Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

February 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during January 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Sudan May Become the Second Customer of China's J-10ce Why Suddenly Want to Buy Advanced Fighter Jets

January 18, 2023 | iMedia

The article mentions that Sudan may become the second country after Pakistan to purchase the J-10 fighter jet from China. The article only appears on one other website which also has questionable reliability. A similar report appeared last year and was reprinted in Sudanese media but was later debunked in the Sudan Tribune.

NAF Expects Delivery of 27 Fighter Jets, Attack Helicopters to Boost Fight against Terrorism

January 21, 2023 | This Day

Nigerian Chief of the Air Staff, Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao, announced during an operational visit to the Nigerian Air Force Institute of Safety that the Nigerian Air Force was expecting the delivery of additional new platforms. The expected air procurements include the Chinese-made Wing Loong II UCAVs. The military equipment will be used to carry out bombing campaigns against terrorists and insurgents. During the visit, Air Marshal Amao also praised the newly acquired Chinese-Pakistani joint made JF-17 Thunder aircraft in aiding the country’s anti-terrorism efforts.

China Providing Modern Weaponry to Taliban

January 22, 2023 | ANI

China is reportedly providing modern weaponry to the Taliban after the attack in December by the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) on a hotel in Kabul that mostly housed Chinese nationals. One of these developments is China's export of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to the Taliban, which has surveillance capabilities and will improve the forces' combat capabilities. Chinese media reports that uncertainty and unrest could lead to Afghanistan becoming a hotbed for terrorists "targeting China's Xinjiang and its interests overseas, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) projects." Taliban has also reportedly struck a deal with China to purchase Blowfish attack drones to upgrade in its UAV capabilities.

Chinese DJI Drone Business is Blooming in Russo-Ukrainian War

January 20, 2023 | The Financial

Chinese drone manufacturer DJI’s sales have rose quickly amidst the Russia-Ukraine war. Both Russia and Ukraine are widely using DJI drones, primarily for reconnaissance purposes. DJI drones are found to have “high-resolution optical and thermal cameras, advanced sensor packages, access to wireless networks, small size, and high maneuverability”, which is makes them useful for spying. DJI receives substantial state funding and support from the Chinese government and the People’s Liberation Army.

China's SH-15 Wheeled SPH Paraded in Ethiopia

January 23, 2023 | 163 News

This is the first appearance of the export variant of PCL-181 wheeled 155mm self-propelled howitzer (SPH) sold to Ethiopia. The article speculates the number of systems purchased by Ethiopia may exceed 100 based on the parade footage. The SPH system has a range of 40km with conventional 155mm ammunition and 53km with rocket-boosted shells.

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Navy Drills Reveal Greater Ability to Project Power Deeper into Pacific, Analysts Say

January 07, 2023 | South China Morning Post

This article discusses assessments by two Chinese analysts who claim that the PLA Navy has increased its capacity to project naval power into the Indo-Pacific. The assessment was made following displays of improved operational skills and survivability of Liaoning and Shandong aircraft carriers strike groups in the western Pacific and the South China Sea. The State broadcaster CCTV aired footage showing J-15 fighter jets that were seen practicing take-off and landing off the Shandong aircraft flight deck.

China's First Aerospace Industrial Base Starts Operation

January 11, 2023 | China Global Television Network

Chinese news media reports that China's first commercial aerospace industrial base, called the “CAS Space Industrial Base," has started operation in south China, with a targeted annual output capacity of 30 carrier rockets. The base will mainly be used for the “production, testing and assembly of solid and liquid-fuel carrier rockets.” China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation is the main contractor for the Chinese space program and announced earlier this month that it plans to conduct more than 50 aerospace tasks in 2023.

Chinese Navy Shows New Heavy-Lift Ship Carrier, Revealing Future Role in Wartime Transport and Vessel Rescue

January 06, 2023 | South China Morning Post

The article discusses China's new heavy-lift ship which is currently undergoing trials with the Chinese Navy. The Yinmahu is expected to enhance the PLA Navy's "warship projection and rescue capability." The semi-submersible heavy-lift ship will reportedly be used to transport equipment and ships, rescue damaged vessels during wartime, and potentially serve as a dock for emergency repairs. According to the report, the ship can carry vessels over 100,000 tonnes.

Video Of China’s ‘Next-Gen Main Battle Tank’ Undergoing Active Protection System Testing Surfaces Online

January 16, 2023 | The Eurasian Times

The article discusses a video showing what is believed to be China's next generation Main Battle Tank (MBT) that is under development. In the video, the tank is undergoing tests of its "Active Protection System (APS)." The equipment for the MBT are believed to be similar to those developed by China North Industries Corporation.

China Makes Progress on Advanced Warship Bigger Than Type 054A Frigate, According to New Satellite Images

January 27, 2023 | South China Morning Post

This article discusses a frigate that China is building in its Hudong Shipyard. The hull of the ship is reportedly similar to that of the Type 054A frigate. It is believed that the ship will be the Type 054B frigate as it may be "different enough to merit an entirely new class."

China ‘Designs’ Reusable Hypersonic Interceptor That Can Shoot & Come Back; A Theoretical Paper Plane Or Deadly Jet?

January 28, 2023 | Eurasian Times

This article discusses a paper by scientists at the Shanghai Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. The paper proposes a concept for a hypersonic weapon that can travel at speeds higher than Mach 5 and can destroy "incoming hypersonic missiles." However, it is believed that this is merely a theoretical concept meant to improve China's image as a rising technological power.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Thailand Chooses F-35 Over J-10C

January 15, 2023 | 163 News

This article reveals that Thailand decided in December 2022 to purchase four F-35 fighter jet instead of the previously rumored J-10C. The article attributes this alleged "change of mind" to the current 5th-gen fighter gap that J-10C simply cannot fill and to the fact that Thailand military is more familiar with operating western systems.

China, India Firms Dropped by Norway Fund Over Myanmar Weapons

January 25, 2023 | Al Jazeera

Norges Bank Investment Management, a Norway fund that owned 0.37 percent of Aviation China Industry and Technology (AVIC), announced its divestment from AVIC. Norges Bank cited its divestment due to the “unacceptable risk” that the company posed by selling light combat aircrafts and military weapons to Myanmar, which “in ways that constitute serious and systematic violations of international humanitarian law.”

Measures Impacting Sanctions

China Develops New Military-grade Chips in the Face of U.S. Export Restrictions

January 02, 2023 | Defense Mirror

According to Defense Mirror, an India based defense procurement reporting website, China's Xiangteng Company has developed military-grade chips to undermine the effect of the export controls the U.S. implemented against China. Xiangteng Company is part of the Aviation Industry Computing Institute.

Ukraine: US Sanctions Chinese Firm Helping Russia's Wagner Group

January 27, 2023 | BBC

The article reports that Changsha Tianyi Space Science and Technology Research Institute, also known as Spacety China, is one of 16 companies sanctioned by the U.S. for helping Russia's Wagner Group. According to the report, Spacety China has been supplying Russian firm, Terra Tech, with "synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images of locations in Ukraine," which is being used by PMC Wagner for its operations in Ukraine.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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