Existing civil liability law is flexible enough to address most hacked autonomous vehicle claims. Manufacturers and operators will need to stay abreast of attacks and take precautions to avoid similar attacks and reduce liability exposure.
Researchers developed a framework for outcome measurement, focused on 'intermediate' measures associated with reductions in reoffending, to be adopted by organisations delivering mentoring and arts interventions to adult offenders.
The diffusion of video technology means that law enforcement will increasingly have streaming video feeds from in-car and body-worn cameras that may be monitored to help protect the safety of officers and bystanders. This report examines the potential of such technologies while weighing the challenges they pose, the innovation that they need to be ideally developed and implemented, and the civil liberties protections required by their use.
RAND Europe was commissioned to undertake a study into violence and disorder at major international sporting events. This study gathers and critically assesses the available evidence into the prevalence, nature and causes of violence and disorder at other major sporting events, and to draw on promising practices to prevent and respond to these harms.
This case study gathers and critically assesses the available evidence on violent and antisocial behaviour at football events in the MENA region, as well as strategies to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these behaviours.
This case study focuses on: 1) The relationship between alcohol consumption and problem behaviours. 2) Fans' preferences and expectations regarding alcohol at international football events. 3) International approaches to managing the sale and consumption of alcohol at football events. 4) The effectiveness and fans' perception of these approaches.
This case study examines the available evidence on violent and antisocial behaviour during the 2018 World Cup; effectiveness of policing tactics deployed during the tournament; intelligence-sharing and international cooperation between law enforcement agencies; sale and consumption of alcohol; and the facilitation of positive crowd behaviour through event organisation.
This case study explores the potential for crowd behaviour modelling to inform crowd management strategies to minimise the risk of violent or antisocial behaviour taking place during the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, and to reduce harm if it does take place.
This case study explores the factors that may have contributed to the different outcomes in crowd behaviour and public safety witnessed in Marseille and Lille during the 2016 UEFA European Championship. These factors include differences in policing strategies, stadium security, contextual differences, and the application of different regulatory frameworks regarding the sale and consumption of alcohol.
This case study seeks to examine the role of volunteers in the successful delivery of major sporting events, with a particular focus on their contribution towards maintaining public safety and facilitating positive fan behaviours. We also explore some of the key motivators for volunteers, which organisers should take note of and respond to in order to ensure that volunteers stay engaged over the course of an event.
Research shows adolescent and adult males are more likely to engage in violence than females are. This study examines the prevalence of and variation in sex differences in physical aggression among adolescents in 63 low- and middle-income countries.
This document provides an overview of data collection methods and evaluation designs suitable for evaluating interventions and programmes designed to prevent and counter violent extremism and radicalisation. This document also provides a comprehensive discussion on ethical considerations in PCVE evaluation more broadly, as well as in the application of specific evaluation methods.
This report presents the results of a study investigating how evaluations of counterterrorism (CT) and preventing and countering violent extremism (PCVE) policies were designed and conducted over the last five years and what practical lessons can be drawn from these. The study encompassed a set of interconnected research tasks, including the production of an inventory of CT and PCVE evaluations and of an ad-hoc analytical framework.
A summary of the main findings and implications of the first empirical study investigating the scale and scope of arms trafficking on the dark web, illustrating the range of weapons traded, their market price and most common transit routes.
California's Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act provides funds for counties to offer evidence-based programs for high-need juvenile probationers and at-risk youths. This report evaluates the program on statewide and county measures. It also compares system costs for program youths in the six months before and after entering a program.
This report presents the findings of a study on the types of violent and antisocial behaviour that may take place at football matches, and the factors that are associated with such behaviour. The report has been prepared to inform preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but is intended to be of interest to practitioners, policy-makers, academics and people interested in the field of sport spectator safety
This report presents the findings of a study on approaches that have been taken to prevent and respond to antisocial and violent behaviours among football fans, and the extent to which these approaches proved effective. The report has been prepared to inform preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but is intended to be of interest to practitioners, policy-makers, academics and people interested in the field of sport spectator safety.
This report describes the proceedings of an April 2017 expert workshop on the use of social media and social network analysis in law enforcement. Workshop participants identified high-priority needs for law enforcement's use of these types of analysis, articulated business cases for employing them in law enforcement, and specified a framework for providing relevant computer security, privacy, and civil rights protections.
This research project explored how foundations approach funding public safety projects, focusing on two counties (Phillips County, Arkansas, and Coahoma County, Mississippi) in the Mississippi Delta. We conducted a needs assessment of the affected communities, identified and reviewed evidence-based strategies for addressing community problems, and provided a roadmap for developing a comprehensive public safety strategy for these counties.
The evidence suggests that school-based interventions are effective at reducing school exclusion immediately after, and for a few months after, the intervention.
Cybersecurity has risen to become a prominent issue of national and global security for governments and international organisations worldwide. A focus on cybersecurity looks at the issues and details RAND Europe's expertise and work in the area.
Supplementing local police forces with surveillance agents is a growing industry, but is lacking evidence to support it. This study tested the effect of utilising private security agents in train stations across the south west of England.
The Rialto Police Department was the first police department in the world to participate in a randomized controlled trial of police body-worn cameras. This study reports on results from a three-year post-experimental follow-up from this trial.
Scholars have applied self-awareness theory to explain why body-worn cameras (BWCs) affect encounters between the public and police. This report considers the paradoxical effects of BWCs in the context of assaults on officers.
Despite more forces adopting body-worn cameras (BWCs), there have been few studies into this topic. This study reviews the published literature on BWCs in policing, specifically in the context of how BWCs effect both citizens and officers.
