Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

May 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during April 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Private Military Security Companies

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Senegal Parades New Chinese Reconnaissance Vehicles

April 06, 2023 | Janes

According to this report, Senegal has received at least four armored vehicles from China. The equipment is reportedly a "non-amphibious version of the CS/VN3C" produced by China North Industries Group Corporation (NORINCO).

China Confirms Negotiations Underway with D.R. Congo for Fighter Jet Purchase

April 09, 2023 | iFeng

In reference to a Weibo post by the chief editor of Weapons magazine, a delegation from China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) accompanied by PLA officers arrived in Democratic Republic of Congo to promote the sale of JF-17 and J-10 fighter jets.

Thailand in the Process of Receiving Amphibious Landing Ship from China

April 10, 2023 | Global Times

China recently confirmed that the Type-071ET Landing Platform/Dock (LPD) that was ordered in 2019 by Royal Thailand Navay has left the port for Thailand. This marked the first time of China exporting large the amphibious ship,

United Arab Emirates Shows Interest in Chinese-Made VN-20 IFV Infantry Fighting Vehicle

April 20, 2023 | Army Recognition

This article highlights the UAE has reportedly expressed interest in the Chinese-made VN-20 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV). The VN-20 IFV is said to have been unveiled at the China Airshow in Zhuhai in 2022. It is reportedly "based on a modified tracked chassis of the VT4 Main Battle Tank (MBT), with additional armor mounted on the front and sides of the hull."

Chinese Defense Sector

China Is Working on A New High-Speed Combat Drone to Pair with Its J-20 Stealth Fighter

April 01, 2023 | South China Morning Post

This article highlights China is developing a new unmanned combat aerial vehicle, known as the FH-97A, to operate alongside its most advanced stealth fighter jet, the J-20 Mighty Dragon. According to a report in the latest edition of Naval and Merchant Ships magazine, “the pairing of the FH-97A and the J-20 will free up the J-20 from frontline combat tasks so that it can specialize in functions such as command and control, data distribution and interruption of communication.”

New Chinese Carrier Concept Looks A Lot Like U.S. Navy’s Ford Class

April 07, 2023 | The Drive

This report discusses a design from the Chinese defense firm Jiangnan Shipyard showing a new Chinese aircraft carrier. The design is similar to the U.S. Navy Ford class of aircraft carriers and different from the Fujian aircraft carrier which is currently under construction.

China Urged to Speed Up Self-Reliance in Military Tech as Western Sanctions Render Old Model ‘Unsustainable’

April 11, 2023 | South China Morning Post

This report discusses an article in a state-backed magazine that urged China to achieve military self-reliance in order to forestall the effect of Western sanctions. The researcher urged Chinese defense establishments to innovate, rather than imitate the weapons developed by other countries. China plans to develop a "fully modernized military by 2035 and become a world-class military power by 2049."

Inspired By US Tech & Powered By Russian Engines, China ‘Unveils’ Y-20B Aircraft With Indigenous WS-20 Engines

April 09, 2023 | Eurasian Times

According to this report, the WS-20 engine is now being used on the Chinese Y-20 transport aircraft. The report claims that Y-20 aircraft with the WS-20 engine may have entered service with the PLAAF, but it also says that there are no serial numbers on the Y-20 aircraft that is circulating on the media.

China Army Receives New CS/SA5 SPAAG Gun/Missiles Air Defense Vehicles

April 19, 2023 | Army Recognition

This article highlights a video showing the 71st Air Defense Brigade of the 71st Group Army of the People's Liberation Army receiving new military equipment including an improved version of the CS/SA5 Self-Propelled Anti-Aircraft Gun (SPAAG). The CS/SA5 SPAAG is a based on new 8x8 armored vehicle developed and designed by the China North Industries Group Corporation Limited (NORINCO). It is designed to provide close-range air defense for ground forces against various aerial threats such as low-flying aircraft, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Also, the CS/SA5 can serve as a ground support weapon, showcasing its flexible capabilities in the mobile air defense system.

Leaked US Intel Suggests First Chinese WZ-8 Drone Unit Established

April 21, 2023 | Naval News

According to this report, leaked US intelligence documents suggest that China has established a supersonic drone unit which will conduct intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaisance (ISR) missions. The WZ-8 drone is expected to operate in a similar manner as the Lockheed Skunk Works D-21 drone. The WZ-8 drone is reportedly designed to provide "penetrating ISR capability against time-sensitive targets."

China’s Arms Exports Declined by 23% in 10 Years, Signaling Stockpiling

April 20, 2023 | Vanguard

This report suggests that the drop in Chinese arms exports could be a sign of stockpiling at home. The current Russia-Ukraine War and the disputes with India around the Line of Actual Control are cited as possible factors contributing to China's weapon stockpiling. The report adds that China could be stockpiling for an invasion of Taiwan, and it may also be stockpiling to supply the Russian military.

PLA Navy Officially Announced Upgraded Catapult-Capable J-15 Fighter Jet

April 25, 2023 | Sohu

In the official 74th PLA Navy Anniversary celebration video circulating on major Chinese news outlets, the PLA Navy showcased the J-15T, an upgraded variant of J-15 carrier-based multi-role fighter jet. The J-15T model features a new nose cone, which is speculated to be an advanced active electronically scanned array system for multi-target engagement, as well as reinforced landing gears for catapult launch.

Chinese Private Military Security Companies

What China’s Global Security Initiative Tells Us About Its Strategic Engagement with Latin America

April 04, 2023 | The Diplomat

This article discusses what China’s new Global Security Initiative (GSI) means for engagement with Latin America. The new GSI openly highlights the explicitly military and other strategic dimensions of its approach toward Latin America. Highlights from the GSI include new global forums and governance mechanisms in which the PRC would play a role in domains such as cybersecurity, biosecurity, and counterterrorism. Most notable is the PRC intent to expand its use of “people-to-people” engagement as a tool in the security space, focusing on more trainings with military and police academies in the PRC over the next five years. China’s Global Security Initiative provides confirmation of the policy intent behind expanding PRC security engagement in recent years, including initiatives such as arms sales and donations of vehicles and other equipment to both police and military forces.

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Iran Air Force Colonel Shows Off China Visit and Training On Social Media, Speculated as Implying Interest

April 20, 2023 | Tencent News

This article discusses an Iranian colonel showcasing pictures taken during his visit to China where he received training for piloting J-10 and J-11 fighters. The article claims this to be a tacit expression of interest in Chinese fighter jets by Iran despite its recent purchase of Su-35s from Russia.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Ukraine Says It Is Finding More Chinese Components in Russian Weapons

April 16, 2023 | Reuters

This article discusses a statement by Vladyslav Vlasiuk, who advises the Ukrainian President's chief of staff on sanctions policy, in which he claims that Ukrainian forces are finding a growing number of components from China in Russian weapons used in Ukraine. Chinese-made components were found in a navigation system in Orlan aerial drones that were previously used a Swiss system. Ukrainian military experts also reported finding Chinese parts in the fire control system in Russian tanks that had earlier used French-made parts. Vlasiuk identified some of the manufacturers and suppliers, namely China North Industries Group (NORINCO) and Xinxing Guangzhou Import & Export Corporation.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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