Publications on Law Enforcement

2019

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  Fostering Innovation to Respond to Top Challenges in Law Enforcement: Proceedings of the National Institute of Justice's 2018 Chiefs' Panel on Priority Law Enforcement Issues and Needs July 22, 2019

  John S. Hollywood, Sean E. Goodison, Dulani Woods, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Brian A. Jackson

  An expert panel of law enforcement leaders identified challenges facing law enforcement today; their priorities are presented in this report. Panel members reported feeling that the challenges were tractable but that addressing them will take concerted and collective effort across the criminal justice community, including stakeholders from local communities, social service providers, vendors, and researchers.

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  Managing the Seriously Mentally Ill in Corrections April 2, 2019

  John S. Shaffer, Joe Russo, Dulani Woods, Brian A. Jackson

  Some jurisdictions are making great strides with respect to how the criminal justice system deals with individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), but significant challenges and opportunities remain. This report presents the results of an expert workshop convened to identify the needs associated with how individuals with SMI become justice-involved and how to achieve better outcomes before and after they come under correctional control.

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  An Examination of Recruiting and Selection Practices to Promote Diversity for Colorado State Troopers February 28, 2019

  Tracy C. Krueger, Sean Robson, Kirsten M. Keller

  The Colorado State Patrol (CSP) seeks to better reflect the demographic representation of the state of Colorado. This report offers an exploratory examination of how CSP's recruiting and selection policies and procedures relate to that objective. The authors identified potential barriers to diversity in CSP's early career stages and provide recommendations to mitigate and remove these barriers.

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  What Is the Impact of NYPD's Neighborhood Policing? February 6, 2019

  In 2018, RAND researchers began an evaluation to assess the effects of the New York City Police Department's Neighborhood Policing philosophy on public safety and the public's trust in police. The results of this work will be available in 2021.

2018

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  Estimates of Law Enforcement Costs by Crime Type for Benefit-Cost Analyses April 19, 2019

  Priscillia Hunt, Jessica Saunders, Beau Kilmer

  This paper generates state-level, crime-specific, average variable cost estimates for crime-response services conducted by police by crime type.

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  Using Video Analytics and Sensor Fusion in Law Enforcement: Building a Research Agenda That Includes Business Cases, Privacy and Civil Rights Protections, and Needs for Innovation December 28, 2018

  John S. Hollywood, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Sean E. Goodison, Brian A. Jackson

  The diffusion of video technology means that law enforcement will increasingly have streaming video feeds from in-car and body-worn cameras that may be monitored to help protect the safety of officers and bystanders. This report examines the potential of such technologies while weighing the challenges they pose, the innovation that they need to be ideally developed and implemented, and the civil liberties protections required by their use.

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  Preventing Treatment Spillover Contamination in Criminological Field Experiments: The Case of Body-Worn Police Cameras December 27, 2018

  Barak Ariel, Alex Sutherland, Lawrence W. Sherman

  An examination of a body worn cameras test that was in violation of a valid experiment. The study demonstrates a clear line beyond which spillover of treatment renders experimental results misleading.

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  Violent and antisocial behaviour at football events and strategies to prevent and respond to these behaviours: Final synthesis report December 11, 2018

  Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  RAND Europe was commissioned to undertake a study into violence and disorder at major international sporting events. This study gathers and critically assesses the available evidence into the prevalence, nature and causes of violence and disorder at other major sporting events, and to draw on promising practices to prevent and respond to these harms.

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  Violent and antisocial behaviour at football matches in the Middle East and North Africa: Scoping the evidence December 11, 2018

  Madeline Nightingale, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley, Mohyi Maziad

  This case study gathers and critically assesses the available evidence on violent and antisocial behaviour at football events in the MENA region, as well as strategies to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these behaviours.

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  Alcohol and international football tournaments December 11, 2018

  Jirka Taylor, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  This case study focuses on: 1) The relationship between alcohol consumption and problem behaviours. 2) Fans' preferences and expectations regarding alcohol at international football events. 3) International approaches to managing the sale and consumption of alcohol at football events. 4) The effectiveness and fans' perception of these approaches.

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  Early reflections on the approach to preventing and responding to violent and antisocial behavior at the 2018 World Cup in Russia December 11, 2018

  Jirka Taylor, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  This case study examines the available evidence on violent and antisocial behaviour during the 2018 World Cup; effectiveness of policing tactics deployed during the tournament; intelligence-sharing and international cooperation between law enforcement agencies; sale and consumption of alcohol; and the facilitation of positive crowd behaviour through event organisation.

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  How can crowd behaviour modelling be used to prevent and respond to violence and antisocial behaviour at Qatar 2022? December 11, 2018

  Julian Glenesk, Lucy Strang, Emma Disley

  This case study explores the potential for crowd behaviour modelling to inform crowd management strategies to minimise the risk of violent or antisocial behaviour taking place during the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, and to reduce harm if it does take place.

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  What factors contributed to the different levels of disorder witnessed in Marseille and Lille during the Euros 2016 UEFA European Championship? December 11, 2018

  Lucy Strang

  This case study explores the factors that may have contributed to the different outcomes in crowd behaviour and public safety witnessed in Marseille and Lille during the 2016 UEFA European Championship. These factors include differences in policing strategies, stadium security, contextual differences, and the application of different regulatory frameworks regarding the sale and consumption of alcohol.

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  Violent and Antisocial Behaviours at Football Events and Factors Associated with these Behaviours: A rapid evidence assessment July 23, 2018

  Lucy Strang, Garrett Baker, Jack Pollard, Joanna Hofman

  This report presents the findings of a study on the types of violent and antisocial behaviour that may take place at football matches, and the factors that are associated with such behaviour. The report has been prepared to inform preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but is intended to be of interest to practitioners, policy-makers, academics and people interested in the field of sport spectator safety

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  Violent and Antisocial Behaviour at Football Events: Review of interventions July 23, 2018

  Jirka Taylor, Sara-Laure Faraji, Sashka Dimova, Alex Sutherland, Lucy Strang

  This report presents the findings of a study on approaches that have been taken to prevent and respond to antisocial and violent behaviours among football fans, and the extent to which these approaches proved effective. The report has been prepared to inform preparations for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but is intended to be of interest to practitioners, policy-makers, academics and people interested in the field of sport spectator safety.

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  Using Social Media and Social Network Analysis in Law Enforcement: Creating a Research Agenda, Including Business Cases, Protections, and Technology Needs July 18, 2018

  John S. Hollywood, Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Sean E. Goodison, Brian A. Jackson

  This report describes the proceedings of an April 2017 expert workshop on the use of social media and social network analysis in law enforcement. Workshop participants identified high-priority needs for law enforcement's use of these types of analysis, articulated business cases for employing them in law enforcement, and specified a framework for providing relevant computer security, privacy, and civil rights protections.

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  Leveraging Research and Philanthropy to Reduce Crime and Violence in the Mississippi Delta June 29, 2018

  Jessica Saunders, Dionne Barnes-Proby, Samuel Peterson

  This research project explored how foundations approach funding public safety projects, focusing on two counties (Phillips County, Arkansas, and Coahoma County, Mississippi) in the Mississippi Delta. We conducted a needs assessment of the affected communities, identified and reviewed evidence-based strategies for addressing community problems, and provided a roadmap for developing a comprehensive public safety strategy for these counties.

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  Identifying Law Enforcement Needs for Access to Digital Evidence in Remote Data Centers April 23, 2018

  Michael J. D. Vermeer, Dulani Woods, Brian A. Jackson

  Law enforcement increasingly needs to have access to data residing in remote data centers, and investigators face multiple barriers in this process. Researchers discuss the scope of the challenges, summarize the discussion of an expert panel, and provide a list of needs identified and prioritized by the panel to help inform the concerned communities and stakeholders.

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  Emerging Technology Trends and Their Impact on Criminal Justice March 26, 2018

  John S. Hollywood, Dulani Woods, Andrew Lauland, Brian A. Jackson, Richard Silberglitt

  The Criminal Justice Technology Forecasting Group discussed near-term effects that major societal trends could have on criminal justice and identified potential responses. This brief summarizes a report of the results of the group's meetings.

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  Addressing Emerging Trends to Support the Future of Criminal Justice: Findings of the Criminal Justice Technology Forecasting Group March 19, 2018

  John S. Hollywood, Dulani Woods, Andrew Lauland, Brian A. Jackson, Richard Silberglitt

  The Criminal Justice Technology Forecasting Group (CJTFG) deliberated on the effects that major technology and social trends could have on criminal justice in the next two to five years and identified potential responses. This report captures the results of the group's meetings and initiatives, presents the emerging trends and highlights of the group's discussion, and presents the results of analyses to assess connections between the trends.

2017

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  The Effects of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) on Police and Citizen Outcomes: A State-of-the-Art Review November 27, 2018

  Jon Maskaly, Christopher Donner, Wesley G. Jennings, Barak Ariel, Alex Sutherland

  Despite more forces adopting body-worn cameras (BWCs), there have been few studies into this topic. This study reviews the published literature on BWCs in policing, specifically in the context of how BWCs effect both citizens and officers.

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  Post-Experimental Follow-Ups—Fade-Out Versus Persistence Effects: The Rialto Police Body-Worn Camera Experiment Four Years On November 27, 2018

  Alex Sutherland, Barak Ariel, William Farrar, Randy De Anda

  The Rialto Police Department was the first police department in the world to participate in a randomized controlled trial of police body-worn cameras. This study reports on results from a three-year post-experimental follow-up from this trial.

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  Paradoxical Effects of Self-Awareness of Being Observed: Testing the Effect of Police Body-Worn Cameras on Assaults and Aggression Against Officers November 27, 2018

  Barak Ariel, Alex Sutherland, Darren Henstock, Josh Young, Paul Drover, Jayne Sykes, Simon Megicks, Ryan Henderson

  Scholars have applied self-awareness theory to explain why body-worn cameras (BWCs) affect encounters between the public and police. This report considers the paradoxical effects of BWCs in the context of assaults on officers.

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  Law Enforcement Cyber Center: Final Technical Report January 15, 2018

  Sasha Romanosky, Karlyn D. Stanley, Jirka Taylor, Zev Winkelman

  Cybercrime is a challenge for local and state law enforcement. The Law Enforcement Cyber Center (LECC) was established by the Bureau of Justice Assistance as a resource in combatting cybercrime. This report summarizes the LECC's activities, which aimed to raise the awareness and enhance the education and capacity of criminal justice and public safety agencies with regard to cybercrime.

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  Using ambulance data to inform violence prevention: A guide for police, public health and violence prevention partnerships December 15, 2017

  Alex Sutherland, Lucy Strang, Martin Stepanek, Chris Giacomantonio

  The use of ambulance data for crime reduction is a form of injury surveillance. Under this practice, data for assault-based injuries is shared with police and Community Safety Partnerships to help them identify where violent crime is taking place, which allows police to target their resources to reduce offending. This guidance is aimed at those who do not currently use ambulance data, or wish to extend their use of ambulance data.

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