Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

September 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during August 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

Jump to topic:

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Private Military Security Companies

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Friends at Any Price: China Seeks Allies, Arms Markets in West Africa as French Influence Wanes

August 26, 2023 | France 24

This report discusses the foray of Chinese defense firms into French-speaking West Africa. China North Industries Group Coroporation (NORINCO) now has a new sales office in Senegal and plans are reportedly underway in Beijing to open offices in Ivory Coast and Mali. China is making greater inroads into these countries because of the waning French influence. The report mentions that French influence has waned because of Russian activities. The report adds that China may increase its arms sales to sub-saharan Africa to expand its influence in the region.

Chinese Defense Sector

China Expands Export Controls on Drones with Military Potential

August 01, 2023 | South China Morning Post

On July 31, 2023, China announced that it will be imposing export restrictions on locally made drones that have potential for military applications starting in September. Exporters will require government approval to send the devices overseas. The restrictions apply to products that enabled the "proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorist activities or military purposes." The new order is an extension of export controls issued in 2015. The export restrictions now apply to drones that can be controlled manually beyond the range of sight for up to 30 minutes, which previously had a 1-hour limit. The maximum take-off weight of the drones is limited to less than 7kg. Radio equipment that exceeds internationally certified civil power limits, devices that can launch or drop weights, hyper-spectral, multispectral, or precision infrared cameras, and high-power laser locators are also banned under the export order.

Chinese Military Scientists Claim to Have Achieved A ‘Huge Breakthrough' On Laser Weapon Technology

August 11, 2023 | South China Morning Post

Scientists at China's National University of Defense Technology have reportedly developed a new cooling system that eliminates harmful heat that is generated during the operation of high-energy lasers. The issue has been a major technical challenge for laser weapon development. With the new technology, weapons can now generate laser beams for as long as they want, without any interruption or degradation in performance. This development will also increase range and damage and reducing logistics and costs during battle.

New Engine For WZ-10 Helicopter to Boost Climb Rate By 20%, Acceleration By 10%

August 07, 2023 | China Arms

This article highlights clips from Chinese media showing the People Liberation Army's new type of engine has completed validation and is set to be installed in the WZ-10 armed helicopter. Chinese media reports that with the new engine, "the helicopter's climb rate can be improved by about 20% and the acceleration can be improved by about 10%." The engine will expand the helicopter's ability to perform tasks in complex environments, enhancing the helicopter's mobility and combat effectiveness.

PLAAF Developing New Combat Methods for UAVs

August 16, 2023 | Janes

This article reports that the Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force has been developing new combat tactics and methods of operation for unmanned aerial vehicles, including remote take-offs and landings at locations far from home base airfields and potential manned-unmanned teaming. China has been conducting these trials using Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) Wing Loong-II drones. The exercise objectives included searching, detecting, identifying, and attacking multiple targets using remote control from the ground station.

China Navy Launches New Type 054B Frigate in Shanghai

August 28, 2023 | Navy Recognition

This report claims that Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding has launched the first Chinese PLA Navy's Type-054B frigate in Shanghai. The Type-054B frigate has a fully electric propulsion system which enhances its "power conversion efficieincy, reduces energy consumption, and improves its navigational performance and combat power." The frigate is also equipped with systems that give it leading air defense capabilities.

China Tests World's Most Powerful Coilgun

August 25, 2023 | South China Morning Post

China recently tested a prototype coil electromagnetic gun, or Gauss gun. The test accelerated a 273-lb projectile to 435 mph (280m/s) in 0.05 seconds. Online discussions on social media speculate the power output of the prototype is less than 5 megawatts, assuming linear acceleration across the typical 30-feet naval gun barrel length.

Chinese Private Military Security Companies

Child Killed by Burmese Troops Guarding Chinese-Owned Copper Mine

August 16, 2023 | Voice of America

This article reports that a 9-year-old child was killed, and five villagers were wounded when Burmese troops protecting a Chinese-owned mine fired on civilians. Trucks from the Chinese company Wanbao Mining Ltd., a subsidiary of the Chinese state-owned defense firm China North Industries Corporation, were transporting copper ore when security troops began firing shots indiscriminately. Tensions have been high between local armed groups and Wanbao mine security forces before the incident due to the company's support for the junta. Wanbao had expanded the fencing around its compound and deployed security personnel to guard copper ore transfers in the region, leading to local civilians being displaced from their homes.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

China's Domestically Manufactured Jumbo Jet Relies Heavily on Western Parts

August 06, 2023 | Liberty Times Net

China proclaimed its first ever domestically designed and manufactured jet airliner C919 is grounded due to malfunction only one month after commercial operation. US analysts say that almost all major components of C919 are imported from U.S. manufacturers. Though unconfirmed, the malfunction could have been caused by incompatibility between these components and avionics. A major participant in the R&D of C919 and the deputy president of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics were put under arrest and investigation.

Nepal To Request China For Waiver Of Pokhara Airport Construction Loan

August 26, 2023 | The Kathmandu Post

This article discusses Nepal's plan to request China for a loan write off for five Chinese-made planes. This request comes as Nepal Airlines seeks to divest itself of Chinese-made planes, including two MA60s and four Y12es, which have incurred technical issues and heavy losses since acquisition.

China's Troubles In Pakistan Mount Over Poor Serviceability of JF-17 Fighters, CPEC Security

August 30, 2023 | Eurasian Times

This report discusses issues in the China-Pakistan relations which have been compounded by the failure of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor to deliver the expected prosperity for the Pakistani side. One of the issues the article mentions is the JF-17 aircraft China sold to Pakistan which are now unuseable because of engine and spare part problems. China National Aero Technology Export and Import Corporation (CATIC) has reportedly not been forthcoming with regards to maintenance and spares. Pakistan has reportedly sidelined CATIC and approached Kilmov, the engine manufacturer, directly. The JF-17 uses the Russian made RD-93 engines and Kilmov has not been able to provide its spares due to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

PLA Test Launch of DF-27 Anti-ship Ballistic Missile Hits Moving Target

August 16, 2023 | Weibo

The official Chinese social media account of People's Liberation Army (PLA) Strategic Support Command, in reference to a report from foreign news sources, posted video footage with commentaries from a PLA defense analyst. The PLA defense analyst Wenlong Du claims that the US Defense Department acknowledged the DF-27 as a system capable of accurate strikes at a range of 5,000 to 8,000 km and a terminal speed of Mach 15. He also claims that the PLA has the ability to deny US Navy battlegroups access to oceans near China through past exercises.

PLA Fields and Demonstrates Device to Perform Security Scanning on Cell Phones

August 11, 2023 | X

A Tiktok video has been circulated on social media of a contractor reportedly showcasing their product for the People's Liberation Army, a portable scanning device that can, via wired connection, scan 200 cell phones at a time for security compliance purposes. It can also detect unsafe and non-compliant behaviors and violations of security protocols by rapidly going through users' online transaction histories and deleted chat logs.

Shipping Companies in China Refuse Orders for Drone Shippment

August 25, 2023 | X

A snapshot of a chat log between a drone exporting company in China and its usual shipping service provider has been circulating on social media, showing the effects of China's new export controls regarding drones. The chat log suggests shipping companies in China categorically refuse orders containing drones to stay compliant with government restriction on drone exports.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Neutral' China Is Supplying Putin's Forces with Helicopters, Drones, And Crucial Raw Materials, Report Says

August 20, 2023 | Business Insider

According to this article, China has reportedly been supplying Russia with military equipment, including helicopters, drones, optical sights, and defense industry metals, despite claiming neutrality in the conflict with Ukraine. The article cites an Telegraph investigation, revealing that China has sent tens of thousands of shipments to Russian military manufacturers, and the trade between the two nations is on track to surpass $200 billion this year, setting a new record. This assistance began even before the invasion of Ukraine, with shipments such as drones. Furthermore, raw materials like titanium and magnesium alloys, essential for arms and aircraft production, have been exported to Russia.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

Privacy statement | Unsubscribe

RAND Corporation

RAND Corporation. 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401-3208.
RAND® is a registered trademark.