Police Officers, Stigma, and the Opioid Epidemic October 28, 2020
The goal of this exploratory project is to help fill gaps in the literature by empirically measuring levels of explicit provider-based stigma toward persons who use opioids.
Publications on Drug Abuse and Drug Policy
2020
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Changes in Adult Alcohol Use and Consequences During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US October 16, 2020
A national longitudinal survey of 1,540 adults ages 30-80 in 2019 and 2020 shows that people drank more frequently, and for women in particular, more heavily and with more negative consequences, during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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A Mixed-Method Comparison of Physician-Reported Beliefs About and Barriers to Treatment with Medications for Opioid Use Disorder October 13, 2020
We conducted a mixed-methods study that involved focus group interviews and an online survey disseminated to a random group of licensed U.S. physicians, which oversampled physicians with a preexisting waiver to prescribe buprenorphine.
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Tobacco/nicotine and Marijuana Co-Use Motives in Young Adults: Associations with Substance Use Behaviors One Year Later September 22, 2020
We conducted an analysis on 342 young adults with past-year co-administration of tobacco/nicotine and marijuana to determine how emergent classes of 16 co-use motives were associated with use of tobacco/nicotine and marijuana one year later.
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Health Center Implementation of Telemedicine for Opioid Use Disorders: A Qualitative Assessment of Adopters and Nonadopters September 18, 2020
Although use of telemedicine for the treatment of opioid use disorders is growing, there is limited research on how it is actually being deployed in treatment. We explored how health centers across the U.S. are using it.
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Study Design to Evaluate a Group-based Therapy for Support Persons of Adults on Buprenorphine/Naloxone September 18, 2020
This study will evaluate whether the adapted intervention, also known as integrating support persons into recovery, is effective in increasing patient retention on buprenorphine when compared to usual care.
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The Dawn of a New Synthetic Opioid Era: The Need for Innovative Interventions September 17, 2020
This paper stems from recent research into understanding the past, present and possible futures of synthetic opioids in North America and beyond.
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Oil Spill Disruption and Problem Drinking: Assessing the Impact of Religious Context Among Gulf Coast Residents September 16, 2020
This study employs multilevel analysis to examine the impact of religious context on alcohol misuse among individuals impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.
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The Law Enforcement Response to Homelessness: Identifying High-Priority Needs to Improve Law Enforcement Strategies for Addressing Homelessness August 25, 2020
Police often are the first (and sometimes the only) point of government contact for persons experiencing homelessness (PEH). Police responses have shifted to approaches designed to foster positive relationships with PEH, help assess the individual needs of each person or area, and guide homeless or unsheltered individuals to the services they require. A panel of experts identified ways to address related challenges.
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Would Law Enforcement Leaders Support Defunding the Police? Probably — If Communities Ask Police to Solve Fewer Problems August 20, 2020
Police have expressed frustration with being expected to handle complex social problems, such as homelessness and substance use, that could be solved using nonenforcement strategies. In this Perspective, the authors describe police perspectives on defunding the police — i.e., budgeting less money for police and more for other public safety strategies — and explain why revisiting law enforcement's role in society could have broad appeal.
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The Public Health Value of Opioid Litigation July 31, 2020
This article proceeds in three parts: discussions of the general goals and role of public health tort litigation, the demonstrated and potential value of opioid litigation to achieve public health goals, and a conclusion.
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Systematic Review of the Emerging Literature on the Effectiveness of Naloxone Access Laws in the United States July 28, 2020
The existing literature on naloxone access laws in the United States supports beneficial effects for increased naloxone distribution, but provides inconclusive evidence for reduced fatal opioid overdose.
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Adoption of Telemedicine Services by Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in the U.S. July 28, 2020
Telemedicine for treating Substance use disorder (SUD) use is growing steadily among treatment facilities; however, uptake is uneven and relatively low. As such, telemedicine may be an under-utilized tool to expand access to care for patients with SUD.
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Substance Use Disparities at the Intersection of Sexual Identity and Race/Ethnicity: Results from the 2015–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health July 17, 2020
Disparities were most pronounced among racial/ethnic minority LGB women, which may reflect their unique experiences of discrimination at the intersection of multiple minority identities. However, racial/ethnic minority gay and bisexual men were not at elevated risk relative to their White counterparts.
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Variation in the Degree of Concentration of Prescription Opioid Utilization Using Different Measures June 26, 2020
A small share of prescription opioid users account for a large percent of total prescription opioid use.
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How Increasing Medical Access to Opioids Contributes to the Opioid Epidemic: Evidence from Medicare Part D June 26, 2020
The national growth in opioid supply explains 75% of the national rise in opioid treatment admissions and the diversion component is a critical driver of the opioid epidemic.
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Consensus Guidelines and State Policies: The Gap Between Principle and Practice at the Intersection of Substance Use and Pregnancy June 3, 2020
We review the change over time in state-level policy environments around substance use in pregnancy and contrast the policy response with the principles and guidance from professional societies and federal agencies.
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Treating Patients With Opioid Use Disorder in Their Homes: An Emerging Treatment Model May 29, 2020
Treating OUD in the home via telehealth is expanding under COVID, but it is not clear what will happen post pandemic.
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Incidence and Treatment Costs of Severe Bacterial Infections Among People Who Inject Heroin: A Cohort Study in South London, England May 19, 2020
A study examined the rates of hospitalisation or death related to severe bacteria infections among people who inject heroin in South London, England. The report compared these rates to the general population and calculated the cost of admissions.
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Practical Factors Determining Adolescent Substance Use Treatment Settings: Results from Four Online Stakeholder Panels May 12, 2020
This study aimed to identify practical factors that stakeholders find most critical to consider when planning adolescent substance use treatment.
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Criminal Deterrence: Evidence From an Individual-Level Analysis of 24/7 Sobriety May 7, 2020
This paper provides policymakers with evidence for a new approach to reduce criminal activity among those whose alcohol use leads them to repeatedly threaten public health and safety.
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A Natural Experiment to Test the Effect of Sanction Certainty and Celerity on Substance-Impaired Driving: North Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Program May 7, 2020
Over half of participants ordered to abstain from substance use complete 24/7 Sobriety without a detected substance use event. At the county level, the program is associated with a 9% reduction in substance-impaired driving arrests.
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Still HOPEful: Reconsidering a "Failed" Replication of a Swift, Certain, and Fair Approach to Reducing Substance Use Among Individuals Under Criminal Justice Supervision May 7, 2020
Combined with other studies of “swift-certain-fair”-style interventions, the HOPE replication further strengthens the conclusion that these methods reduce substance use among people under criminal justice supervision.
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Countering Drug-Impaired Driving: Addressing the Complexities of Gathering and Presenting Evidence in Drug-Impaired Driving Cases May 7, 2020
Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a serious and growing threat to public safety. Addressing DUID cases involves various challenges, including identifying and characterizing impairment and presenting complex evidence in court. A panel of experts from law enforcement, forensic toxicology, the research community, and government agencies discussed the challenges related to DUID cases and identified ways to overcome these obstacles.
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Association of Medicare Part D Benzodiazepine Coverage Expansion With Changes in Fall-Related Injuries and Overdoses Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries May 5, 2020
This study found an increase in the rate of overdose after Medicare Part D coverage began to include benzodiazepines among adults aged 65 to 69 years and 80 years or older and an increase in the rate of fall-related injury in adults 80 years or older.