Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

October 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during September 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

China And Iran Look Beyond Russian Market for UAS And Precision Weapon Exports

September 06, 2023 | Shephard Media

Chinese and Iranian companies showcased various unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and precision-guided munitions during the Army-2023 event near Moscow recently. They introduced new UAS and smart munitions, asserting that these innovations drew inspiration from the Russo-Ukrainian conflict and have garnered global attention.

China's "Replica" Guns Shipped to Solomon Islands Are Likely Real

September 04, 2023 | ABC News (Australia)

This article highlights the Solomon Islands' opposition calls for a formal and independent investigation into the shipment of "replica guns" from China after publicly released US diplomatic cables indicate they are likely real weapons.

DTI And Thai Artillery Test New Prototype of NORINCO CSAH2 105mm Light Gun

September 26, 2023 | Army Recognition

National Defense Technology Institute (DTI) of Thailand has partnered with Chinese manufacturer Poly Technologies to jointly research and develop a 105mm artillery projectile specifically designed for the CS/AH2 model. The project's Phase 1, with a budget of $1,439,712, was announced in September 2021. The CS/AH2 is a 105mm light howitzer primarily intended for export by China North Industries Group Corporation (NORINCO).

Iraq Allegedly Became the First Export Customer of CH-5 UCAV

September 26, 2023 | 163 News

Photographs have been circulating on social media of the training certificate obtained by Iraqi pilot for operating CH-5 combat UAV. This is viewed as the sign that Iraq has allegedly chosen CH-5 developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) over its U.S. counterpart and become the first export customer of the model. The latest version of CH-5 can achieve a maximum range of 10,000 km and air dwelling time of 60 hours with a load of up to 1.4 ton.

Chinese Defense Sector

China Confirms Launch of First Type 054B Frigate

September 05, 2023 | Janes

China has launched the Type-054B frigate, seen as a successor to the Type-054A frigate, to address its security needs. Using satellite imagery, the Type-054B frigate is believed to have a length of 147 meters, a beam of 18 meters, and a displacement of 6,000 tonnes. For comparison, the Type-054A frigate has a length of 134 meters, a beam of 16 meters and a displacement of 3,500 tonnes. The Type-054B frigate also has a larger aviation deck and hangar compared to the Type-054A.

China Showcases Equivalent to US Javelin Anti-Tank Guided Missile Known as HJ-12

September 08, 2023 | Army Recognition

This report discusses the HJ-12, China's version of the U.S. Javelin anti-tank guided missile. The HJ-12, also called Red Arrow-12, has a 135mm diameter which gives it the potential to carry a heavier payload and cause greater damage than the Javelin which has a diameter of 114mm. The HJ-12 has "lock-on before launch" and "fire and forget" capabilities which enhances its accuracy and efficiency.

Alleged Leak Indicates Capabilities of China's New 140 mm Armor-piercing Shells

September 05, 2023 | X

This article reports that there has been another alleged leak of the penetrator rod of China's 140 mm caliber armor-piercing fin-stabalized discarding sabot (APFSDS) tank shell circulating on social media and video game forums. The leak includes a detailed "status card" and a photo of the shell comparing key parameters with its 120 mm NATO counterpart produced by Rheinmetal and, allegedly, greatly surpasses the latter.

China Tested a Rotating Detonation Engine on a Su-34 Scale Model

September 22, 2023 | Bulgarian Military

This report claims that China is making progress in the development of a rotating detonation engine (RDE) and has tested the engine on a Su-34 test aircraft. The report had no information on whether the test was successful or met the minimum requirements.

China's 1st Unmanned Recon & Strike Aircraft - KVD002 - Likely Engaged In Military Exercises Near Taiwan

September 23, 2023 | Eurasian Times

The PLA Ground Force has reportedly unveiled its first unmanned reconnaissance and strile aircraft known as KVD002. The UAV is believed to have been involved in exercises and patrols around Taiwan. The UAV was unveiled at the 6th China Helicopter Exposition in Tianjin. The UAV is reportedly similar to the CH-4 but it's developer has not been revealed.

China Announces Breakthrough in Battery Technology that Could Enable High Energy Weaponry

September 19, 2023 | South China Morning Post

China recently announced the successful development of 40165 lithium battery, enhancing its electric car industry.The battery can fully discharge in just 12 to 36 seconds and fully recharge in 3 minutes and has the potential for applications in the field of high energy weaponry.

China's Private Space Firm Successfully Conducts Ground Test on Methane-powered Rocket

September 27, 2023 | Weibo

i-Space, a Chinese private space firm, announced through its official Chinese social media Weibo account that the company has conducted a successful static ignition test of its oxygen-methane rocket engine. It was the first system-wide test and the results met the design requirements.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Pakistan-China's JF-17 Fighter Jet Turned Out to Be Junk, Warned Myanmar's Army Chief Aghababula, Munir

September 01, 2023 | Hindustan News Hub

This article highlights Myanmar's Army Chief, Ming Aung Hlaing, expressing strong dissatisfaction with former Pakistan Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif and army chief General Asim Munir due to alleged negligence in maintenance follow-up of the Pakistan-China joint produced JF-17 aircraft. Tensions between Myanmar and Pakistan have raised questions about the fate of the JF-17 and whether General Munir will address the repair demands or if the situation will escalate, potentially impacting a potential alliance.

Defective Quality of China's Arms Put Buyer Nations In Peril, Export Declined To 25 Per Cent

September 13, 2023 | Firstpost

This article cites a recent report by Directus that shows China's arms exports have declined significantly in recent years due to concerns over poor quality and inconsistent performance, causing a nearly 25 percent drop in the past decade. Initially, Chinese weaponry was favored for its cost-effectiveness, but declining performance has led to a loss of demand.

Top Officers Purged, More in Offing, In Unprecedented Corruption Probe of China's Defence Establishment

September 12, 2023 | Tibetan Review

This article reports that the Chinese defense minister, Li Shangfu, has been absent from public appearances for the past two weeks, while at least four high-ranking officials from China's military enterprises have been detained as part of an unprecedented corruption probe by the party's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. The detained officials include the chairmen and general managers of major military corporations, and the investigation is expected to implicate more individuals as it intensifies.

Cambridge University's Collaboration with Chinese Military Entities Has Been Exposed and Terminated

September 04, 2023 | UK-China Transparency

A recent report by UK-China Transparency detailed the collaboration between the UK university and a R&D subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). Cambridge University published an official response to this report, stating the collboration was strictly civlian-use, compliant with treaties and regulations, and has been shut down.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

China Tests Copied Version of Iranian Shahed 136 Kamikaze Drones

September 09, 2023 | X

Test footage emerged on social media of China's Sunflower 200 kamikaze drone which resembles the Iranian Shahed 136 drone used by Russia in Ukraine. The drone previously debuted Armiya-2023 Expo in Russia. Arms analysts say that despite China's recent export ban on drones, Sunflower 200 could be exported as spare parts which are interchangeable with Shahed 136 and thus support Russia's war effort.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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