Publications on Law Enforcement

2020

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  Fostering Innovation Across the U.S. Criminal Justice System: Identifying Opportunities to Improve Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Fairness March 23, 2020

  Brian A. Jackson, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Kristin J. Leuschner, Dulani Woods, John S. Hollywood, Duren Banks, Sean E. Goodison, Joe Russo, Shoshana R. Shelton

  In this report, the authors focus on common needs that apply to all three sections of the justice system: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections agencies. Starting with the deep pool of feedback and input collected from the practitioner community across the five-year Priority Criminal Justice Needs Initiative project, the authors abstracted insights about innovation needs for the justice system as a whole.

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  A Database of Criminal Justice Needs for Innovation: Requirements for Developers and Funders: User Guide March 5, 2020

  John S. Hollywood, Brian A. Jackson, Annie Brothers, Mark Barrett, Dulani Woods, Michael J. D. Vermeer

  The RAND Corporation and partners are carrying out a research effort to assess and prioritize technology needs across the criminal justice community. Since 2015, the Priority Criminal Justice Needs Initiative has published more than 20 reports identifying and prioritizing criminal justice needs for innovation. This product provides a database of all of the needs generated during the first five years of the Initiative.

2019

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  Real-Time Crime Centers in Chicago: Evaluation of the Chicago Police Department's Strategic Decision Support Centers December 3, 2019

  John S. Hollywood, Kenneth N. McKay, Dulani Woods, Denis Agniel

  The Chicago Police Department's Strategic Decision Support Centers (SDSCs) serve as command, control, and communications hubs for staff to gain awareness of what is happening in their districts and decide on responses. In this report, the authors evaluate the processes, organizational structures, and technologies employed in the SDSCs. They also assess the extent to which the introduction of SDSCs was associated with reductions in crime levels.

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  Identifying Law Enforcement Needs for Conducting Criminal Investigations Involving Evidence on the Dark Web October 29, 2019

  Sean E. Goodison, Dulani Woods, Jeremy D. Barnum, Adam R. Kemerer, Brian A. Jackson

  With the advent of the dark web, criminals can conduct their activities in ways that are difficult for law enforcement to discover, monitor, and investigate. This report describes the findings of an expert workshop of federal, state, and local law enforcement practitioners and researchers who explored how law enforcement agencies should conduct criminal investigations while dealing with evidence on the dark web.

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  Leveraging Technology to Enhance Community Supervision: Identifying Needs to Address Current and Emerging Concerns October 28, 2019

  Joe Russo, Dulani Woods, George B. Drake, Brian A. Jackson

  An expert workshop of correctional administrators and researchers explored how technology can be used to address key challenges faced by community corrections agencies. Participants recommended developing best practices for leveraging technology to improve officer safety, improve officer competencies, facilitate positive offender behaviors, hold offenders accountable, and improve agencies' operational effectiveness.

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  Changing the Narrative: Police-Community Partnerships and Racial Reconciliation September 20, 2019

  Jessica Saunders, Beau Kilmer

  This paper assesses community perceptions of crime and the police before and after the implementation of an intervention aimed at eliminating overt drug markets through focused deterrence and police-community partnerships emphasizing racial reconciliation.

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  Law Enforcement Efforts to Fight the Opioid Crisis: Convening Police Leaders, Multidisciplinary Partners, and Researchers to Identify Promising Practices and to Inform a Research Agenda September 6, 2019

  Sean E. Goodison, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Jeremy D. Barnum, Dulani Woods, Brian A. Jackson

  An expert panel of law enforcement leaders identified promising efforts to combat the opioid crisis, including connecting people with opioid use disorder to medication-assisted treatment; building lasting partnerships to achieve community buy-in, enable information sharing, and effectively tackle challenges; and addressing community and other stakeholder concerns before high-priority harm-reduction approaches can be pursued.

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  Forensic Familial and Moderate Stringency DNA Searches: Policies and Practices in the United States, England, and Wales August 12, 2019

  Tepring Piquado, Carl F. Matthies, Lucy Strang, James M. Anderson

  Forensic DNA databases help solve crimes after the investigative trail has gone cold. Familial DNA and moderate stringency searches are logical extensions in cases where there is no exact DNA match, but these methods are not widely used. The authors present evidence from current practices in the United States, England, and Wales to support policymakers as they make decisions on the use and effects of familial and moderate stringency search.

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  Fostering Innovation to Respond to Top Challenges in Law Enforcement: Proceedings of the National Institute of Justice's 2018 Chiefs' Panel on Priority Law Enforcement Issues and Needs July 22, 2019

  John S. Hollywood, Sean E. Goodison, Dulani Woods, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Brian A. Jackson

  An expert panel of law enforcement leaders identified challenges facing law enforcement today; their priorities are presented in this report. Panel members reported feeling that the challenges were tractable but that addressing them will take concerted and collective effort across the criminal justice community, including stakeholders from local communities, social service providers, vendors, and researchers.

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  Managing the Seriously Mentally Ill in Corrections April 2, 2019

  John S. Shaffer, Joe Russo, Dulani Woods, Brian A. Jackson

  Some jurisdictions are making great strides with respect to how the criminal justice system deals with individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), but significant challenges and opportunities remain. This report presents the results of an expert workshop convened to identify the needs associated with how individuals with SMI become justice-involved and how to achieve better outcomes before and after they come under correctional control.

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  An Examination of Recruiting and Selection Practices to Promote Diversity for Colorado State Troopers February 28, 2019

  Tracy C. Krueger, Sean Robson, Kirsten M. Keller

  The Colorado State Patrol (CSP) seeks to better reflect the demographic representation of the state of Colorado. This report offers an exploratory examination of how CSP's recruiting and selection policies and procedures relate to that objective. The authors identified potential barriers to diversity in CSP's early career stages and provide recommendations to mitigate and remove these barriers.

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  What Is the Impact of NYPD's Neighborhood Policing? February 6, 2019

  In 2018, RAND researchers began an evaluation to assess the effects of the New York City Police Department's Neighborhood Policing philosophy on public safety and the public's trust in police. The results of this work will be available in 2021.

2018

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  Estimates of Law Enforcement Costs by Crime Type for Benefit-Cost Analyses April 19, 2019

  Priscillia Hunt, Jessica Saunders, Beau Kilmer

  This paper generates state-level, crime-specific, average variable cost estimates for crime-response services conducted by police by crime type.

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  Using Video Analytics and Sensor Fusion in Law Enforcement: Building a Research Agenda That Includes Business Cases, Privacy and Civil Rights Protections, and Needs for Innovation December 28, 2018

  John S. Hollywood, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Sean E. Goodison, Brian A. Jackson

  The diffusion of video technology means that law enforcement will increasingly have streaming video feeds from in-car and body-worn cameras that may be monitored to help protect the safety of officers and bystanders. This report examines the potential of such technologies while weighing the challenges they pose, the innovation that they need to be ideally developed and implemented, and the civil liberties protections required by their use.

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  Preventing Treatment Spillover Contamination in Criminological Field Experiments: The Case of Body-Worn Police Cameras December 27, 2018

  Barak Ariel, Alex Sutherland, Lawrence W. Sherman

  An examination of a body worn cameras test that was in violation of a valid experiment. The study demonstrates a clear line beyond which spillover of treatment renders experimental results misleading.

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  Violent and antisocial behaviour at football matches in the Middle East and North Africa: Scoping the evidence December 11, 2018

  Madeline Nightingale, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley, Mohyi Maziad

  This case study gathers and critically assesses the available evidence on violent and antisocial behaviour at football events in the MENA region, as well as strategies to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these behaviours.

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  How can crowd behaviour modelling be used to prevent and respond to violence and antisocial behaviour at Qatar 2022? December 11, 2018

  Julian Glenesk, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  This case study explores the potential for crowd behaviour modelling to inform crowd management strategies to minimise the risk of violent or antisocial behaviour taking place during the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, and to reduce harm if it does take place.

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  Violent and antisocial behaviour at football events and strategies to prevent and respond to these behaviours: Final synthesis report December 11, 2018

  Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  RAND Europe was commissioned to undertake a study into violence and disorder at major international sporting events. This study gathers and critically assesses the available evidence into the prevalence, nature and causes of violence and disorder at other major sporting events, and to draw on promising practices to prevent and respond to these harms.

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  Alcohol and international football tournaments December 11, 2018

  Jirka Taylor, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  This case study focuses on: 1) The relationship between alcohol consumption and problem behaviours. 2) Fans' preferences and expectations regarding alcohol at international football events. 3) International approaches to managing the sale and consumption of alcohol at football events. 4) The effectiveness and fans' perception of these approaches.

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  Early reflections on the approach to preventing and responding to violent and antisocial behavior at the 2018 World Cup in Russia December 11, 2018

  Jirka Taylor, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  This case study examines the available evidence on violent and antisocial behaviour during the 2018 World Cup; effectiveness of policing tactics deployed during the tournament; intelligence-sharing and international cooperation between law enforcement agencies; sale and consumption of alcohol; and the facilitation of positive crowd behaviour through event organisation.

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  What factors contributed to the different levels of disorder witnessed in Marseille and Lille during the Euros 2016 UEFA European Championship? December 11, 2018

  Lucy Strang

  This case study explores the factors that may have contributed to the different outcomes in crowd behaviour and public safety witnessed in Marseille and Lille during the 2016 UEFA European Championship. These factors include differences in policing strategies, stadium security, contextual differences, and the application of different regulatory frameworks regarding the sale and consumption of alcohol.

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  Violent and Antisocial Behaviours at Football Events and Factors Associated with these Behaviours: A rapid evidence assessment July 23, 2018

  Lucy Strang, Garrett Baker, Jack Pollard, Joanna Hofman

  This report presents the findings of a study on the types of violent and antisocial behaviour that may take place at football matches, and the factors that are associated with such behaviour. The report has been prepared to inform preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but is intended to be of interest to practitioners, policy-makers, academics and people interested in the field of sport spectator safety

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  Violent and Antisocial Behaviour at Football Events: Review of interventions July 23, 2018

  Jirka Taylor, Sara-Laure Faraji, Sashka Dimova, Alex Sutherland, Lucy Strang

  This report presents the findings of a study on approaches that have been taken to prevent and respond to antisocial and violent behaviours among football fans, and the extent to which these approaches proved effective. The report has been prepared to inform preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but is intended to be of interest to practitioners, policy-makers, academics and people interested in the field of sport spectator safety.

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  Using Social Media and Social Network Analysis in Law Enforcement: Creating a Research Agenda, Including Business Cases, Protections, and Technology Needs July 18, 2018

  John S. Hollywood, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Sean E. Goodison, Brian A. Jackson

  This report describes the proceedings of an April 2017 expert workshop on the use of social media and social network analysis in law enforcement. Workshop participants identified high-priority needs for law enforcement's use of these types of analysis, articulated business cases for employing them in law enforcement, and specified a framework for providing relevant computer security, privacy, and civil rights protections.

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  Leveraging Research and Philanthropy to Reduce Crime and Violence in the Mississippi Delta June 29, 2018

  Jessica Saunders, Dionne Barnes-Proby, Samuel Peterson

  This research project explored how foundations approach funding public safety projects, focusing on two counties (Phillips County, Arkansas, and Coahoma County, Mississippi) in the Mississippi Delta. We conducted a needs assessment of the affected communities, identified and reviewed evidence-based strategies for addressing community problems, and provided a roadmap for developing a comprehensive public safety strategy for these counties.

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