Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot

Prepared by the RAND Corporation

Monthly Snapshot

January 2023

A military vehicle carrying a Pterodactyl I unmanned aerial vehicle drives in Beijing, China. Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

A military vehicle carrying a Wing Loong-I ("Pterodactyl") unmanned aerial vehicle / Photo by REUTERS/Jason Lee

The Chinese Arms Sales Monthly Snapshot features open-source material on Chinese advanced conventional weapons sales during December 2022. The RAND Corporation seeks credible open-source material but does not verify the content of the open-source material on Chinese arms export sales to foreign government officials, non-governmental subject matter experts, and media outlets. Chinese arms exports are an important element of its growing military power and geopolitical influence. This activity is supported with funding from the U.S. Department of State.

Selection: Open source materials are selected for the Monthly Snapshot based on analyst judgement to illustrate the diversity of sources, regions, and weapons systems.

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Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

Chinese Defense Sector

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

Feature

cover of TL-A2045-3

 

Mapping Chinese and Russian Military and Security Exports to Africa

12/13/2022 | RAND Corporation

Military weapons exports and private military and security contractors (PMSCs) are important tools for projecting a country's influence around the world. Both China and Russia are among the top five countries that export major arms, and both countries have employed PMSCs across Africa. To map the spread of China's and Russia's influence in Africa, RAND researchers analyzed which African countries received weapons and PMSCs from China and Russia during 2018–2021. The result is this visualization, which shows that both countries have been exporting defense and security influence widely across the continent.

Chinese Military Systems Export Marketing and Sales

China May Still Have Foot in The Door to Sell Military Jets to Argentina, Despite Fernandez Pulling Purchase Plan

December 19, 2022 | South China Morning Post

The article reports that despite the announcement made by the Argentine President that it would not proceed with the purchase of military aircrafts, Chinese analysts believe negotiations will remain open. Chinese analysts have suggested that interference from the U.S. and UK caused Argentina to shelve the program. The article also mentions that in its 2022 budget, the Argentine government allocated $664 million for "multifunctional fighter jets" in a bid to modernize its air force.

Egypt, SAC, FC-31 Procurement and TOT Deal

December 16, 2022 | Tactical Report

The Egyptian Ministry of Military Production is reportedly in discussions with Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) regarding the purchase of FC-31 jets.

China Boosts Military Aid to Africa as Concerns Over Russia Grow

December 12, 2022 | Nikkei Asia

This article discusses China strengthening its security cooperation with African nations in light of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. It is noteworthy that West Africa has received lots of Chinese military aid. A majority of China’s military activities in the Africa region are counterterrorism related which allows China “some level of stability in order to tap resources such as oil and gas, railways" and “avoid collateral damage from terrorist attacks on infrastructure, and to protect Chinese nationals in the country.” The article argues that Western partners have lagged compared to China in supporting African countries in battling insurgencies.

Is China Using Pakistan as Its Proxy to Arm Military Rule in Myanmar?

December 11, 2022 | The Times of India

This article suggests that China is using Pakistan as a proxy to transfer military equipment to Myanmar. Myanmar is reportedly trying to buy air-to-surface missiles from Pakistan for its JF-17 fighter aircraft. According to the report, relations between Pakistan and Myanmar were previously hostile, however, China has played a role in brokering peace and arms deals between the two countries.

Why Is Saudi Arabia Looking to China to Buy Weapons After Years of Arms Deals with the US?

December 08, 2022 | South China Morning Post

Following the Zhuhai Air show last month, Saudi Arabia has ordered weapons systems worth $4 billion from China. Included in the deal are drones, missiles, and anti-drone weapons systems. Saudi Arabia turned to China in a bid to diversify its weapons sources as tensions rise in its relations with the US. The article also mentions that China has been helping Saudi Arabia "develop its own ballistic missiles" since last year.

Type 071E Landing Dock Ship for Royal Thai Navy Completed Sea Trials

December 07, 2022 | Global Times

This article discusses updates in the agreement between China and Thailand to build the landing platform dock for Thailand's Navy. The Type 071E landing platform dock China built for Thailand has completed its sea test recently. Although many of the landing ship's electronics and weapon systems have not been installed, the 20,000-ton ship is set to be delievered to Thailand soon.

U.S. Looks to Check Chinese Advances at Cambodian Naval Base

December 05, 2022 | Foreign Policy

China has plans to build its first overseas Indo-Pacific naval base on the Ream Naval Base, leading the Biden administration to push Cambodia for more transparency about China’s access to a Gulf of Thailand naval base. The Biden administration’s concerns are that a “string of potential bases could give the huge Chinese navy the ability to expand further towards the Indian Ocean” and “global PLA military logistics network could disrupt U.S. military operations.”

Chinese Defense Sector

Is China’s W-15 Engine to Power J-20 Stealth Fighter Jet Nearing Completion?

December 19, 2022 | South China Morning Post

The article speculates that the WS-15 engine developed for the J-20 fighter jet had its maiden flight in 2022. It is not clear if the engine was tested on a J-20 or when it will be put into service. It is however believed that the engine is now in the final stages of development. U.S. deployment of F-35s in the Asia-Pacific region has reportedly forced China to adopt alternative engines such as Russian made AL-31 and Chinese made WS-10C for its J-20 jets.

US Identifies China’s DF-17 Hypersonic Missile As ‘Biggest Threat’ That Could Strike Critical Military Bases

December 12, 2022 | Eurasian Times

The article reports that China's "DF-17 hypersonic glide vehicle-powered medium-range ballistic missile" is designed to strike military assets in the Western Pacific. The DF-17 has been deployed operationally, after passing necessary tests. The weapon system is dual capable with conventional and nuclear capabilities.

China’s New High-Altitude, High-Speed Demonstrator Drone Makes First Flight

December 09, 2022 | Global Times

According to a statement by state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), the Liuxing-260 demonstrator drone successfully completed its first flight. The Liuxing-260 drone reportedly can “switch its nose cone, equipment bay, air intake, engine and payload pylons based on its needs, allowing it to serve as an aerial test platform for technologies such as new coatings, small engines and seekers, or act as a test participant for advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, loyal wingman and drone swarm.”

Are China’s Integrated Arms Systems A Match for South Korean Rivals?

December 03, 2022 | South China Morning Post

South Korea’s rapid increase in arms exports has led to questions whether this will affect China’s arms business. The article argues that China’s move away from individual weapons sales towards integrated systems will “insulate its position against rising competitors like South Korea.” Observers also note another reason South Korea’s rapid rise is unlikely to directly affect China’s business is due to the two countries very different target markets. China’s primary customers South Asia and Africa, whereas South Korea’s top buyers are Britain, Poland, the Philippines and Indonesia.

Chinese Defense Sector and Weapon System Issues

Chinese Designed JF-17 Aircraft Becomes an Embarrassment for Pakistan: Report

December 18, 2022 | The Print

The article reports that Pakistan is having engine trouble with its Chinese JF-17 jets. The jets use the Russian RD-93 engines and China has been unable to fix the engines. The article mentioned that the deal signed between China and Pakistan precludes Pakistan from seeking parts and maintenance from Russia without Chinese mediations. Despite this, Pakistan directly sought to obtain new engines from Russia but Russia has not been able to provide the engines because of the sanctions imposed against Russia. However, Azerbaijan, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia are said to have shown interest in the jet.

Social Media Reporting on Chinese Military System Export Activity

China's Zhuque-2 Orbital Rocket Fails at Launch

December 14, 2022 | Weixin

Chinese media reports that a Beijing-based private rocket company named Landspace issued a statement that China's launch of the world's first liquid-fueled orbital rocket, Zhuque-2 Orbital Rocket, failed to reach orbit. The failure was reportedly caused by a second-stage rocket malfunction.

China Announces First Test Flight of a 10+ T/W-Ratio Jet Engine Dedicated to J-20

December 13, 2022 | Weibo

Chinese social media published the first official update on what is suspected to be the WS-15 jet engine for the J-20 fighter jet.

Contacts

John V. Parachini

johnvp@rand.org

Senior International and Defense Researcher

Weilong (David) Kong

dkong@rand.org

Assistant Policy Researcher

The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis.

This monthly snapshot is part of a U.S. government foreign assistance effort to help countries comply with U.S. and international sanctions associated with the purchase of Chinese advanced conventional weapons.

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