Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

November 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during October 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

China Receives and Prepares Huge Orders of Tactical Equipment for Israel

October 11, 2023 | X

Circulating on social media is the screenshot of a Chinese social media post titled "emergency order from Tel Aviv" with photos of Chinese factory employees preparing batches of tactical vests for shipping. It allegedly coincides with the rumors of tactical gear shortage among Israeli reservists due to the rapid mobilization effort following recent Hamas attacks.

US Approves F-16 Sale to Argentina to Counter Chinese Offer

October 13, 2023 | The Defense Post

The US State Department has granted approval for the transfer of 24 F-16 fighter jets from Denmark to Argentina. However, China has also offered its JF-17 fighter aircraft to Argentina as a more financially attractive alternative to fill the gap left by the retirement of its Mirage III jets in 2015. The JF-17 offered by China to Argentina is reported to be more modern and equipped with Chinese engines, making it an enticing option for the Argentinian military.

Iraq: IQAF Between Rafale And JF-17 Fighter Procurement

October 19, 2023 | Tactical Report

Iraq is considering the acquisition of modern fighter jets, with the French Dassault Rafale and the Pakistan-China joint produced JF-17 emerging as the primary contenders. The choice between these options depends on Iraq's air combat needs and political considerations. The report delves into the negotiations and factors surrounding the Rafale deal, including the involvement of other countries, pressure on France regarding the sale, and any counteroffers made by France, as well as the ongoing JF-17 negotiations and the status of Iraq's F-16IQ fleet.

Serbia Relies on China for Weapons as Tensions With Kosovo Rise

October 12, 2023 | Nikkei Asia

This report claims that Serbia is relying on Chinese arms suppliers to fill the void left by Russian arms suppliers who are now focused on the Russia-Ukraine War. Serbia is reportedly the first European country to operate Chinese weapons systems. Serbia acquired "HQ-22 surface-to-air missile systems and CH-92 armed drones from China" last year. According to the report, China sees Serbia as an entry point into the European arms market because of its preferential trade terms with the European Union.

Thailand Expands Tank Fleet With 12 Norinco VT-4s from China

October 16, 2023 | Army Recognition

This report discusses the VT-4 main battle tank (MBT). According to the report, Thailand has taken delivery of 12 Chinese VT-4 MBTs, the export version of the MBT-3000 which was first unveiled in 2012.

Chinese Defense Sector

KVD-002 UCAV Strengthens PLAGF's Airborne ISR Capability

October 03, 2023 | Janes

This report discusses the KVD-002 integrated surveillance unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) recently acquired by the People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF). The system was first unveiled at the China Helicopter Exposition in September 2023, is the PLAGF's "first integrated surveillance and combat system". The system's manufacturer has still not been identified, however, its similarity to the CH-4 has prompted speculations that it is a product of the China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics.

PLA Navy Scoops Up Sonar and Radar Signatures of Foreign Vessels to Fuel Big Data Analysis to Gain an Edge in Intel

October 10, 2023 | South China Morning Post

According to this article, big data has become the late-mover advantage of the PLA Navy to make up for the lack of real combat experience compared to U.S. Navy. China has recently equipped ships with datalinks so that advanced warships can share the collected data and signatures with older vessels in joint operations.

Chinese J-20 Is Preparing Upgrades - It Will Carry More AAMs

October 25, 2023 | Bulgarian Military

This article discusses the recent Pentagon's report on China's military capabilities, raising speculation that the concept of manned-unmanned partnerships could extend to controlling autonomous aircraft. The report finds that the People's Liberation Army is exploring the integration of manned and unmanned aerial platforms to enhance future air combat capabilities. Additionally, it is working on improving its J-20 fighter jet, potentially upgrading its air-to-air missile capacity, engine thrust vectoring, and super cruise capabilities.

China Adds New Mengshi-Based Recon Vehicle and Armored Ambulance to its Arsenal

October 16, 2023 | Army Recognition

This report discusses a 4x4 reconnaissance vehicle and a 6x6 armored ambulance based on the Mengshi platform which have been added to the PLA fleet to enhance its military capabilities.

Chinese Army Unveils MV3 4x4 Anti-Tank Vehicle Armed with HJ10 Missiles

October 17, 2023 | Army Recognition

This report discusses a picture circulating on social media which shows an anti-tank vehicle equipped with the HJ10 anti-tank missile system. The vehicle is reportedly based on the 4x4 MV3 High-Mobility Vehicle. The new vehicle with its advanced weapon system is expected to boost the capabilities of the PLA.

Thailand Shelves Chinese Submarine Procurement Plan

October 23, 2023 | Janes

According to this report, Thailand has shelved plans to procure a Chinese S26T-class diesel-electric submarine, but will instead buy a China-made frigate. The submarine purchase has been postponed caused by China's difficulty obtaining the MTU 396 engine from Germany due to European Union sanctions. The report adds that China has proposed the replacement of the MTU 396 engine with the Chinese CHD620 engine. However, Thailand has not accepted the proposal and requires more details about the engine because the engine "has never been used in submarines of any country."

China Debuts Improved Nuclear Powered Cruise Missile Submarine as a Counter to US Naval Power

October 17, 2023 | Voice of America

The 2023 China Military Power Report confirms that the PLA Navy has fielded the latest version of its Type 093 nuclear attack submarine, the Type 093B, according to VOA. The submarine has verticle launch systems for anti-ship cruise missiles and is expected to serve as a counter to carrier-centered US naval power projection.

PLAAF Conducts Firtst Operational Test on the New Cargo Plane Y-20B

October 21, 2023 | X

A photo of the Y-20B cargo jet on the tarmac with new engines installed appeared on social media platforms. It is claimed to be up for its first operational test with a new engine and other improvements.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Contract: Russian Wagner Mercenary's Acquired Chinese Satellites That Helped with Africa, Other Operations

October 05, 2023 | Voice of America

A document obtained by a French media organization AFP, revealing that the Russian mercenary group Wagner signed a contract with a Chinese firm to acquire two high-resolution observation satellites in November 2022. These satellites, purchased from Chang Guang Satellite Technology (CGST), were intended to support intelligence work for Russia's military attack in Ukraine. The contract also allowed Wagner to obtain satellite images for various regions, including Ukraine, Africa, and Russian territory, and the contract remains active, leading to concerns about the potential acquisition of additional satellite images from CGST.

Chinese Made Rifle Cartridges Show up on the Russian Side on the Southern Front of Ukraine

October 10, 2023 | X

A photo of Chinese made rifle cartridges in Russian trenches attacked and captured by Ukrainians, along with some repost analysis, is being circulated on social media. Based on the markings of the ammo box, the cartridges are Type 53 7.62mm rifle cartridges with steel-core bimetal-jacketed bullets, manufactured in 1969 by Factory 791 in Chongqing. Repost analysis claims the chances are low that this is a direct transfer of ammunition from China to Russia. Instead, this could be a second-hand transfer from Iran.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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