017 Jul 18, 2017 Providers' ability to sustain A-CRA programming beyond initial implementation support depended on factors such as the level of implementation success, staff perceptions toward the intervention, funding stability, and community support. Peer Victimization, Depressive Symptoms, and Substance Use Valerie A. Earnshaw; Marc N. Elliott; Sari L. Reisner; Sylvie Mrug; Michael Windle; Susan Tortolero Emery; Melissa F Peskin; Mark A. Schuster https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67222.html Jul 14, 2017 Jul 14, 2017 Youth who are victimized more frequently by peers in 5th grade are more likely to use alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco in the tenth grade. The Impact of Normative Perceptions on Alcohol Consumption in Military Veterans Heather Krieger; Eric R. Pedersen; Clayton Neighbors https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67219.html Jul 14, 2017 Jul 14, 2017 The attitudes of military personnel about drinking predict their future drinking behaviors and may be key to understanding the relationship between normative perceptions about drinking and drinking behaviors. Police Legitimacy and Disrupting Overt Drug Markets Jessica Saunders; Allison J. Ober; Dionne Barnes-Proby https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67205.html Jun 30, 2017 Jun 30, 2017 The study investigates mechanisms thought to support immediate and sustained change after a DMI by analyzing qualitative data collected in community focus groups conducted at three-, six-, and 15-months following a DMI across three different sites. Does Self-Efficacy Causally Influence Initial Smoking Cessation? William Shadel; Steven Martino; Claude Messan Setodji; Daniel Cervone; Katie Witkiewitz https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67201.html Jun 28, 2017 Jun 28, 2017 This study of the relation between self-efficacy -- belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals - and successful smoking cessation was unable to isolate a causal connection. Noncigarette Tobacco Advertising May Be Hazardous to a Teen's Health Rebecca L. Collins; Steven Martino https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67194.html Jun 14, 2017 Jun 14, 2017 Cigarette smoking contributes to nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the United States and myriad health problems. Impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) on Opioid Utilization Among Medicare Beneficiaries in 10 U.S. States Beth Ann Griffin; G. Caleb Alexander https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67191.html Jun 14, 2017 Jun 14, 2017 Implementation of a prescription drug monitoring program in 10 states was associated with a reduction in overall volume of opioid drugs prescribed. Overview of Drug Treatment for Drug-Abusing Criminal Offenders Beau Kilmer; Martin Y. Iguchi https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67190.html Jun 13, 2017 Jun 13, 2017 California's Proposition 36 and Arizona's Proposition 200 allowed some drug-abusing criminal offenders to enter drug treatment instead of being incarcerated. This policy brief provides early results of the two programs. States vs. the Federal Government: Marijuana Legalization in the United States RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/congress/activities/2017/06/09.html Jun 9, 2017 Jun 9, 2017 As the marijuana policy landscape continues to change from state to state, the substance remains illegal under federal law. How can action abroad help inform policy in the United States, and what are Congress' options? States vs. the Federal Government: Marijuana Legalization in the United States RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/multimedia/video/2017/06/09/states-vs-the-federal-government.html Jun 9, 2017 Jun 9, 2017 In this June 9th, 2017 congressional briefing, Beau Kilmer, codirector of the RAND Drug Policy Research Center, provides an overview of recent changes in marijuana policies as well as options for the federal government. Desistance Mandates Compared with Treatment Mandates in Criminal Justice Populations Mark A. R. Kleiman; Beau Kilmer; Angela Hawken https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67186.html Jun 8, 2017 Jun 8, 2017 Empowering those under criminal justice supervision to cease drug use on their own - rather than forcing them into formal treatment against their will - is a policy approach that warrants further evaluation. Sources of Care for Alcohol and Other Drug Problems Eunice C. Wong; Kathryn Pitkin Derose; Jeremy N. V. Miles https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67176.html Jun 6, 2017 Jun 6, 2017 Many Los Angeles-area African American churches provide recovery supports and services for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and actively connect individuals to formal AOD treatment. Relationship Between Provider Stigma and Predictors of Staff Turnover Among Addiction Treatment Providers Magdalena Kulesza; Sarah B. Hunter; Amy L. Shearer; Marika Booth https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67177.html Jun 6, 2017 Jun 6, 2017 Addiction treatment providers are less likely to be satisfied with their work if they hold negative views towards patients with substance abuse disorders. Using a "Positive Deviance" Framework to Discover Adaptive Risk Reduction Behaviors Among High-Risk HIV Negative Black Men Who Have Sex with Men Allison J. Ober; Derek Dangerfield; Steven Shoptaw; Gery W. Ryan; Brian Dale Stucky https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67173.html Jun 6, 2017 Jun 6, 2017 Some young black men who have sex with men, otherwise at high risk for HIV infection due to drug use and other behaviors, make strategic decisions that help keep them HIV negative. RAND Expert to Speak Before Congress on Marijuana Legalization Across the United States RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/news/advisories/2017/06/06.html Jun 6, 2017 Jun 6, 2017 Beau Kilmer, RAND senior policy researcher and co-director, RAND Drug Policy Research Center, will brief Congress about “Marijuana Legalization 2017: Understanding the International Policy Landscape and Design Considerations.&rquo; Medical Marijuana and Marijuana Legalization Rosalie Liccardo Pacula; Rosanna Smart https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67168.html May 31, 2017 May 31, 2017 State actions to relax marijuana policies vary substantially, making it difficult to compare policies and draw conclusions about user and market reactions. Reaching Concerned Partners of Heavy Drinking Service Members and Veterans Through Facebook Eric R. Pedersen; Karen Chan Osilla; Eric D. Helmuth; Kristie Gore; Anagha Alka Tolpadi https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67161.html May 30, 2017 May 30, 2017 Facebook may be a viable and cost-effective strategy for reaching military spouses who are concerned about their partner's drinking. Mid-Term Assessment of the EU Drugs Strategy 2013-2020 and Final Evaluation of the Action Plan on Drugs 2013-2016 Emilie Balbirnie; Matthew Davies; Emma Disley; Cristina Gonzalez Monsalve; Stephen Hartka; Stijn Hoorens; Kristy Kruithof; Martin Sacher; Jirka Taylor https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1823.html May 24, 2017 May 24, 2017 The report sets out the findings of an evaluation that assesses the degree of implementation of the EU Drugs Strategy 2013-2020 and the Action Plan 2013-2016 in all 28 EU Member States in terms of outputs and, where possible, impacts. Early Impacts of Marijuana Legalization Priscillia Hunt; Rosalie Liccardo Pacula https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP67152.html May 23, 2017 May 23, 2017 Analysis of marijuana price data in Colorado and Washington suggests that short-term evaluations of legalization's effects on marijuana consumption are not necessarily indicative of long-term effects.