Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

December 2022

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ('Pterodactyl') unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during November 2022. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

China Is Preparing to Sell the SY-400 Missile System, Called an Alternative to the Iskander-M, to an African Country (Китай готовится продать называемую альтернативой «Искандера-М» ракетную систему SY-400 африканскому государству)

November 29, 2022 | Military Review

The article discusses reports that China is negotiating the sale of its SY-400 short-range ballistic missile system to Algeria. Although Algeria has been purchasing Russian weapons for many years, this is not the first time when it has considered China instead. The missile system is considered to be an alternative to Russia's Iskander-M. The article believes that the likelihood of purchase is quite high.

Nigeria Enlists Drones for Border Security and Crime Fighting

November 29, 2022 | Defense Web

The article reports that Nigeria 'recently' took deliveries of four AR-500B shipborne unmanned helicopters and other UAVs from China. China is also reportedly supplying Wing Loong II, CH-3, and CH-4 UAVs to the Nigerian Airforce.

Chinese Missiles Attract Morocco's Interest

November 29, 2022 | Atalayar

The article reports that Morocco is in talks with China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation to purchase "Chinese-made precision-guided missiles and bombs." Morocco is also negotiating the purchase of Wing Loong I and Wing Loong II UAVs. The report adds that Morocco's defense spending is $11 billion this year, up from $5.1 billion last year.

China Secured $39.8 USD Contracts at Zhuhai Air Show

November 17, 2022 | Sina News

This article highlights a previously unheard Chinese private company called "Loong" that has reportedly won contracts worth $500 million in export sales of small drones with ISR and strike capabilities from twelve countries at the Zhuhai Air Show. This demonstrated a successful civil-military fushion of technologies and a robust market demand for low-end expendable drones.

Egypt in Talks with China to Procure HQ-17AE Mobile Air Defense Missile Systems

November 13, 2022 | Army Recognition

The report mentions that Egypt is in talks with China to purchase HQ-17AE mobile air defense missile system, the export version of the Chinese HQ-17.

China’s Latin America Move

November 07, 2022 | Forbes

This article discusses China’s growing influence in Latin America. Aside from economic investments and interest in raw materials, “China has found a ready market for Chinese military equipment and training to police forces in the region.” For example, between 2009 and 2019, China sold around $165 million in military equipment to Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador, including aircraft, air defense radar, and small arms.

China Increases Support for Pakistan’s Naval Modernization with an Eye on the Indian Ocean

November 03, 2022 | The Jamestown Foundation

This article discusses how in recent years China-Pakistan military cooperation has become more focused on Pakistan’s naval forces. Beijing has enhanced its support for Pakistan’s naval modernization to strengthen China-Pakistan cooperation in safeguarding BRI sea routes and addressing the security challenges facing China in the Indian Ocean Region. The author states that “a modern naval base at Gwadar could enable the PLA Navy to patrol sea-lanes and monitor naval patrols by the U.S. in the Indian Ocean.” Moreover, a strong Pakistan Navy equipped with advanced frigates and other weapons from Beijing would “help ensure the security of Chinese oil imports coming from the Persian Gulf and attain control of the sea-lanes traversing the Indian Ocean.”

Over 200 Chinese CH-4 Drones Sold on International Market; New Facility To Expand Production Capacity: Manufacturer

November 02, 2022 | Global Times

According to Chinese state media, China's CH series unmanned aerial vehicle, the CH-4 drone, has sold more than 200 units on the international market. With increasing market demand, the CH UAV company is expanding its production capacity by building a production line in Taizhou, East China's Zhejiang Province, which will be fully operating by 2023.

Chinese Defense Sector

China's Intercontinental Military Drone Wing Loong-3 Can Fly 6,200 Miles with Air-To-Air Missiles

November 29, 2022 | Interesting Engineering

The article discusses China's new Wing Loong 3 drone which is capable of carrying out intercontinental strikes. The Wing Loong drones are intended for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), but "can be deployed for combative roles when fitted with air-to-surface missiles."

World-Class Production Lines Speed Up Deliveries of China’s J-20 Stealth Jet Fighter

November 29, 2022 | South China Morning Post

China is reportedly "using world-class pulsating production lines to speed up deliveries of its advanced J-20 Mighty Dragon stealth jet fighters." Chinese defense and military experts attribute the drive to increase in production of J-20 jet fighters to balancing against the US' increasing deployment of F-22 Raptor air-superiority fighters in the region.

China J-15 Jet Spotted with Domestic Engine Instead of Russia-Made One

November 28, 2022 | C4ISR net

The article reports that China appears to now be fitting its J-15 aircrafts with domestically made WS-10 engines instead of the Russian-made AL-31F engines, previously used. The use of Chinese-made WS-10 engines on the J-10 and J-15 jets signals that China is "confident with the performance and reliability of the engine." The WS-10 engine is also "powering production examples" of the J-20, J-11B, and J-16 jets.

China and Pakistan's JF-17 May Soon Be the Most Widely Operated Chinese Combat Aircraft Around the World

November 24, 2022 | Business Insider

The article discusses the growing interest in the JF-17 aircraft, jointly developed by China and Pakistan. About 145 JF-17 jets are in service in Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan. With estimates of as many as 185 JF-17s worldwide by the middle of the decade, the JF-17 is expected to be the most widely used Chinese fighter jet overseas by the end of 2023.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Chinese Manufactured Fighter Jets Abandoned by Myanmar Air Force due to Quality Issues

November 29, 2022 | Radio Free Asia

Four years after entering service, the JF-17 fighters in Myanmar Air Force are almost all abandoned or suspended from flight. This is reportedly due to quality issues and supply issues with spare parts due to Western sanctions.

Pakistan Twisted and Torn Between US and Chinese Arms

November 19, 2022 | Asia Times

The article reports that weapons systems Pakistan acquired from China suffer from reliability issues. The article cites a recent report which found that frigates acquired from China suffered from "faulty electronics, serious engine defects and non-functional weapons," leading Pakistan to operate ships "with degraded capabilities." These reliability issues have been credited as the motivation for Pakistan to maintain its defense ties with the U.S.

Contacts

John V. Parachini

johnvp@rand.org

Senior International and Defense Researcher

Oluwatimilehin Sotubo

osotubo@pardeerand.edu

Ph.D. Student, Pardee RAND Graduate School, and Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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