Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

August 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during July 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Feature

Conference Proceedings on Indian and U.S. Security Cooperation: Defense Production, Indo-Pacific Region, and Afghanistan

August 16, 2023 | The RAND Corporation

Weapon exports and the provision of security and military services abroad by China and Russia serve as a means for both countries to extend their influence around the globe. How do such activities affect India — an emerging great power — and what do they mean for India-U.S. security cooperation? A conference held on June 30 and July 1, 2022, sponsored by the U.S. Department of State, was part of an ongoing project focusing on these questions.

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Russian Company Purchased Chinese-made Drones & Support Equipment for War in Ukraine

July 02, 2023 | Liberty Times Net

It is reported a Russian company purchased $10.3 million worth of DJI Mavic 3 drones and drone control & jamming equipment from China between December 2022 and April 2023. They were declared at customs as civilian equipment but "for use by Russian Armed Forces in special military operation in Ukraine."

Fighter Aircraft from Pakistan: Iraq Fifth Country to Initiate Deal For JF-17

July 09, 2023 | The News International

This article reports that Iraq has signed a contract with a Pakistani company to purchase an unspecified number of the Chinese-Pakistan joint produced JF-17 Block III fighter jets. Iraqi defense officials and Pakistan have been in negotiation for the sale of the jets for more than two years. Iraq is reportedly interested in using the JF-17 jets against adversary drones.

Chinese-funded Naval Base in Cambodia Undergoes Rapid Development and Expansion

July 11, 2023 | Radio Free Asia

This article discusses the development project at Ream naval base in Cambodia, which began two years ago with funding from China and has seen rapid and major development in the past six months. The port allegedly will be capable of accommodating any PLA Navy vessels including the Type 003 aircraft carrier. However, Cambodia has denied the claim that China will have exclusive military access to the base.

Chinese Training Program Skills Up Young Africans

July 26, 2023 | China Daily

This article discusses China’s collaboration with 300 students and instructors from nine African countries to participate in a training program aimed at helping them become qualified technicians. The event is called Africa Tech Challenge and included participants from Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Egypt, Zambia, Tanzania, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, and Zimbabwe. The program was sponsored by the China Education Association for International Exchange in collaboration with the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).

Nigerian Army Operating Chinese-Made Ziyan UAS Blowfish

July 19, 2023 | Military Africa

According to this report, the Nigerian Army has received a delivery of the Blowfish UAV from China. The lightweight intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) unmanned aerial vehicle reportedly has a range of 100km and endurance of up to 6 hours.

Chinese Defence Giant NORINCO Opens Regional Office in Dakar

July 25, 2023 | Africa Intelligence

According to this report, China North Industries Group Corporation (NORINCO) has opened a new office in Senegal. This is expected to support the expansion of its operations in West Africa.

China Pledges Military Support to ‘Troubled’ Zimbabwe; Looks to Further Boost Its Presence in Africa

July 31, 2023 | Eurasian Times

The Chinese defense attachè in Zimbabwe mentioned at the PLA anniversary celebrations that China stated that it was willing to support the Zimbabwe Defense Forces. This report notes that Russia's war in Ukraine has brought about uncertainty for its African defense customers and has created an opportunity for China to "push with its military investments, arms sales, and security cooperation agreements."

Chinese Defense Sector

China's New Generation of UAV "Wing Loong-1E" Successfully Made Its First Flight! Performance Surpasses Similar Equipment in The United States

July 14, 2023 | INF News

This article reports that a new generation of Chinese-made Wing Loong unmanned aerial vehicles developed by Aviation Industry Corporation of China successfully made its maiden flight. The new generation of "Wing Loong" UAV, named Wing Loong-1E, is an improved version of the Wing Loong-1D. The Wing Loong-1E has a lighter body weight and stronger body structure strength. It also has “multi-channel airborne photoelectric pods including white light, thermal imaging and laser ranging channels, synthetic aperture radar, and can also install various communication and reconnaissance equipment.” The wing of the Wing Loong-1E also has 4 external hardpoints, which can mount various types of air-to-surface missiles and airborne weapons and ammunition including small guided or guided bombs. Analysts have compared this drone to the equivalent of the American MQ-1C drone.

PLAAF is Rapidly Expanding Its Fuel Tanker Fleet

July 13, 2023 | Youtube

Referencing a defense observation from Jane's, this news video reports that China has rapidly expanded its operational fleet of air refueling tankers, from only one in 2022 to eight in July 2023. This development will significantly increase the sustainability of China's air power projection. Recent footage released by PLA Air Force shows at least seven Y-20 tankers, the fuel tanker variant of Y-20 cargo jet, each with a unique serial number and one YY-28 prototype fuel tanker.

China's Type 054B Frigate has Entered Mass Production

July 10, 2023 | 163 News

Chinese news outlets report the sighting of multiple Type 054B frigates, the latest variant of Type 054 and successor of Type 054A, under construction at Huangpu Wenchong shipyard in Guangzhou. The frigate is alleged to have 50% larger displacement than its predecessor, at 5,000 to 6,000 tons, and have much improved capabilities with systems include a rotating AESA radars, a 32-unit vertical launch system (VLS) module, and Z-20 helicopter for anti-submarine warfare activities. It is speculated that the number of Type 054B frigates could eventually reach 40.

China Successfully Launched the First Methalox-fueled Orbital Launch Rocket

July 12, 2023 | Xinhua News

The Chinese private space launch service provider LandSpace successfully conducted a launch mission of its Zhuque-2 orbital rocket. This is the first ever successful launch of any rocket powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane.

China's Top Fighter Jet Maker is Merged with AVIC Subsidiary, to Become a Shareholding Public Company

July 27, 2023 | Global Times

This article highlights that Zhonghang Electronic Measuring Instruments Co Ltd would purchase all the equities of Aviation Industry Corp of China Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Company (CAIG). CAIG is the primary producer of the J-20 jets. By tapping the capital market, industry analysts are saying that the Chinese domestic aerospace equipment sector is expected to experience rapid development.

China's Fourth Type 075 Amphibious Assault Ship May Be Launched in 6 Months

July 30, 2023 | Naval News

This article highlights new imagery on Chinese social media showing the rapid progress of the construction of the 4th Type 075 landing helicopter dock at Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. The full assembly of the welldeck and vehicle loading is almost complete and the ship should be ready for launch in 5 to 6 months at the current pace.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Another Nigerian F-7Ni Lost in A Crash

July 17, 2023 | Defence Web

This article reports that recently a Chinese-made J-7 aircraft in service with the Nigerian Air Force experienced a crash while on a routine training exercise. The Nigerian Air Force is still investigating the cause of the crash. This is not the first time the J-7 aircraft has experienced a malfunction. Six have been lost in crashes over the years, along with three pilots. In November 2020 five J-7 were sent to Chengdu for heavy maintenance and upgrades while two were overhauled in Nigeria with the help of Chinese technicians. The aircraft were returned to service by the end of 2022 along with an extra J-7 donated by the producer Chengdu Aircraft Industry.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

US Think Tank Founder Charged with Acting as Chinese Agent

July 11, 2023 | BBC News

This article highlights Gal Luft, the head of a US think tank, the Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, has been charged with acting as a Chinese agent and attempting to broker the sale of weapons. Luft has reportedly helped Chinese companies sell anti-tank launchers, grenade launchers and mortar rounds to Libya, aerial bombs and rockets to the United Arab Emirates, and "strike" drones to Kenya.

China Secretly Sends Enough Gear to Russia to Equip An Army

July 24, 2023 | Politico

This article discusses pictures on Shanghai H Win, a Chinese company’s website, showing reportedly a Russian man inspecting military-grade body armor at its factory. The manufacturer reported on its website that “one of our customers came to our company to confirm the style and quantity of bulletproof vests, and carefully tested the quality of our vests.” Russian buyers are reportedly purchasing hundreds of thousands of bulletproof vests and helmets made by Shanghai H Win. There are concerns that China is selling dual-use technology that can have both civilian and military uses to escape deniability by Western authorities about their involvement in the war.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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