NSRD Publications

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Survey for Assessing Racial/Ethnic Harassment and Discrimination in the U.S. Military 2021

Miriam Matthews, Coreen Farris, Terry L. Schell, Kristie L. Gore
To help the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) estimate the percentage of service members who experienced racial or ethnic harassment or discrimination in the past year, RAND Corporation researchers, with feedback from external experts and DoD representatives, developed a survey instrument. The authors of this report describe the instrument-development process, the instrument itself, and recommendations to support its use.
Survey Instrument to Assess the Prevalence of Hazing and Bullying in the Active-Duty U.S. Military 2021

Miriam Matthews, Coreen Farris, Andrew R. Morral, Terry L. Schell, Kirsten M. Keller
The authors describe the development and design of a survey instrument created to help the U.S. Department of Defense estimate the number of active-duty service members who experience hazing and bullying. This report should be of interest to those who wish to better understand measurement of hazing and bullying and those responsible for understanding and addressing hazing and bullying in the U.S. military.
Unraveling the Gordian Knot: Considering Supply Chain Resiliency 2021

Caolionn O'Connell
Testimony presented before the House Energy and Commerce Committee, Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce on October 14, 2021.
A Structured Elicitation Approach to Identify Technology-Based Challenges: With Application to Inform Force Planning for Technological Surprise 2021

Lauren A. Mayer, Jon Schmid, Sydney Litterer, Marjory S. Blumenthal
What do experts envision as the largest technology-based challenges the U.S. Joint Force could confront by 2040? The authors develop and implement a three-stage approach to elicit and evaluate ideas from experts on technology challenges that are "radically altering." Twenty challenges were identified and evaluated by experts. These evaluations allowed the authors to classify those challenges into three clusters to help inform how the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) could prioritize science and technology (S&T) investments.
Toward a Unified Multiscale Computational Model of the Human Body's Immediate Responses to Blast-Related Trauma: A Review of the Scientific Literature 2021

Eder Sousa, Samantha McBirney, Emily Hoch, Tepring Piquado
The report describes the state of the science of multiscale computational modeling of the human body's responses to blast-related trauma, including both descriptions of models used or developed and research findings, and identifies future opportunities to strengthen the current research on understanding the human body's responses to blast-related trauma, particularly across multiple scales.
Handbook for Tactical Operations in the Information Environment 2021

Michael Schwille, Jonathan Welch, Scott Fisher, Thomas M. Whittaker, Christopher Paul
Early-career officers in tactical units must understand and operate in an increasingly complex information environment, but there are few opportunities for formal education and training. With its quick-reference format and series of illustrative vignettes, this handbook is intended to facilitate tactical problem-solving and increase awareness of when and how to contribute to the goals of operations in the information environment.
Sleep Management in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Systematic Review 2021

Alicia Ruelaz Maher, Eric Apaydin, Lara Hilton, Christine Chen, Wendy M. Troxel, Owen Hall, Gulrez Shah Azhar, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Susanne Hempel
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves several symptoms, including sleep disturbance. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects that interventions for adults with PTSD have on sleep outcomes. The authors found that interventions reported positive effects on sleep, in particular interventions targeting sleep.
A Guide to Evaluating Marine and Family Division Programs, Services, and Capabilities: An Introduction to Program Evaluation 2021

Stephanie Brooks Holliday, Stephani L. Wrabel, Thomas E. Trail, Margaret Tankard, Dana Schultz, Laura Werber, Sarah O. Meadows
This document provides a brief introduction to program evaluation of the U.S. Marine Corps' Marine and Family Program Division (MF) portfolio by focusing on five steps: identifying program goals and core components with a logic model, planning for evaluation, operationalizing evaluation measures, implementing an evaluation and interpreting results, and using evaluation results for continuous quality improvement.
A Guide to Evaluating Marine and Family Division Programs, Services, and Capabilities 2021

Stephanie Brooks Holliday, Stephani L. Wrabel, Thomas E. Trail, Margaret Tankard, Dana Schultz, Laura Werber, Sarah O. Meadows
The goal of this program evaluation toolkit is to help those responsible for implementing U.S. Marine Corps Marine and Family Division programs to determine whether those programs are effective and ultimately to guide efficient use of scarce resources. This toolkit is composed of two interrelated documents, this User's Guide and a set of Microsoft Excel workbooks.
Systematic Reviews of Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Psychological and Behavioral Health Disorders 2021

This brief describes results from a series of systematic reviews evaluating the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of selected and integrative medicine treatments for managing psychological and behavioral health disorders.
North Korean Sanctions Evasion Techniques 2021

King Mallory
The United Nations imposed increasingly restrictive sanctions on North Korea, but enforcement has been mixed. This report details the entities involved in North Korean sanctions evasion activities and uses case studies to illustrate North Korea's sanctions evasion techniques in four general areas of sanctions evasion activity: hard-currency generation, restricted and dual-use technology acquisition, covert transport, and covert finance.
Potential Drivers of Crises in the Arctic 2021

Benjamin J. Sacks, Scott R. Stephenson, Stephanie Pezard, Abbie Tingstad, Camilla T. N. Sørensen, Alyson Youngblood
Historically in the Arctic, regional tensions have been resolved before turning into major crises. With the Arctic gaining more attention in recent years, are existing governance mechanisms enough to handle future diplomatic challenges?
Readiness Implications of Coronavirus Infections on U.S. Navy Ships 2021

Bradley Martin, Trupti Brahmbhatt
The U.S. Navy's response to the COVID-19 pandemic drew attention to the fissures in the service's readiness to respond to major medical events. Researchers highlight and discuss these shortfalls and consider other possible emergencies aboard a ship, such as mass-casualty events or the need for large-scale trauma care. The authors look at the challenges posed by the pandemic and the Navy's response to examine broader implications for readiness.
Is the Defense Acquisition System Postured to Solve National Defense Strategy Operational Problems? 2021

Joel B. Predd, Irv Blickstein, John Birkler, David Ochmanek, Chad J. R. Ohlandt
The authors propose that U.S. Department of Defense leaders manage the acquisition of weapons and other systems according to their potential to develop and produce capabilities that solve operational problems outlined in the 2018 National Defense Strategy, discuss why this perspective is warranted, and suggest steps that the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition & Sustainment could take if it wishes to pursue this approach.
AI Tools for Military Readiness 2021

Peter Schirmer, Jasmin Léveillé
Readiness is integral to national security, and key to its management is the ability to measure it. The U.S. military reports monthly on overall readiness, and the authors' goal is to use artificial intelligence (AI) to improve the detail and accuracy of the U.S. military's readiness reports. This report will be of interest to people who seek to use AI and its enabling technologies to support the mission of national defense.