Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

March 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during February 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

PMC Wagner with the Help of China Creates Swarms of Drones for Attacks on Ukraine - Mirror (ЧВК "Вагнер" с помощью Китая создает рои дронов для ударов по Украине, - Mirror)

February 01, 2023 | Focus

PMC Wagner received 2,500 DJI Mavic 2 drones from China. The companies cooperate in developing technologies of the "swarm drones" for strikes on the territory of Ukraine.

China to Build Satellite Ground Stations on Antarctica

February 03, 2023 | Engineering and Technology

The country’s state-owned China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) won a 43.95 million yuan bid for a project to develop new ground stations at Zhongshan, located by Prydz Bay in East Antarctica, south of the Indian Ocean. The ground stations will help track the tens of thousands of satellites and other objects in Earth’s orbit and predict their location in real-time. Chinese state media stated that, “the ground stations in the Antarctic scientific research base would help China’s eight marine observation satellites scout for marine resources exploitation, monitor the ecology of coastal zones and marine disasters, and develop China’s maritime economy.” However, some nations have expressed concerns that China could use the ground stations for espionage.

Iran To Supply China With 15,000 Drones, Official Says

February 09, 2023 | Middle East Monitor

According to the UK-based news outlet, Iran International, an unnamed advisor to Iran's Intelligence Minister revealed at a ceremony at Qazvin International University that China is in the "queue" to receive 15,000 Iranian drones. Tehran has also been found providing Moscow with drone’s months before Russia launched its invasion.

China to Export Type 052D Destroyers, Signalling More Advanced Ships in the Pipeline: Analyst

February 12, 2023 | South China Morning Post

According to this report, China intends to export its Type 052D missile guided destroyers to allow for the production of more advanced warships. The report states that this decision will make the Type 052D the most powerful anti-aircraft vessel on the market. The export version will be designated as Type 052DE. Sales are expected to be low because of the price of the vessel. China's usual customers such as Pakistan will only be able to afford few of the vessels.

DR Congo Buys Nine Chinese Attack Drones for Use in War Against M23 Rebels

February 23, 2023 | China Global South Project

This article highlights an article in Africa Intelligence newspaper, which reports that the Congolese government has purchased nine Chinese-made CH-4 attack drones to the fight against the M23 rebels in the eastern DRC. The first batch of three drones will be delivered in April 2023, and the rest to be shipped later this year. The new CH-4s will be deployed to the South Kavumu military airport within range of the battle zone.

Chinese Defense Sector

Industry Report on China's UAV Industry Indentifies Geopolitical Risks and Potential Delays in R&D and Delivery Amidst High Growth Potential

February 01, 2023 | Sina Finance

A UAV industry research report by Everbright Securities Co. Ltd. points to potential negative impacts on UAV exports due to the geopolitical shift among other risks of delays in delivery and R&D. The report also acknowledges China among the tier 1 suppliers for the global UAV market and high growth potential in the next 5-10 years, sustained by ample orders from the market.

China’s New Stealth Drone May Revolutionize Next-Gen Fighter

February 10, 2023 | Asia Times

China has reportedly been testing a new stealth drone design that will allow fighter jets to function without moving control surfaces. The new stealth technology is active flow control (AFC) technology, which uses bursts of high-pressure air from actuators embedded in the aircraft’s body for maneuvering. It is speculated that China may use the new AFC technology in its sixth generation fighters.

Chinese Scientists ‘Develop’ Hypersonic Generator That Can Power Military Lasers, Rail Guns & High Energy Microwave Weapons

February 05, 2023 | Eurasian Times

According to this report, researchers in China claim they have developed a "generator that transforms hot gas traveling at hypersonic speeds into a strong electric current that can power cutting-edge futuristic weapons." According to the researchers, this technology can be used to power "military lasers, rail guns, and microwave weapons, which consume considerable electricity."

China Successfully Tests Prototype Hypersonic Jet Engine Capable of 79% Working Efficiency at Mach 6

February 14, 2023 | 163 News

This report claims that the PLA National University of Defense Technology developed prototype jet engine achieved a stunning combustion efficiency of 79% in a simulated Mach 6 flight, almost double of that of any competitor design. The technology is potentially capable of massive speed and range increase for future air-breathing hypersonic weapons that can strike anywhere in one hour.

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

China Reveals Tailless Concept for Next-Generation Fighter Jet

February 01, 2023 | Global Times

State-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) released a promotional video on Chinese social media featuring computer generated images showing what analysts speculated that it might be China’s next-generation fighter jet. In the video, the aircraft looked like the J-20 stealth fighter jet, but with “no canards, tails or fins, and the diamond-shaped wings appeared bigger than those of the J-20.” A tailless design will give the sixth-generation fighter jet superior stealth capability compared to the current fifth-generation jets, and a blended wing body design will provide “higher lift, longer range and lower fuel consumption.”

Propaganda Video Shows China's J-10 Fighter Jets Undergoing Mid-life Extension Program with New AESA Upgrade

February 01, 2023 | Sohu News

Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) officially announced the beginning of service life extension program for J-10 fighters which will upgrade the avionics with JKL-24 X-band AESA. The new radar system together with other upgrades including new datalink will enable the replacement of PL-8 and PL-12 missiles with PL-10 and PL-15, a significant upgrade in air-to-air combat capabilities.

PLA Discloses YJ-21 ASM Capabilities: Sustained Mach 6 Flight with Mach 10 Terminal Speed

February 15, 2023 | Sohu

This commentary piece refers to an official disclosure of the YJ-21's hypersonic antiship missile capability in late January by the PLA Strategic Support Command on Chinese social media, Weibo. It claims the rocket-boosted hypersonic glider of YJ-21 can maintain most of the flight at Mach 6 and reach Mach 10 in terminal phase, limiting U.S. warships' anti-missile defense capabilities.

China Develops Active Decoys Used as Penetration Aids for ICBMs to Overwhelm Enemy Missile Defenses

February 23, 2023 | Weibo

This social media post translates and summarizes a report by South China Morning Post on a recent computer simulation conducted by the PLA of a tactic to confuse ballistic missile defense radars and prompt the enemy to waste interceptors. This tactic utilizes three active decoys delivered by an ICBM that emit fake radar signals to create "phantom targets" for ground-based long range early warning radars such as the Long Range Discrimination Radar (LRDR) deployed in Alaska and Hawaii.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

China Aids Russia’s War in Ukraine, Trade Data Shows

February 04, 2023 | Wall Street Journal

According to Wall Street Journal’s review of Russian customs data, Chinese state-owned defense companies are supplying the Russia’s military in the Russia-Ukraine War. The customs records show the Chinese defense companies are shipping navigation equipment, jamming technology and jet-fighter parts to sanctioned Russian government-owned defense companies. Also, the data shows that Russia is importing dual-use technology such as semiconductors from China that is essential for modern warfare. For example, the article states that “China’s state-owned defense company Poly Technologies on Aug. 31, 2022, shipped navigation equipment to Russia's state-owned military export firm JSC Rosoboronexport for M-17 military transport helicopters. Also, Chinese electronics firm Fujian Nanan Baofeng Electronic Co. supplied to Rosoboronexport—through an Uzbek state-owned defense firm—a telescoping antenna for the RB-531BE military vehicle, which is used for communications jamming. On Oct. 24, Chinese state-owned aircraft firm AVIC International Holding Corp. shipped to AO Kret, a subsidiary of sanctioned government-owned defense giant Rostec, $1.2 million worth of parts for Su-35 jet fighters."

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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