Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

July 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during June 2023. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Thailand Weighs Accepting Chinese Engine in Submarine Deal

June 15, 2023 | Nikkei Asia

This article reports that Thailand is considering a Chinese engine for a submarine it plans to purchase from China after Germany has refused to supply an engine. Thailand agreed in 2017 to purchase a submarine from China. But the plan came to a halt a year after Germany objected to the use of its products for Chinese military exports. China's state-owned submarine producer alternatively offered a Chinese-made engine for the submarine, which Thailand resisted due to quality concerns. Thai navy officials and Chinese authorities will meet and discuss the submarine deal later this month. In preparation for the Chinese substitute, Thailand has sought information from Pakistan about the quality of its Chinese-made submarine fleet, the defense ministry sources said. Security analysts say China has been lobbying the Thai navy to accept the Chinese submarine engine.

Moroccan Air Forces Get Training on Wing Loong Il Drones

June 13, 2023 | Barlaman Today

Moroccan air forces reportedly received an intensive training from China on how to operate the Chinese-made Wing Loong Il drones. Pictures of certificates of training completion have been circulating on the internet. In May, there was also reportedly a ceremony marking the completion of the training on the unmanned aircraft system that was held in Chengdu, China. The Wing Loong drone system, acquired by Morocco since 2022, are manufactured by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). It is designed primarily for “intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and is remotely piloted via mobile ground control station.”

Iraq Next in Line to Procure Chinese-Made JF-17 Fighter Jets?

June 13, 2023 | Indian Defense Research Wing

This report claims that open source intelligence from Pakistan suggests that Iraq may become the fourth operator of the JF-17 fighter jet. Iraq and Pakistan have announced plans to increase their military cooperation. Iraq has also reportedly expressed interest in purchasing 12 JF-17 block 3 jets, in addition to the 14 Rafale jets it intends to purchase from French manufactuer Dassault Aviation.

Modeled J-20 and J-31 Stealth Fighter on Display Overseas for the First Time at Paris Air Show with Speculated Possibility for Export

June 20, 2023 | Xinhua News

During the Paris Air Show, models of Chinese-made J-20 and J-31 along with cargo transport, bombers, combat drones and airborne early warning and control aircraft were on exhibition. This news was shared by multiple Chinese news outlets which described the exhibition as a demonstration of China's proficiency in "surface attack, strategic projection and integrated support in a informatized and complex battle environment." Chinese military bloggers are speculating the possibility of China exporting these stealth fighters to compete with the F-35.

Chinese-made Artillery Shells Revealed in the Possession of Russian Forces in Ukraine

June 27, 2023 | Twitter

A photo allegedly released by a combatant from an artillery unit of the Russian Armed Forces shows Chinese-made Type 66 HE-frag projectile in the posession of Russian forces in Ukraine, together with what seems to be propellant charges made by Iran.

DRC receives CH-4 drones from China

June 30, 2023 | Military Africa

According to the report, the DRC has acquired nine CH-4 drones from China for its counterinsurgency operations against the M23 rebels. The CH-4 drones are said to be an attractive alternative because they are less expensive and have less stringent conditions attached to their sale. Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, and Nigeria are some of the other countries that have purchased the UAV.

Chinese Defense Sector

China's Record-Breaking Mach 30 Wind Tunnel Harnesses Timed Explosions

June 15, 2023 | New Atlas

This article discusses an announcement by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) that the world's fastest hypersonic wind tunnel is in operation. The wind tunnel will allow aerodynamic testing for aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles up to Mach 30 air speed. The report states that "some foreign analysts regard the facility as the likely location of China’s scramjet engine hypersonic wind tunnel tests.”

PLA Deploys New-Type Recon Aircraft as US, Japanese Carriers Hold Drills East of Taiwan Island

June 11, 2023 | Global Times

The Chinese People's Liberation Army claims it deployed a new type of reconnaisance aircraft for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaisance of the U.S. and its allies as they conducted naval exercises in the waters to the east of Taiwan. According to the report, Japan confirmed sighting a PLA Y-9 reconnaisance aircraft "different from previously spotted models."

PLA Equips Z-10 Attack Helicopter with Rocket Pods for Guided Rockets

June 21, 2023 | Sina News

The official media outlets of Chinese People's Liberation Army recently released a report with photos depicting Z-10 attack helicopters equipped with a new rocket pod with the capacity of 7 rockets. The new rocket pod is reported to be compatible with GR5 "Fire Snake 70A" guided rocket. The rocket plays a similar role as APKWS II fielded by the U.S.

Suspected Construction of Massive New Manufacturing Facility Underway at Shenyang Aircraft Corporation

June 10, 2023 | Twitter

In reference to a Chinese social media post on Weibo, a Twitter thread with screenshots of an alleged bidding agreement for a new construction project claims that this is for the new manufacturing facility planned for Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, the manufacturer of J-35. The screenshots suggest the project was scheduled to begin on June 19th 2022 and completion expected by late June 2025.

China's Newly Developed WS-15 Turbo-fan Engines Take First Flight onboard Latest J-20 Variant

June 30, 2023 | Guancha

Multiple Chinese news outlets and social media account, in reference to a Warzone report on a recent sighting, discuss the first flight of China's newly developed WS-15 turbo-fan jet engines test flown onboard an enhanced variant of J-20 fighter. Some analyses suggest WS-15 can offer at least 36,000 pounds of thrust with a thrust-to-weight ratio rivaling that of the F-119 engine of the F-22.

China Makes Breakthroughs in Unmanned Ship Technologies

June 26, 2023 | Global Times

The report claims that Chinese-developed unmanned ships are undergoing trials in China. The report adds that China is at the cutting edge of unmanned ship technologies.

China Expands Fleet of Anti-Submarine Z-20F Helicopters

June 28, 2023 | Janes

According to the report, the PLA has ordered for additional Z-20F helicopters from Harbin Aircraft Industry Group. The Z-20 is said to have derived its design from the Sikorsky S-70C/UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. China is said to have developed a multirole naval variant, the Z-20S, and an anti-submarine warefare variant, the Z-20F.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

German Fighter Pilots ‘Plot’ Attacking Taiwan For Beijing; China Lures More Western Aviators To Train The PLA

June 03, 2023 | Eurasian Times

According to this report, former German fighter pilots have been instructing Chinese pilots for years through companies based in Seychelles. Citing a report in Der Spiegel, this report mentions the possibility that "top secret military information" might have been shared by the pilots.

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Retired PLA Enlists in Russian PMC Wagner Group and Shares Videos

June 06, 2023 | Twitter

A Chinese national and alleged former PLA member posted a series of videos about him enlisting in the Wagner Group on Chinese social media. This quickly went viral on overseas social media like Twitter. The video shows the PLA member showing off his contract paperwork and dorm room.

Measures Impacting Sanctions

US Cracks Down on Flight Training for Chinese Military Pilots with Export Restrictions

June 13, 2023 | South China Morning Post

On June 19, 2023, the Biden administration added 43 entities to an export control list, including Frontier Services Group Ltd, a security and aviation company, for training Chinese military pilots and other activities that threaten US national security. The Test Flying Academy of South Africa, a flight school under scrutiny by authorities in Britain for recruiting British ex-military pilots to train Chinese military fliers, was also added to the list. In addition to recruiting Western pilots to train People’s Liberation Army pilots on Western aircraft maneuvers, companies were added to the list for acquiring US-origin items for China’s military modernization, including hypersonic weapons development and hypersonic flight modelling.

Contacts

Cortney Weinbaum

weinbaum@rand.org

Senior Management Scientist

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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