Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

March 2022

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during February 2022. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

UAE to Buy a Dozen Chinese L-15 Trainer Aircraft

February 25, 2022 | Defense News

The United Arab Emirates signed an agreement to acquire L-15 trainer/light combat aircraft from China National Aero-Technology Import and Export Corporation. A retired Emirati general stated the purchase was part of "UAE’s approach to diversify its sources of weapons."

Egypt: China and Military-industrial Agreement

February 21, 2022 | Tactical Report

Egypt's Abu Zaabal Company for Engineering Industries is reportedly negotiating an agreement with "Chinese Poly Technologies (PolyTech) for a Transfer of Technology (ToT)...over various military-industrial projects."

Nigeria Probes Airstrike Accident But Widens Its Arms Suppliers

February 21, 2022 | The Africa Report

Defense specialists predict China will be the largest military equipment supplier to Nigeria between 2020 and 2024. Nigeria ordered more NORINCO tanks in late 2021, adding to the CS/VP3 Bigfoot MRAPs it acquired from China's Poly Technolgies in 2014, and this further complicates Nigeria's arms market.

China Launches Fighter-Trainer Aircraft Blitz at Singapore Air Show

February 17, 2022 | Defense World

China exhibited several fighter-trainer jets at the Singapore Airshow, including the JF-17, L-15, FTC-2000G and K-8. The article notes that Myanmar showed interest in AVIC's L-15 light fighter-trainer, and other potential customers include Vietnam, Brunei, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.

Indian Media: Pakistan Exports Various Types of Military Equipment to Myanmar, Looking Forward to Becoming a Sales Channel for Chinese Weapons

February 14, 2022 | Baidu

A delegation from Myanmar's Military Procurement Bureau visited Pakistan to discuss the purchase of upgraded JF-17 Block III aircraft and air-to-surface missiles, potentially opening a new sales channel for Chinese weapons.

China’s Penetration Into South America: A Case Study of Argentina

February 10, 2022 | Modern Diplomacy

This article looks at China's growing cooperation with Argentina in areas including defense and military-technical cooepration. An analyst quoted in the piece highlighted that "Chinese arms companies, such as the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), China National Electronics Import & Export Corp (CEIEC) and China’s North Industries Corporation (NORINCO) have expanded their position in Latin America and the Caribbean arms markets." In addition to the possible JF-17 deal with Argentina, China hopes to get the contract for construction of a polar logistics ship.

After Buying Drones and Missiles! Will Iraq Place Another Order With China? This Is the Hongqi 9B of Foreign Trade!

February 08, 2022 | QQ

Iraq reportedly announced it will purchase China's Xiaolong FC-1 fighter and is in negotiations to purchase China's FT2000B air defense systems.

Chinese Defense Sector

Reversal of Strength: Russia Has Exported 16 Ships to China, Will It Purchase 40,000 Ton Giant Ships?

February 11, 2022 | Sohu

A Russian article sparked discussions in both countries over Russia's potential need for Chinese ships. The article suggests that Russia could benefit most from China's 40,000-ton Type 075 amphibious assault ship.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Do Svidaniya China! Why Russian Invasion of Ukraine Is Terrible News for Beijing’s Counterfeit Weapons Industry

February 25, 2022 | EurAsian Times

This article highlights that "Beijing’s copycat arms industry depends considerably on some of Ukraine’s most valuable defense enterprises," noting Ukraine's role as a "supplier of Russian subsystems and weaponry."

Pakistan Finds Main Battle Tanks and Artillery Guns From China Faulty

February 24, 2022 | Economic Times

Pakistan is "facing quality and reliability issues with newly inducted Chinese equipment, with a main battle tank failing post delivery tests and a freshly procured heavy artillery gun facing multiple technical issues during firing trials." NORINCO has had significant delays supplying the SH-15 artillery system.

China to Set Up a Massive Missile Facility in Bangladesh as Beijing Continues to Encircle India, Arm Neighbours

February 19, 2022 | EurAsian Times

A Chinese company called Vanguard will reportedly construct in Bangladesh a maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facility for missile systems including the FM-90. The article notes a controversy due to systems malfunctioning, and "questions were then raised about the longevity of Chinese arms."

Malaysian Navy Finds Deficiencies in Ships Supplied by China

February 15, 2022 | ANI News

Malaysia has reportedly "found deficiencies in its Littoral Mission Ships supplied by China, which compromises mission objectives and forces the navy to look for new suppliers." Malaysia's Navy reportedly reached out to China Shipbuilding and Offshore International Corporation (CSOC) "listing the various defects and demanding their early resolution."

Chinese UCAVs Remain Popular, But Buyer Beware!

February 09, 2022 | Shephard Media

Out of 20 CH-4B UAVs purchased by Iraq, 8 crashed within the first few days of operation. Algeria also lost 3 CH-4B UAVs in their initial months of operation. Due to such incidents, Morocco, Nigeria, and Turkmenistan have moved from Chinese to Turkish UCAVs, and Jordan has put its Chinese-made UAVs up for sale. The article displays data from the blogsite Oryx showing incidents of Chinese UCAV crashes with photographic evidence. The CH-4B stands out as the most unreliable drone, with 21 crashes, while the Wing Loong-2 had 8 crashes and the Wing Loong-1 had 5.

China Selling Armed Drones to Stealthy Strategic Effect

February 01, 2022 | Asia Times

This article states that China's "rising drone exports can influence clients’ defense policies and position Beijing as an alternative strategic partner to the US." Algeria has reportedly ordered 6 CH-5 drones and Egypt is planning to acquire additional Wing Loong drones. Additionally, the piece notes that "China’s comparatively cheap drones and often flexible payment options are especially appealing to nations with limited defense budgets." Finally, the article highlights both that "China may withhold certain technologies and know-how from its clients to make them dependent for technical support and maintenance" and "Chinese drones in foreign service are also likely able to secretly relay information to Chinese intelligence agencies."

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Turkey Weighs Up Its Options With Fighter Jets

February 14, 2022 | Asia Times

Following its disqualification from the F-35 program, Turkey may seek to purchase China's J-10C Firebird fighter. Turkey is already a substantial partner of China's Belt and Road Initiative and may deepen its defense relationship with both China and Pakistan through the purchase of the J-10C.

Contacts

John V. Parachini

johnvp@rand.org

Senior International and Defense Researcher

Chandler Sachs

csachs@rand.org

Research Assistant

Tristan Finazzo

tfinazzo@rand.org

Research Assistant

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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