Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

June 2022

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during May 2022. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Cambodia Boosts Artillery Firepower With Chinese Help

May 31, 2022 | Shephard Media

China's NORINCO recently delivered "SH1 155mm truck-mounted howitzers as well as AR2 300mm and Type 90B 122mm multiple rocket launchers (MRL)" to the Royal Cambodian Army.

Hong Kong Media: Hong Kong Police Purchased Domestic "Saber-Toothed Tiger" Armored Vehicles, All Glass Can Be Bulletproof

May 29, 2022 | Global Times

Hong Kong media reported that the Hong Kong police added new, fourth-generation "saber-toothed tiger" armored vehicles, equipped with armored glass. The armored vehicles are used by mainland Chinese police and are a product of the domestic manufacturer Huakai Vehicles.

Major US Defense Contractors Maintain China Ties Despite Increasing Tensions

May 16, 2022 | Fox Business

Companies including Raytheon (and subsidiaries Pratt and Whitney and Collins Aerospace), Bell Textron, and Boeing "continue to maintain relationships with firms tied to the Chinese government." The Chinese firms highlighted in the piece with whom these contractors have relationships include AVIC, Xi'an Aircraft Industry Group, and China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC).

China Expands Defence Supplies With African States

May 12, 2022 | Economic Times

Data from Boston University shows that China "signed 27 loan deals with eight African countries worth $3.5 billion between 2000 and 2020 for defence spending." While Zambia was the top recipient ($2.1 billion), other nations that received loans include Ghana, Cameroon, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Sudan. Both AVIC and Poly Technologies have been lenders for these deals.

Chinese Defense Sector

Brazil Prepares International Competition for Armed Recon Vehicle

May 27, 2022 | Defense News

Brazil is beginning the acquisition process for an eight-wheeled armored recon vehicle. China's NORINCO has reportedly expressed its interest in the acquisition and offered the ST1 system.

Argentine Air Force Tests JF-17 Warplanes

May 24, 2022 | Merco Press

This article highlights that "a delegation of Argentine Air Force (FAA) officers has visited China's National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) to further evaluate that country's JF-17 Thunder jets for a possible purchase."

China Hones Its Air Combat Skills With Help From Renegade Western Pilots

May 23, 2022 | Intelligence Online

A small South African firm known as the Test Flight Academy of South Africa, in partnership with AVIC, "recruits former Western air force pilots by offering them attractive salaries and then sends them to China." The article highlights that this can "enable China's PLA, which is looking to obtain skills and information from the Western armed forces."

McKinsey & Co. Worked With Russian Weapons Maker Even As It Advised Pentagon

May 21, 2022 | NBC News

While consulting for the DoD and U.S. intelligence community, consulting firm McKinsey and Co. had Russia's state-owned military-industrial corporation Rostec as a client. McKinsey also reportedly has a singificant presence in China, working with state-owned enterprises there, as well.

Not "Business As Usual": The Chinese Military's Visit to Iran

May 16, 2022 | Middle East Institute

This report on relations between Beijing and Tehran highlights "troubling trendlines" in areas like "arms transfers; drone, dual-use, and missile technologies; and cyber and intelligence capabilities." The piece notes that "Iran's defense industry continues to show interest in Chinese weapons, specifically fighter jets," and says that a "jets-for-energy barter is not out of the question."

Circuit Breakers: Securing Europe's Green Energy Supply Chains

May 12, 2022 | Rhodium Group

Europe's "reliance on China for the energy technologies of the future poses a similar problem" to its reliance on Russian oil and gas. The article highlights several deals in Europe, including "the largest wind farm in Croatia opened in the coastal town of Senj, constructed and run by Chinese company Norinco International." The article highlights that NORINCO "which is providing both capital and hardware, is not only a Chinese state-owned industrial giant, but also a major defence company and supplier of weapons and equipment to the Chinese People’s Liberation Army."

Australia's Huge Snub to China and Russia As the Country Rips Up Their Invites to a Major Weapons Summit

May 10, 2022 | Daily Mail

Australia's Navy "banned China and Russia from a major international military summit in a bitter snub amid rising tensions with the two powers." This expo was the "Indo Pacific 2022 International Maritime Exposition...with arms dealers from more than 700 defence companies across the globe showing off the latest cutting-edge Navy technology."

How China Supplies Russia's Military

May 09, 2022 | The Diplomat

The article discusses a conversation with a senior international relations lecturer at the University of South Wales, Sydney that describes the history of Chinese-Russian military cooperation and how this relationship has grown more interdependent and reciprocal since 2014. While China has imported a number of Russian defense systems, Russia and China are now collaborating on a number of joint production programs such as "aircraft engines and anti-aircraft weapons" including the effort to modernize "the Russian Klimov RD-33 turbofan engine." In addition, Russia looks to China for various components ranging from naval diesel engines, to replace German engines, to drone technologies and composite materials.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

China's Arms Sales Diplomacy Failing Due to Trust Deficit in Beijing's Defence Contracts

May 27, 2022 | The Print

This article in The Print cites a RAND Corporation study which "indicates a fall in Chinese defence contracts due to lack in transparency and less sophisticated parts vis-a-vis Western technologies in manufacturing weapons." It does not provide the title or authors from the study.

China Remains Wary of Bangladesh Diversifying Its Defense Supplies

May 11, 2022 | The Print

China is reportedly "wary of Dhaka diversifying its defense supplies and acquiring quality defense items from India, Europe and the US." The article states the "Bangladesh Navy has reportedly complained to Chinese companies supplying spare parts for its corvettes, petrol crafts and inshore patrol vehicles about manufacturing defects and technical problems." Additionally NORINCO "conveyed its inability to supply spare parts of main battle tanks that had been purchased from China in 2012 and 2013 ostensibly due to the COVID-19 situation." The article highlights concerns expressed by Bangladesh about the costs of arms to a company called China Vanguard Industry Corporation.

Contacts

John V. Parachini

johnvp@rand.org

Senior International and Defense Researcher

Chandler Sachs

csachs@rand.org

Research Assistant

Tristan Finazzo

tfinazzo@rand.org

Research Assistant

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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