Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by RAND

Monthly Snapshot

May 2024

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during April 2024. RAND seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Iraq Announces Start of VN22 Armoured Vehicle Production

April 08, 2024 | Janes

This article highlights that Iraq's state-owned defense industry has begun manufacturing China North Industries Group produced VN22 6×6 armored vehicles. The announcement was made by Mustafa Ati Hassan, president of the Military Industrialization Authority, during a video posted by the Defence Industry Commission of Iraq on April 1st. The announcement lacked specifics regarding the production program, with the video showcasing a production line for 4×4 light armored vehicles instead of the VN22.

China Donates 30 Trucks to Argentina

April 01, 2024 | Janes

According to this report, the Ministry of National Defense of China has donated 30 Kangfei model trucks to Argentina for community support missions. The agreement was signed in 2022 is valued at CNY50 million (USD6.92 million) and includes various vehicles and spare parts.

Thailand Becomes Third Purchaser of GQL-111 Bridge System

April 08, 2024 | Army Recognition

According to this report, Thailand has acquired the GQL-111 bridging system from China. The GQL-111 is a scissor-type bridge system deployed from an 8x8 all-terrain truck chassis. It can reportedly span gaps up to 15 meters with a single section and up to 75 meters with five sections, supporting armored combat vehicles up to 50 tons and wheeled vehicles with a maximum axle load of 13 tons.

Equatorial Guinea Flying New Chinese Helicopters

April 17, 2024 | Janes

According to the report, the Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea (FAGE) recently acquired two new Harbin Z-9WE helicopters. Vice-President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue inspected the helicopters, which were equipped with an electro-optical system and weapon pylons. The report adds that Equatorial Guinea is reportedly considering acquiring more combat helicopters. This acquisition is said to be FAGE's first aircraft acquisition from China. FAGE's fleet primarily comprises Soviet-era aircraft.

UPDF, Norinco Establishing UAV Workshop in Uganda as Defence Indigenisation Efforts Continue

April 18, 2024 | Defence Web

The report discusses the developments in the Ugandan defense industry and the recent agreement signed with Norinco for the establishment of a UAV workshop in Uganda. Uganda's efforts to develop its local defense industry have expanded from armored vehicle assembly to aircraft maintenance and now to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) assembly. The Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs of Uganda and Norinco have signed a cooperation agreement which will establish a UAV workshop in Nakasongola. This collaboration aims to enhance Uganda's defense capacity through research, innovation, and technology transfer. The report adds that Uganda recently inaugurated a helicopter maintenance, repair, and overhaul facility in partnership with a Russian company, Pro-Heli International.

Chinese Defense Sector

China Begins Operating Z-20 Medium-Lift Helicopter From Type 075 Class

April 04, 2024 | Janes

This report discusses videos on Chinese social media and state-owned television which show the Type 075 ship carrying Z-20 airframes along with Z-8C helicopters for a "field test." The Z-20 reportedly resembles the Sikorsky S-70C/UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter and has a maximum take-off weight of 10 tonnes. China has naval and anti-submarine warfare variants of the Z-20, with the naval variant featuring additional equipment like EO/IR sensors and stub wing pylons for torpedoes. The Z-20 is said to be in service with various army formations, and it is unclear which variant was onboard the Hainan in the videos.

China Develops "Strategic" Anti-air Missile with 2,000 km Range

April 04, 2024 | 163 News

Reports on Chinese news outlets discuss a recently published working paper on the prototype of a super-long range anti-air missile developed by North West Polytechnic University of China. The paper listed requirements that will be satisfied by the prototype, including 2,000 km range, being less than 4 tons in weight and 10 meters in length, and being a two-stage rocket-boosted hypersonic vehicle capable of penetrating deep into enemy air space targeting bombers and AWACS.

China Unveils its New CH-3D Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle

April 10, 2024 | Army Recognition

China has unveiled its CH-3D Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV), a high altitude and long endurance flights (HALE) drone developed by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). Compared to the CH-3 UAV, the CH-3D features upgrades such as SATCOM antennas for improved communication, HALE capabilities, retractable landing gear for aerodynamics, and advanced composite materials for reduced weight and increased stealth. The drone also includes enhanced surveillance and targeting systems, improved fuel efficiency, and greater payload capacity. The report notes that the advanced capabilities of the CH-3D could cause it to cost more than the Turkish TB2 drone, a well-established competitor known for its cost-effectiveness.

China Develops New Light Tank with 105mm Cannon to Compete with Western BAE Systems' CV90105

April 12, 2024 | Army Recognition

China has developed a new light fire support vehicle based on the VN20 tracked Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV), equipped with a 105mm cannon with an automatic loading system. The report notes that the new vehicle is similar to Western models like the BAE Systems CV90105 light tank, showcasing China's "efforts to match and potentially exceed Western standards in military vehicle performance." The report mentions the VT5 light tank and suggests that the new IFV will be lighter than the VT5 while maintaining comparable firepower, and will potentially offer a cost-effective yet potent option in the global arms market.

China Converts Type 59 Main Battle Tank into New Heavy Infantry Fighting Vehicle

April 18, 2024 | Army Recognition

The report discusses China's development of a new heavy infantry fighting vehicle (HIFV) based on the Type 59 Main Battle Tank. The vehicle was initially unveiled in August 2017 at the Baotou training ground by Norinco. An updated version of the HIFV was observed in spring 2023, suggesting ongoing development and potential interest from international clients. The vehicle is speculated to have been developed at Plant No. 617, a facility under Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group (FIRMACO), a subsidiary of Norinco. The HIFV features a reconfigured hull with the engine and transmission compartment relocated to the front for improved protection, along with a combat module armed with a 30mm cannon, a 7.62mm machine gun, and anti-tank guided missiles.

China Tests HH-100 Cargo UAV

April 10, 2024 | Janes

The report discusses the HH-100 large cargo unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) being developed by AVIC. The UAV, with a planned maximum take-off weight of 2 tons, has completed high-speed automatic taxiing tests and is being prepared for flight testing. The HH-100 is designed for "regional logistics transport roles, forest and grassland monitoring and firefighting, disaster relief, communications relay, and cloud seeding," however, it is also expected to have military applications. The UAV system includes the aircraft and a ground command-and-control station with a payload capacity of 700 kg, cruising speed of 300 km/h, service ceiling of 5,000 m, and a maximum range of 520 km with a full payload. The prototype features an unconventional boom configuration, suggesting rapid development using existing technology.

The Construction of the 4th Chinese Aircraft Carrier has Reportedly Started

April 20, 2024 | Meta-Defense

According to the report, the construction of a fourth aircraft carrier has reportedly started in China without any technical difficulties. There is no information about the propulsion system for the new carrier, however, the report suggest that a conventionally powered carrier may be more suitable for China's current needs. The Fujian, China's third aircraft carrier which is equipped with modern features like electromagnetic catapults is expected to undergo sea trials soon, and is anticipated to enter into service by mid-2025. Additionally, the Liaoning carrier is undergoing tests with a model of the J-35 stealth fighter onboard, indicating potential enhancements to its air group. The Chinese Navy's ambitious goal includes acquiring a fleet of around a dozen aircraft carriers by 2045 to rival the US Navy.

China Tests Hypersonic UAV on H-6 Bomber

April 23, 2024 | X

Photographs have been circulating on the internet of what seems to be the MD-22 unmanned hypersonic test platform being tested by an H-6 bomber. The platform was claimed to be a space shuttle version of Loyal Wingman of the future, with a top speed of Mach 7 and a range of 8,000 km.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Unhappy With JF-17 Thunder Jets? Nigeria Set To Receive Italian M-346 Fighter Aircraft By End Of 2024

April 20, 2024 | Eurasian Times

The report discusses Nigeria's shift away from China for its fighter jet needs. Rather than acquire more JF-17 jets, Nigeria has reportedly acquired 24 M-346FA fighter jets in four batches from Leonardo. The deal also includes a 25-year logistical support package. The report did not specify challenges Nigeria faced with the JF-17 but speculates that the country has faced technical challenges similar to Myanmar. The report also mentions that Nigeria is in the process of replacing its aging Chengdu F-7NI jets. possibly with Indian Tejas jets.

Myanmar Regime Sends Russian Aircraft to Bomb Lost Territory

April 19, 2024 | Nikkei Asia

The report discusses the increase in aerial attacks by the regime in Myanmar. The report notes that these attacks are being carried out with Russian-origin aircraft. The report mentions that the 11 JF-17 jets that Myanmar acquired from Pakistan are unfit for service and have been grounded.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

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This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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