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Russia, China, and the so-called Islamic State are three key U.S. adversaries that have exploited online technologies for propaganda. This chapter reviews the aims, capabilities, and limitations of online propaganda for each of these entities.
Airpower is critical to strengthening deterrence and reinvigorating NATO's warfighting competencies in response to Russia's aggressive actions and continued military modernization. The authors assess the contributions Europe's air forces could make to NATO's defense and deterrent posture at the vanguard—playing a significant role at the outset of any high-intensity collective defense operation.
Given the size and scope of the Russian propaganda campaign that targeted the U.S. electorate in 2016, it is critical to understand the impact of that campaign and mechanisms that can reduce the impact of future campaigns. This report, the third in a series, describes a study that assessed how people react to and engage with this propaganda, and found that media literacy advisories and labeling the source of the propaganda had a counter effect.
During a June 2018 original RAND Black Sea security game, subject-matter experts role-played regional governments during a military crisis scenario to explore Russian military, economic, and political levers of power in the Black Sea. The game and associated research underscored Russia's relative strength in the Black Sea and challenges associated with developing a coherent response to Russian aggression in the region.
The speed of online recruitment for violent extremist organizations has challenged existing efforts to intervene with counter-radicalization, leading to global instability and violence. The U.S. government's counter-radicalization messaging enterprise may benefit from using promising emerging technology tools, particularly bots, to rapidly detect targets of such recruitment efforts and deliver counter-radicalization content to them.
This report, the second in a series on information efforts by foreign actors, describes what appears to be an instance of election interference on Twitter using trolls (fake personas spreading a variety of hyperpartisan themes) and superconnectors (highly networked accounts that can spread messages effectively and quickly). The report describes the methods used to identify the questionable accounts and lists recommendations for response.
This essay provides observations on the future role of the armed forces in counterterrorism and the future role of counterterrorism forces in great power competition.
For decades, Russia has used political, military, economic, informational, and clandestine tools to advance its goals of establishing a privileged sphere of influence in the Black Sea region and enhancing its capabilities for national defense and wider power projection. In this report, the authors review those tactics and identify elements of a Western strategy to protect mutual interests and counter Russian malign influence and aggression.
Russia might try to manipulate and divide U.S. voters via social media during the U.S. political campaign season of 2020. RAND researchers sought to analyze, forecast, and mitigate threats by foreign actors targeting local, state, and national elections. This report, the first of four in a series, reviews some of the research on information efforts by foreign actors, focusing mainly on Russia and online environments.
In this report, the authors assess China's current military theory, strategy, and guiding principles, and they also delineate notional doctrinal or operational concepts that likely underpin People's Liberation Army military planning. This report is intended as a primer for U.S. Department of Defense strategists and planners as they conduct campaign planning and formulate responses to China's evolving military strategy and doctrine.
The federal government is working to enable simple and strategic hiring practices. Toward this end, the authors identified best practices for recruiting, hiring, and compensation in 41 federal demonstration projects and alternative personnel systems that began between January 2008 and May 2019. These best practices offer solutions for agencies seeking to modernize and refine current personnel programs.
Testimony presented before the House Armed Services Committee on September 23, 2020.
In this report—part of a series on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—the researchers estimate when COVID-19 transmission via commercial air travel began to rapidly accelerate throughout the world.
In this report—part of a series on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—the researchers quantify the potential vectors of transmission to countries in the U.S. Africa Command area of responsibility.
Burns are one of the most difficult types of injury for which to care, and about 5–20 percent of combat-related casualties during Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom included severe burns. Blast-related burn injuries are associated with infection, disability, and mortality. To identify areas that are understudied, RAND researchers conducted a literature review and synthesis of the evidence surrounding blast-related burn injury.