Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

May 2022

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during April 2022. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Are Iran and China Entering Into a New Era of Relations? - Analysis

April 28, 2022 | The Jerusalem Post

China's Minister of National Defense visited Tehran. The two sides are "in the midst of a new 25-year agreement that is supposed to enhance ties." The article says "it’s plausible that Tehran may seek parts from Beijing for its drone program."

Cotonou Wants Turkish Drones and Chinese Armaments to Defend Its Borders

April 26, 2022 | Africa Intelligence

Benin's armed forces are planning to acquire additional military systems. In February "a delegation from state-owned Chinese group Poly Technologies (PolyTech) travelled to Cotonou," and "the group already has a solid presence in Benin, where it built the armed forces' headquarters in Allada." The delegation also reportedly "offered to supply attack and transport helicopters."

Serbia Buys Chinese Weapons, Germany Threatens Immediately

April 14, 2022 | Observer Network

Germany warned Serbia that its consideration for membership in the EU may be jeopardized by its recent purchase of the Chinese FK-3 air defense missile system, an export variant of the HQ-22. Turkey and Bulgaria, NATO countries, approved the flight of China's Y-20 transport aircraft through their airspace for the delivery to Serbia. Serbia's president emphasized its preference for military independence over protection from NATO.

The Chinese Companies Trying to Buy Strategic Islands

April 11, 2022 | Financial Times

This article states "small businesses from China have scoured the globe for important strips of land." For example, China's Sam Enterprise Group "quietly negotiated a 75-year lease on Tulagi, an islet with a natural deepwater harbour in the Solomon Islands." An AVIC subsidiary, in another case, sent a letter to an official of a province in the Solomon Islands which said AVIC "intended to study 'opportunities to develop naval and infrastructure projects on leased land for the People’s Liberation Army Navy [ . . . ] with exclusive rights for 75 years.'"

After Massive UAE Deal, China Demonstrates ‘Raw Bombing Power’ of Its Fighters as Beijing Eyes More Foreign Buyers

April 07, 2022 | EurAsian Times

China recently signed an agreement to export L-15 trainer aircraft to the UAE. Zambia already has acquired the L-15, and "Uruguay and Venezuela have also expressed interest." The article notes that "it’s too soon to say if the L-15 will be a major export success, but sales of low-cost supersonic trainers/fighters could become a fascinating indicator of Beijing’s growing influence in Africa, Asia, and Latin America."

Analysis: Russia Sanctions Could Spur Chinese Arms Sales to Nigeria

April 01, 2022 | Al Jazeera

Ukraine's depleted weapons export capacity and global sanctions on Russian military entities may provide China with new opportunities for arms trade with Nigeria, a traditional buyer of both Russian and Ukrainian arms. Nigeria already received a batch of Wing Loong II drones in 2020 and 272 armored vehicles from China in 2021.

Chinese Defense Sector

Celestial Gifts (Поднебесные дары)

April 25, 2022 | Izvestiia

The article analyzes US claims on possible Russia-China cooperation. Deliveries of Chinese weapons to Russia are implausible for several reasons, according to the media. It claims Russia does not need it. If it did, it would need to pay for it and spend resources on retraining Russian soldiers to use this equipment. Such agreements usually take time while Russia reportedly plans to finish its 'special operation' in Ukraine in the near future.

China's Military Is Watching Closely to See How US-Made 'Tank-Killer' Drones Perform in Ukraine

April 11, 2022 | Business Insider

China is reportedly "watching closely to see how US-made 'tank-killer' drones perform in Ukraine." China has comparitive systems, including the CAST-made CH-901, the Wuhan Guide Infrared S570, the Shaanxi Zhongtian Rocket Technology-made ZT-25, and suicide drones from CASIC and NORINCO.

New Chinese Small Sat Manufacturing Capacity Could Have International Ramifications

April 06, 2022 | Space News

This report states there are "two new Chinese factories capable of producing hundreds of small satellites per year." One facility is under the China Academy of Space Technology, a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST). The other facility is owned by China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC). This piece highlights that "Wuhan National Aerospace Industrial Base is the center for CASIC’s space ambitions and...also hosts rocket manufacturing facilities and a host of other companies related to the supply chain."

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

South Asian Nations Beware!

April 24, 2022 | The Sentinel

China is making "strategic military sales like submarines to Bangladesh and Pakistan." Many nations in South and Southeast Asia "are unable to acquire expensive military technology from other reliable sources" and "procure seemingly inexpensive weapons and systems from the Chinese market." The article highlights that many nations "do not factor in the lifecycle costs and reliability factors of Chinese products" and nations have had to deal with "the poor quality and workmanship of these Chinese military weapons and systems."

Ukraine Sounds Alarm on Chinese Drones, Opening Skies to U.S. Startups

April 22, 2022 | The Wall Street Journal

Ukrainian government officials have expressed concerns about Chinese-made DJI drones being intentionally sabotaged to disrupt the country's defense against Russia. In response, the Ukrainian government has recommended limiting the use of DJI drones and have instead been relying on drones provided by U.S. startup companies.

Will China Gain Greater Arms Sales Because of Russia's War?

April 20, 2022 | ANI News

This article states that "with significant numbers of countries set to spurn Russia after its invasion of Ukraine, and unwilling to face consequent sanctions, new sales opportunities could arise for Beijing." It highlights a RAND study which noted "the design of Chinese defense contracts also does little to encourage transparency and accountability" and "the language of contracts is simplistic and perfunctory, without clear technical or schedule obligations."

"Held Hostage" By Engine Manufacturers, World’s Biggest Naval Power – China Struggles With Submarine Tech

April 17, 2022 | EurAsian Times

Despite its "mammoth shipbuilding industry," China "is facing a crisis that questions its naval supremacy." China recently made a deal to export submarines to Thailand. The deal may be canceled, however, as Thailand's PM does not want Chinese engines on the submarine, after China could not acquire the German-made engines originally specified in the agreement. Engine technology and development is an area that China struggles. A similar situation is occurring with China's submarine deal with Pakistan, and "China’s inability to supply the submarine with the original engine may jeopardize its future submarine sales prospects."

Measures Impacting Sanctions

Chinese Venture Aims to Skirt US Sanctions: Expert

April 18, 2022 | Taipei Times

China's Guangzhou Haige Communications Group and Poly Group, two entities that support China's military, have developed a new venture "to secure high-end military technology by circumventing US sanctions." A Taiwan-based think tank researcher stated that "the planned fund is expected to serve as a platform for the Chinese military to enhance its technology competition with the US, which could help Beijing skirt Washington’s sanctions and even secure technology from the US."

Contacts

John V. Parachini

johnvp@rand.org

Senior International and Defense Researcher

Chandler Sachs

csachs@rand.org

Research Assistant

Tristan Finazzo

tfinazzo@rand.org

Research Assistant

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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