Ron D. Hays

Putting Patients First Can Result in Better Care Overall

Better patient care experiences are associated with higher levels of adherence to recommended prevention and treatment processes, better clinical outcomes, better patient safety within hospitals, and less health care utilization.

Journal Article

Veteran Knowledge, Perceptions, and Receipt of Care Following Visits to VA Emergency Departments for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions

Using explanatory sequential mixed methods, we interviewed Veterans with follow-up care needs after ACSC-related ED visits, and manually reviewed ED notes, abstracting interviewees' documented follow-up needs and care received.

Journal Article

Follow-Up Shadow Coaching Improves Primary Care Provider-Patient Interactions and Maintains Improvements When Conducted Regularly: A Spline Model Analysis

Re-coaching improved patient experience more than initial coaching, suggesting the reactivation of knowledge from initial coaching. However, re-coaching gains also eroded. Coaching should occur every 6–12 months to maintain behaviors and scores.

Journal Article

Reasons Primary Care Practices Chose Patient Experience Surveys During Patient-Centered Medical Home Transformation

In 2008–2017, 15–18% of U.S. primary care practices sought or maintained patient-centered medical home recognition. We interviewed a sample of 105 of these practices to determine why patient experience surveys were chosen.

Journal Article

Summary of the 2020 AHRQ Research Meeting on 'Advancing Methods of Implementing and Evaluating Patient Experience Improvement Using Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) Surveys'

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality held a research meeting on using Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) data for quality improvement (QI) and evaluating such efforts. This article summarizes the meeting.

Journal Article

Associations of Pediatric Nurse Burnout with Involvement in Quality Improvement

We examined the associations of inpatient pediatric nurse burnout with their perspectives on the importance of quality at the hospital, patient experience measurement, quality improvement, unit culture, and staffing.

Journal Article

Poor Self-rated Mental Health and Medicare Beneficiaries' Routine Care-Seeking

This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between self-rated mental health (SRMH) and infrequent routine care among Medicare beneficiaries and investigated the roles of managed care and having a personal doctor.

Journal Article

A Systematic Review of Strategies to Enhance Response Rates and Representativeness of Patient Experience Surveys

The objective of this paper is to review evidence on survey administration strategies to improve response rates and representativeness of patient surveys.

Journal Article

Content and Actionability of Recommendations to Providers After Shadow Coaching

This study aimed to examine the content of the recommendations given to providers aimed at improving provider-patient interactions, characterize these recommendations, and examine their actionability.

Journal Article

Gender Differences in Patients' Experience of Care in the Emergency Department

Previous work has reported gender differences in diagnosis and treatment in ED settings. However, little is known about gender differences in patient experience in the ED, though such differences are reported in other settings.

Journal Article

Longitudinal Associations of PROMIS-29 Anxiety and Depression Symptoms With Low Back Pain Impact in a Sample of U.S. Military Service Members

This study examines longitudinal associations between psychological symptoms and the Impact Stratification Score among military service members.

Journal Article

Crosswalking the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Pain Intensity Scores to the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index

Using data from three large samples of adults with chronic low back pain, we examined associations of the three PROMIS scores with the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire.

Journal Article

Support for the Reliability and Validity of the National Institutes of Health Impact Stratification Score in a Sample of Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel with Low Back Pain

This study provides support for the reliability and validity of the Impact Stratification Score as a patient-reported summary measure for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain.

Journal Article

Provider and Coach Perspectives on Implementing Shadow Coaching to Improve Provider-Patient Interactions

We aimed to characterize lessons and barriers to implementing shadow coaching as a mechanism to improve interactions with patients and change organizational culture.

Journal Article

Practices and Changes Associated With Patient-Centered Medical Home Transformation

Evidence shows that leaders who implement the patient-centered medical home care model encounter challenges in driving change. Understanding which changes and quality improvement practices further implementation is essential.

Journal Article

Shadow Coaching Improves Patient Experience With Care, But Gains Erode Later

We examined whether shadow coaching improves patient experience across 44 primary care practices in a large urban Federally Qualified Health Center.

Journal Article

Usefulness of Child HCAHPS Survey Data for Improving Inpatient Pediatric Care Experiences

We surveyed children's hospital leaders and staff about their use of Child HCAHPS for QI, including measures from other studies. We compared scale and item means for leaders and staff and compared means to other studies.

Journal Article

Using CAHPS Patient Experience Data for Patient-Centered Medical Home Transformation

We interviewed 105 practice leaders from 294 sampled practices and used content analysis to identify themes about uses of patient experience data for practice improvement during PCMH transformation.

Report

Using Natural Language Processing to Code Patient Experience Narratives: Capabilities and Challenges

The authors demonstrate the feasibility of using natural language processing to extract key information from a large set of patient narratives about their health care experiences.

Journal Article

Some Aspects of Patient Experience Assessed by Practices Undergoing Patient-Centered Medical Home Transformation Are Measured by CAHPS, Others Are Not

Overview of survey items used to assess patient experience and whether those items are on the CAHPS survey or not.

Journal Article

Nationwide Qualitative Study of Practice Leader Perspectives on What It Takes to Transform Into a Patient-Centered Medical Home

Primary Care Medical Home efforts necessitated support and assistance to practice leaders. Changes include financial incentives,leadership direction and support, and staff with experience with the PCMH application process, implementation, and QI.

Journal Article

A Review of Best Practices for Monitoring and Improving Inpatient Pediatric Patient Experiences

We reviewed the literature on best practices for monitoring performance and undertaking activities aimed at improving pediatric patient and family experiences of inpatient care.

Journal Article

Experiences With Chiropractic Care for Patients With Low Back or Neck Pain

This study provides information on the experiences of a national sample of chiropractic patients in the United States with chronic pain.

Journal Article

Researching the Appropriateness of Care in the Complementary and Integrative Health Professions: Part I

In this series of articles, we describe how we gathered the varied and detailed data required to achieve the following study objectives: (1) to measure the appropriateness of M/M for CLBP and CCP and (2) to determine whether patient preferences and costs affect appropriateness, and further, whether appropriateness affects outcomes.

Journal Article

Coping and Management Techniques Used by Chronic Low Back Pain Patients Receiving Treatment From Chiropractors

Persons with chronic back pain were proactive in their coping strategies and frequently used self-care coping strategies like those provided by chiropractors in patient education. In alignment with patients' beliefs that their condition was chronic and lifelong, many patients attempted a wide range of coping strategies to relieve their pain.

Journal Article

Differences in Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group Survey Scores by Recency of the Last Visit: Implications for Comparability of Periodic and Continuous Sampling

Patient experiences an be collected by sampling patients periodically (visits over a 1-year period)or continuously (any visit in a monthly interval). We explored differences in Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group scores using both sampling methods.

Journal Article

Group and Individual-level Change on Health-related Quality of Life in Chiropractic Patients With Chronic Low Back or Neck Pain

This study suggests some benefits of chiropractic on functioning and well-being of patients with low back pain or neck pain.

Journal Article

Researching the Appropriateness of Care in the Complementary and Integrative Health Professions: Part 3: Designing Instruments With Patient Input

This article documents the challenges and the efforts involved in designing data collection tools to facilitate the inclusion of patient data into appropriateness decisions.

Journal Article

The Social Economics of Adolescent Behavior and Measuring the Behavioral Culture of Schools

We surveyed 1159 adolescents age 14–17 attending high school in low income neighborhoods of Los Angeles. School academic performance was associated with social culture regarding popular behaviors, monitoring of school rules, and school order.

Journal Article

Associations of CAHPS Composites With Global Ratings of the Doctor Vary by Medicare Beneficiaries' Health Status

Good care coordination and communication are especially important for less healthy Medicare beneficiaries' overall evaluations of their doctors.

Journal Article

Quantifying Magnitude of Group-Level Differences in Patient Experiences with Health Care

Review approaches assessing magnitude of differences in patient experience scores between different providers.

Journal Article

The Challenge of Determining Appropriate Care in the Era of Patient-Centered Care and Rising Health Care Costs

The goal of health care is to ensure that patients receive the right care for the right patient for the right problem at the right time from the right provider. Inappropriate care is costly. The challenge is to define and increase delivery of appropriate care.

Journal Article

Characteristics of Chiropractic Patients Being Treated for Chronic Low Back and Neck Pain

This study describes the characteristics of a large sample of chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain patients in the United States who use chiropractic care for their chronic low back pain and chronic neck pain.

Journal Article

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Fatigability Index for Full-Time Wheelchair Users with Spinal Cord Injury

This article discusses the development and psychometric evaluation of a self-reported instrument assessing physical fatigability and mental fatigability in adults with spinal cord injury.

Journal Article

Preferences of Adults with Spinal Cord Injury for Widely Used Health-Related Quality of Life and Subjective Well-Being Measures

This article describes preferences for survey instruments on health-related quality of life and subjective well-being among adults with spinal cord injury, and compares perspectives on the instruments between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Journal Article

Implementation of Practice Transformation: Patient Experience According to Practice Leaders

An evaluation of federally qualified health centers found that transforming primary care to a medical home model can improve patient experience.

Journal Article

Patient Experiences with Care Differ with Chronic Care Management in a Federally Qualified Community Health Center

Adults receiving primary care at federally qualified health centers were more likely to positively rate their patient experience if their health center scored highly on adoption of chronic care management.

Journal Article

Implementation and Sequencing of Practice Transformation in Urban Practices with Underserved Patients

The comprehensiveness of the patient centered medical home model requires coordination among many care components as well as time and effort for thorough and systematic changes in delivering care. 

Journal Article

Associations of Health-Related Quality of Life with Overall Quality of Life in the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Project

The study provides further evidence about the empirical overlap between EWB and HRQOL. EWB researchers need to explicitly incorporate HRQOL measures and vice versa in their research.

Journal Article

A Comparison of Perceptions of Quality of Life Among Adults with Spinal Cord Injury in the United States Versus the United Kingdom

This article identifies which aspects of life are most important to adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) and compares perspectives in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Journal Article

Readability and Comprehension of the Geriatric Depression Scale and PROMIS® Physical Function Items in Older African Americans and Latinos

The wording of items and response options in two commonly used measures of depression and physical functioning in older adults were found to exceed the U.S. recommended readability threshold for vulnerable populations.

Journal Article

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Medicare Beneficiaries' Carecoordination Experiences

Hispanic, black, and Asian/Pacific Islander Medicare beneficiaries are more likely to have gaps in their care coordination than their non-Hispanic white peers.

Journal Article

Performance of the Medicare Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Physical Functioning Items

The aim of this study is to evaluate physical functioning items in Medicare beneficiaries.

Journal Article

Less Use of Extreme Response Options by Asians to Standardized Care Scenarios May Explain Some Racial/Ethnic Differences in CAHPS Scores

This study explores whether lower ERT is observed for Asians than whites in response to standardized vignettes depicting patient experiences of care and whether ERT might in part explain Asians reporting worse care than whites.

Journal Article

Patient and Caregiver Goals for Dementia Care

To elicit patient-centered goals for dementia care, this qualitative study relies on focus groups of people with early-stage dementia and dementia caregivers.

Journal Article

Child and Adolescent Perceptions of Oral Health Over the Life Course

This study conducted focus groups with ethnically, socioeconomically, and geographically diverse youth (8–12, 13–17 years) to identify perceptions of oral health status.

Journal Article

Possibilities for Shortening the CAHPS Clinician and Group Survey

Several domains in the CAHPS Clinician and Group Survey can be substantially reduced without sacrificing reliability or content; the shorter version could be useful in health care settings when the full-length survey is impractical.

Journal Article

How Much Do Cancer-Related Symptoms Contribute to Health-Related Quality of Life in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Patients? A Report from the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance (CanCORS) Consortium

Provide abstract text to pubcat@rand.org alias if you wish to add optional text to this extra tag for this metadata record.

Journal Article

Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in Cancer Survivors: Relationship to the Impact of Cancer Scale and Other Associated Risk Factors

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms in a sample of cancer survivors and to investigate their association with the impact of cancer, depressive symptoms, and social support.

Journal Article

U.S. General Population Estimate for "Excellent" to "Poor" Self-Rated Health Item

Estimates the PROMIS global physical health scale score from the responses to the single excellent to poor self-rated health question for use in public health surveillance, research, and clinical assessment.

Journal Article

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Adult Domain Framework Using Item Response Theory Scores

We used confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the fit of the hypothesized framework for the Patient reported Outcomes Measurement Information System from data collected from a large sample.

Journal Article

Methodological Considerations When Studying the Association Between Patient-Reported Care Experiences and Mortality

The authors illustrate methodological considerations when assessing the relationship between patient care experiences and mortality.

Journal Article

Use of CAHPS Patient Experience Survey Data as Part of a Patient-Centered Medical Home Quality Improvement Initiative

Practice leaders at a large urban Federally Qualified Health Center in California. regularly engaged and used CAHPS scores, trends, and benchmarks alongside other data while making changes related to QI and patient centered medical homes

Journal Article

Should Health Care Providers Be Accountable for Patients' Care Experiences?

Patient experience measures based on rigorously developed and implemented patient surveys can and do overcome concerns regarding the relevance, fairness and unintended consequences of these surveys.

Journal Article

Evaluation of a Care Coordination Measure for the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) Medicare Survey

We evaluated a five-item measure of care coordination included in the 2012 Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Medicare survey (n = 326,194 respondents, 46% response rate).

Journal Article

Don't Middle Your MIDs: Regression to the Mean Shrinks Estimates of Minimally Important Differences

Minimal important differences (MIDs) for patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are often estimated by selecting a clinical variable to serve as an anchor.

Journal Article

Development and Evaluation of the CAHPS (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) Survey for In-Center Hemodialysis Patients

This study provides support for the reliability and validity of the CAHPS In-Center Hemodialysis Survey for assessing patient experiences of care at dialysis facilities.

Journal Article

Examining the Role of Patient Experience Surveys in Measuring Health Care Quality

There is no inherent trade-off between strong performance on patient experience indicators and performance on clinical quality measures.

Journal Article

Associations of Cancer and Other Chronic Medical Conditions with SF-6D Preference-Based Scores in Medicare Beneficiaries

A large number of chronic conditions, including cancer, are associated uniquely with decrements in health utility. The cumulative effects of comorbid conditions have substantial impact on daily functioning and well-being of Medicare beneficiaries.

Journal Article

Specialties Differ in Which Aspects of Doctor Communication Predict Overall Physician Ratings

Effective doctor communication is critical to positive doctor–patient relationships and predicts better health outcomes.

Journal Article

Upper-extremity and Mobility Subdomains from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Adult Physical Functioning Item Bank

Upper-extremity and mobility subdomains shared about 35% of the variance in common, and produced comparable scores whether calibrated separately or together.

Journal Article

ISOQOL Recommends Minimum Standards for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Patient-Centered Outcomes and Comparative Effectiveness Research

An essential aspect of patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) and comparative effectiveness research (CER) is the integration of patient perspectives and experiences with clinical data to evaluate interventions.

Journal Article

Evaluation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS®) Spanish-language Physical Functioning Items

Evaluates the equivalence of the PROMIS® physical functioning item bank by language of administration (English versus Spanish).

Journal Article

Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome and Frequently Associated Comorbidities

In patients with IC/BPS, the presence of FM, CFS, and IBS has a significant association with HRQOL, equivalent in impact to the bladder symptoms themselves.

Journal Article

Depression Screening: Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Depression screening in cardiac patients has been recommended by the American Heart Association, but the best approach remains unclear.

Journal Article

Evaluating the Content of the Communication Items in the CAHPS® Clinician and Group Survey and Supplemental Items with What High-Performing Physicians Say They Do

A doctor's ability to communicate effectively is key to establishing and maintaining positive doctor–patient relationships.

Journal Article

Use of Imaging and Biomarker Tests for Posttreatment Care of Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivors

Use of nonrecommended services for surveillance occurs frequently among early-stage breast cancer survivors.

Journal Article

Can Hospital Cultural Competency Reduce Disparities in Patient Experiences with Care?

Greater hospital cultural competency may improve overall patient experiences, but may particularly benefit minorities in their interactions with nurses and hospital staff. Such effort may not only serve longstanding goals of reducing racial/ethnic disparities in inpatient experience, but may also contribute to general quality improvement.

Journal Article

Development and Evaluation of CAHPS Questions to Assess the Impact of Health Information Technology on Patient Experiences with Ambulatory Care

New CAHPS HIT items were identified that measure aspects of patient experiences not assessed by the CAHPS C&G 1.0 survey.

Journal Article

Development of and Field Test Results for the CAHPS PCMH Survey

This study provides support for the reliability and validity of new items to supplement the CG-CAHPS 1.0 Survey to assess aspects of primary care that are important attributes of PCMHs.

Journal Article

Differences in CAHPS Reports and Ratings of Health Care Provided to Adults and Children

Consumer assessment of health care is an important metric for evaluating quality of care.

Journal Article

A Field Experiment on the Impact of Physician-Level Performance Data on Consumers' Choice of Physician

An inexpensive letter and a phone call reminder can encourage plan members to access physician-level quality data.

Journal Article

Introduction

This article is an introduction to a special issue of Medical Care describing recent work conducted by investigators on the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPSs) project.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) Clinician and Group Adult Visit Survey

The CG-CAHPS Adult Visit Survey has acceptable psychometric properties at the individual level and practice site level.

Journal Article

Racial/ethnic Disparities in Medicare Part D Experiences

Quality improvement efforts may be needed to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in beneficiary experience with PD coverage.

Journal Article

The Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Cultural Competence (CC) Item Set

The CAHPS CC 26-item set demonstrates adequate measurement properties and can be used as a supplemental item set to the CAHPS Clinician and Group Surveys in assessing culturally competent care from the patient's perspective.

Journal Article

Development and Evaluation of CAHPS® Survey Items Assessing How Well Healthcare Providers Address Health Literacy

This study provides support for reliability and validity of the CAHPS Item Set for Addressing Health Literacy.

Journal Article

Development of Items to Assess Patients' Health Literacy Experiences at Hospitals for the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Hospital Survey

This study provides support for the measurement properties of the HCAHPS Item Set for Addressing Health Literacy.

Journal Article

Moving Towards Culturally Competent Health Systems: Organizational and Market Factors

Cultural competency has been proposed as an organizational strategy to address racial/ethnic disparities in the health care system; disparities are a long-standing policy challenge whose relevance is only increasing with the increasing population diversity of the US and across the world.

Journal Article

Development of a Prognostic Model for Six-Month Mortality in Older Adults with Declining Health

Estimation of six-month prognosis is essential in hospice referral decisions, but accurate, evidence-based tools to assist in this task are lacking.

Journal Article

Rasch Analysis in the Development of a Simplified Version of the National Eye Institute Visual-Function Questionnaire-25 for Utility Estimation

This study developed a vision-targeted health state classification system based on the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25).

Journal Article

The Impact of Menopause on Health-Related Quality of Life: Results from the STRIDE Longitudinal Study

Menopause has a negative impact on some domains of health related quality of life (HRQoL), regardless of menopausal symptoms. Clinicians should work to improve HRQoL, rather than expect it to improve spontaneously when menopausal symptoms resolve.

Journal Article

Health and Quality-of-Life Outcomes: The Role of Patient-Reported Measures

This chapter discussed key issues in the use of patient-reported outcome measures, with special emphasis on health-related quality of life. It also explores application of these measures for population surveillance, research, and clinical practice. Patient evaluation of care measures from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems are used as an example.

Journal Article

Minimally Important Differences of the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument

This study provided minimally important difference (MID) estimates for the UCLA Scleroderma Clinical trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract 2.0 instrument. This information can aid in interpreting scale scores in future randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Journal Article

Differential Item Functioning By Survey Language Among Older Hispanics Enrolled in Medicare Managed Care

Failure to account for language differences in CAHPS survey items may result in misleading conclusions about disparities in health care experiences between Spanish and English speakers.

Journal Article

Depression and the Health Care Experiences of Medicare Beneficiaries

Depressed patients report poorer health care experiences and have less confidence that they can recognize their need for care.

Journal Article

Patient Education Integrated with Acupuncture for Relief of Cancer-Related Fatigue Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study

Patient education integrated with acupuncture had a sufficiently promising effect on cancel-related fatigue that a larger randomized controlled trial is warranted.

Journal Article

Health Care Provider's Motivation to Improve Communication Skills

This study describes the development of a self-report measure of providers' motivation to improve their communication skills that can be used to assess physician readiness for interventions as well as help to evaluate outcomes of QI projects.

Journal Article

Adapting CAHPS for an American Indian Population

Develop a culturally appropriate, reliable, and valid survey that can be used by the Choctaw Nation Health Services (CNHS) to compare patients' health care experiences across CNHS clinics, and to support quality improvement efforts.

Journal Article

Adjusting for Subgroup Differences in Extreme Response Tendency in Ratings of Health Care: Impact on Disparity Estimates

Failure to adjust for subgroup differences in extreme response tendency ratings may misdirect resources for reducing disparities and provide inaccurate assessments of some providers.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Assess Medicare Beneficiaries' Prescription Drug Plan Experiences

Using data from 335,249 Medicare beneficiaries who responded to the 2007 Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey, along with data from 22 cognitive interviews, the authors investigated the reliability and validity of an instrument designed to assess beneficiaries' experiences with their prescription drug plans.

Journal Article

A Randomized Study of Scleroderma Health State Values: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words, and Quite a Few Utilities

Assigning utilities to hypothetical health states requires that the health states be described in adequate detail, but there is no agreement on exactly how health states should be described.

Journal Article

Responsiveness and Construct Validity of the Health Utilities Index in Patients with Dementia

Evaluates the validity (including responsiveness to change) of the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and Mark 3 (HUI3), 2 commonly used generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures, in patients with dementia.

Research Brief

Validating the Link Between Good Physician Process of Care and Better Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients

This fact sheet describes a study that confirms, for the first time, that better physician process of care leads to better health-related quality of life for patients receiving ambulatory care.

Journal Article

Language and Regional Differences in Evaluations of Medicare Managed Care by Hispanics

Uses the Consumer Assessments of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey to examine the experiences of Hispanics enrolled in Medicare managed care. Hispanics face barriers to care; however, their experiences with care vary by language and region.

Report

The Impact of Interpreters on Parents' Experiences with Ambulatory Care for Their Children

Compares health plan members who did not need an interpreter with those who needed one but may not always have gotten one, and finds that greater use of interpreters could reduce racial and ethnic disparities and improve health plan performance.

Journal Article

Access to Care for Youth with Special Health Care Needs in the Transition to Adulthood

Insurance gaps and delayed care are prevalent for low-income young adults who aged out of a public program for children with special health care needs, despite ongoing health problems. Greater transition support might improve access.

Journal Article

Bridging from the Picker Hospital Survey to the CAHPS Hospital Survey

Illustrate an accessible and sufficiently precise method of bridging data from earlier surveys to the CAHPS Hospital Survey to support hospital internal quality improvement efforts. Where correspondence is high, old items can and should be replaced.

Journal Article

Can Additional Patient Experience Items Improve the Reliability of and Add New Domains to the CAHPS Hospital Survey?

In the Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems Hospital Survey, internal consistency reliability is low, and some care domains are not represented. Additional questions significantly improve the psychometric properties of the survey.

Journal Article

Evaluating Differential Item Functioning of the PRIME-MD Mood Module Among Impoverished Black and White Women in Primary Care

The purpose of this study was to determine whether items in the mood module of the PRIME-MD perform similarly in 2 high-risk populations: impoverished black and white women. Results suggest that all items of the mood module of the PRIME-MD performed similarly for white and black women.

Journal Article

Evaluating the SF-36 Health Survey (Version 2) in Older Vietnamese Americans

Conceptualization of physical and mental health and associations on different scales may be different for Asian immigrants than for other groups. Interpretation of SF-36 Health Survey scores needs to account for cultural differences.

Journal Article

How Do Proxy Responses and Proxy-Assisted Responses Differ from What Medicare Beneficiaries Might Have Reported About Their Health Care?

One should treat proxy responses to subjective ratings cautiously. Even seemingly innocuous reading, writing, and translation by proxies may influence answers. Spouses may be accurate proxies for the elderly in evaluations of health care.

Journal Article

The Minimally Important Difference for the Fatigue Visual Analog Scale in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Followed in an Academic Clinical Practice

Estimates the minimally important difference for a fatigue visual analog scale (VAS) using patient-reported anchors (fatigue, pain, and overall health). This information can aid in interpreting fatigue VAS in day-to-day care in clinical practice.

Journal Article

Recommended Methods for Determining Responsiveness and Minimally Important Differences for Patient Reported Outcomes

MID is based primarily on relevant patient-based and clinical anchors, with clinical trial experience used to further inform understanding of MID.

Journal Article

Reports and Ratings of Care: Black and White Medicare Enrollees

Compares African American/black and white Medicare enrollees' perceptions of care. Blacks reported significantly worse experiences with speed of care, staff helpfulness, and getting needed care. They rated their doctors and nurses more positively.

Journal Article

Survey Response Style and Differential Use of CAHPS Rating Scales by Hispanics

Hispanics report health care that is similar to or less positive than for non-Hispanic whites, yet have more positive ratings of care. Higher Hispanic ratings may be partially attributed to differences in response style rather than superior care.

Research Brief

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Issues Among People with HIV: Lessons from HCSUS

This research brief describes findings from HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study surveys on the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse problems for persons with HIV, access to appropriate care, and ability to adhere to treatment.

Journal Article

Does Ambulatory Process of Care Predict Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes for Patients with Chronic Disease?

The use of instrumental variables allowed us to demonstrate a significant relationship between better ambulatory process of care and better health-related quality of life. This finding underscores the importance of efforts to improve the process of care.

Journal Article

A Comparison of Three Sets of Criteria for Determining the Presence of Differential Item Functioning Using Ordinal Logistic Regression

Several techniques have been developed to detect differential item functioning (DIF), including ordinal logistic regression (OLR).

Report

Correlated Physical and Mental Summary Scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 Health Survey, V.1

Using summary scores for two health surveys (SF-36 & SF-12) the paper develops a new oblique scoring algorithm that can reduce inconsistent results between the SF-36 scale scores and physical/mental health summary scores reported in prior studies.

Journal Article

Developing a Spanish-language Consumer Report for CAHPS Health Plan Surveys

Concepts and terms about health care quality translated well from English to Spanish.

Journal Article

Development of a Preliminary Scleroderma Gastrointestinal Tract 1.0 Quality of Life Instrument

The results support the reliability and validity of the SSC-GIT 1.0 as a measure of SSc GIT involvement.

Journal Article

Ethnic Variations in Dementia Caregiving Experiences: Insights from Focus Groups

The proportion of minority elders with dementia in the United States is projected to rise substantially.

Journal Article

IRT Health Outcomes Data Analysis Project: an Overview and Summary

The feasibility of developing item banks for broad definitions of health is discussed.

Journal Article

Item Response Theory Analyses of Physical Functioning Items in the Medical Outcomes Study

Constructing and evaluating item pools that measure a single domain of HRQOL is one of the fundamental objectives of the PROMIS project.

Journal Article

Next Steps for Use of Item Response Theory in the Assessment of Health Outcomes

Reviews the NCI/DIA conference, Improving health outcomes assessment based on modern measurement theory and computerized adaptive testing, and suggest next steps in use of item response theory to assess health outcomes.

Journal Article

Precision of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Data Compared with Other Clinical Measures

To many clinicians, the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) seems more art than science.

Journal Article

Psychometric Evaluation and Calibration of Health-Related Quality of Life Item Banks: Plans for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

Summarized are key analytic issues; recommendations are provided for future evaluations of item banks in HRQOL assessment.

Journal Article

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Tai Chi for Tension Headaches

This study examined whether a traditional low-impact mind-body exercise, Tai Chi, affects health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and headache impact in an adult population suffering from tension-type headaches.

Journal Article

Reliability, Validity, and Minimally Important Differences of the SF-6D in Systemic Sclerosis

This is the first study to assess the SF-6D in SSc.

Journal Article

Repeated Measures Analyses of Dose Timing of Antiretroviral Medication and Its Relationship to HIV Virologic Outcomes

Medication adherence is a critical predictor of the effectiveness of antiretroviral medications in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Journal Article

The Role of the Bifactor Model in Resolving Dimensionality Issues in Health Outcomes Measures

Application of a bifactor model for exploring the dimensional structure of an item response matrix, and for handling multidimensionality.

Journal Article

Severity of Visual Field Loss and Health-Related Quality of Life

To examine the association between severity of visual field loss (VFL) and self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a population-based sample.

Journal Article

The SF-36 Physical and Mental Health Factors Were Confirmed in Cancer and HIV/AIDS Patients

Assesses the extent to which the RAND-36/SF-36 items measure physical and mental health (PH and MH), as implied by existing summary scoring systems.

Report

Development of Supplemental Quality Improvement Items for the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS)

Describes the process whereby RAND worked with health plans to identify the specific issues of concern to them about the usability of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) results for quality-improvement actions.

Research Brief

Disparities in Care for HIV Patients: Results of the HCSUS Study

This research brief summarizes the findings on access to care from the HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), the first comprehensive U.S. survey of health care use among a nationally representative sample of HIV-positive patients.

Journal Article

An Alternative Approach to Reducing the Costs of Patient Care? A Controlled Trial of the Multi-Disciplinary Doctor-Nurse Practitioner (MDNP) Model

Hospitals adapt to changing market conditions by exploring new care models that allow them to maintain high quality while containing costs.

Journal Article

Application of Group-Level Item Response Models in the Evaluation of Consumer Reports About Health Plan Quality

These results illustrate why it is important to study evaluations of health care, such as CAHPS, at multiple levels of analyses.

Journal Article

Changes in Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in Treatment for HIV

Patient-centered measures of functioning and well-being are needed to monitor and improve health for HIV-infected persons.

Journal Article

Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory Analyses of Multi-Item Scales Assessing Parents' Perceptions of Their Children's Dental Care

The beta CAHPS(R) dental survey performed well and the revised instrument is recommended for future studies.

Journal Article

Comparison of Data Quality for Reports and Ratings of Ambulatory Care by African American and White Medicare Managed Care Enrollees

Compare missing data and reliability of health care evaluations between African Americans and Whites in Medicare managed care health plans.

Journal Article

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Survey Questions for Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications and Exploratory Analyses for Identifying Optimal Sets of Survey Questions

Although many methods for assessing adherence have been developed, most are not feasible for busy clinical settings.

Journal Article

Cultural Competency and Quality of Care: Obtaining the Patient's Perspective

Provision of culturally competent medical care is one of the strategies advocated for reducing or eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities.

Journal Article

The Effect of a Multidisciplinary Hospitalist/Physician and Advanced Practice Nurse Collaboration on Hospital Costs

Collaborative physician/nurse practitioner multidisciplinary care management of hospitalized medical patients reduced LOS and improved hospital profit

Journal Article

An Ethno-Medical Perspective on Research Participation: A Qualitative Pilot Study

There is a paucity of information about culturally appropriate methods for recruiting and retaining racial/ethnic minorities in research.

Journal Article

Health-related Quality of Life and Patient Reports About Care Outcomes in a Multidisciplinary Hospital Intervention

Patient perceptions of care and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are important outcomes for hospitalized patients.

Journal Article

Impact of Severity and Bilaterality of Visual Impairment on Health-Related Quality of Life

To assess the impact of unilateral and bilateral VI and its severity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Latinos 40 years and older.

Journal Article

Linguistic Disparities in Health Care Access and Health Status Among Older Adults

The authors examined whether health care access and health status vary among older adults who have limited English proficiency (LEP), who are proficient in English but also speak another language at home (EP), and who speak English only (EO). Weighted bivariate and multivariate survey logit analyses were conducted to examine the role of language ability on 2 aspects of access to care (not having a usual source of care, delays in getting care) and 2 indicators of health status (self-rated general health and emotional health). Limited-English proficient adults were significantly worse off than EO older adults in 3 of our 4 measures of access to care and health status. Limited-English proficient older adults had significantly worse access to care and health status than EP older adults except delays in care.

Journal Article

Minimally Important Difference in Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis: Results from the D-penicillamine Study

MID estimates are provided for improvement in the mRSS and HAQ-DI scores, which can help in interpreting clinical trials on patients with SSc.

Journal Article

Patients' Global Ratings of Their Health Care Are Not Associated with the Technical Quality of Their Care

Patient global ratings of care are commonly used to assess health care.

Journal Article

Physician Communication About the Cost and Acquisition of Newly Prescribed Medications

Physician-patient discussions about new medication cost and other acquisition issues, especially medication affordability, occur infrequently.

Journal Article

Physician Communication When Prescribing New Medications

When initiating new medications, physicians often fail to communicate critical elements of medication use.

Journal Article

A Pilot Study of Health Beliefs and Attitudes Concerning Measures of Antiretroviral Adherence Among Prisoners Receiving Directly Observed Antiretroviral Therapy

Evaluate acceptability and psychometric properties of a survey for use in assessing barriers and facilitators of adherence to ART DOT in prison.

Journal Article

A Practical Method to Calibrate Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

The method efficiently identified survey items to improve self-reported adherence measurement.

Journal Article

Psychometric Characteristics of a Patient Satisfaction Instrument Tailored to the Concerns of African Americans

The national initiative to eliminate health disparities by 2010 makes clear the need for culturally appropriate patient-reported outcome measures.

Journal Article

Psychometric Performance of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in Latinos and Non-Latinos

Overall performance of the NEI VFQ in Latino populations is adequate.

Journal Article

Repeated Measures Longitudinal Analyses of HIV Virologic Response as a Function of Percent Adherence, Dose Timing, Genotypic Sensitivity, and Other Factors

Efforts to improve viral outcomes should address missed doses and excessive variation in dose timing and prevention of adherence decline over time.

Journal Article

Responsiveness and Minimal Important Differences for Patient Reported Outcomes

Patient reported outcomes provide the patient's perspective on the effectiveness of treatment.

Journal Article

A Test of Knowledge About Prostate Cancer Screening: Online Pilot Evaluation Among Southern California Physicians

The knowledge scale developed in this study holds promise for measuring the effects of professional education on prostate cancer screening.

Journal Article

Variation in the Readability of Items Within Surveys

Standards for measuring the readability of surveys are needed.

Journal Article

Variations in Provider Conceptions of Integrative Medicine

Consumers often turn to CAM and use it concurrently with conventional medicine to treat illnesses and promote wellness.

Research Brief

Do People with HIV Get the Dental Care They Need? Results of the HCSUS Study

One of the earliest findings in the 20-year history of the HIV epidemic is that oral health was a frequent problem among HIV-infected individuals.

Journal Article

Application of Structural Equation Modeling to Health Outcomes Research

This article provides an overview of the basic underlying principles of structural equation modeling (SEM).

Journal Article

Approaches and Recommendations for Estimating Minimally Important Differences for Health-Related Quality of Life Measures

Authors describe currently available approaches for estimating the minimally important difference (MID) and their associated strengths and weaknesses.

Journal Article

Assessment of the Equivalence of the Spanish and English Versions of the CAHPS Hospital Survey on the Quality of Inpatient Care

The results provide preliminary evidence of the equivalence between the Spanish and English versions of H-CAHPS.

Journal Article

The Association of Health-Related Quality of Life with Survival Among Persons with HIV Infection in the United States

Physical HRQOL added prognostic information over the sociodemographic and available clinical data such as CD4 count and stage of HIV infection.

Report

Comparison of Mail and Telephone in Assessing Patient Experiences in Receiving Care from Medical Group Practices

The medical group survey from the CAHPS(R) project, G-CAHPS, focuses on patient experiences in receiving care from their medical group practice.

Journal Article

Creating a Crosswalk to Estimate AIDS Clinical Trials Group Quality of Life Scores in a Nationally Representative Sample of Persons in Care for HIV in the United States

Optimizing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an increasingly important goal in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Journal Article

Development and Evaluation of the CAHPS Hospital Survey

Provide the reader with technical documentation of the development and testing of the CAHPS Hospital Survey.

Journal Article

Development of the 12-Item Expectations Regarding Aging Survey

Development of a short version of the Expectations Regarding Aging Survey (ERA-38), a 38-item survey measuring expectations regarding aging.

Report

Do Medicaid and Commercial CAHPS Scores Correlate Within Plans? A New Jersey Case Study

Within-plan variability in evaluations of care by Medicaid and commercial health plan member evaluations is too great to permit meaningful inference about plan performance for one population from the other for many important outcomes.

Report

Do Proxies Reflect Patients’ Health Concerns About Urinary Incontinence and Gait Problems?

Discusses the validity of proxy reports concerning falls and urinary incontinency among elderly patients.

Journal Article

Effect of a Multidisciplinary Intervention on Communication and Collaboration Among Physicians and Nurses

The multidisciplinary intervention resulted in better communication and collaboration among the participants.

Journal Article

The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Survival of People Receiving Care for HIV Infection in the United States

Effective interventions are needed to improve outcomes for low SES groups with HIV infection.

Journal Article

Effects of Testosterone Replacement in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Women with Weight Loss

Additional studies are needed to fully explore the role of androgens in the regulation of body composition in women.

Journal Article

Equivalence of Mail and Telephone Responses to CAHPS Hospital Survey

Estimate the effect of survey mode (mail versus telephone) on reports and ratings of hospital care.

Journal Article

Estimating Clinically Significant Differences in Quality of Life Outcomes

This report extracts considerations for determining and applying clinically significant differences in QOL measures.

Journal Article

Evaluating the Statistical Significance of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Change in Individual Patients

Provides an overview of the evaluation of statistically significant change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for individual patients.

Journal Article

Exploratory Factor Analyses of the CAHPS Hospital Pilot Survey Responses Across and Within Medical, Surgical, and Obstetric Services

Variability of CAHPS scores across hospitals can be reported parsimoniously using a limited number of composites.

Journal Article

Field Testing: What It Is and How We Do It

Field testing involves administering an early version of a survey to a sample of the target audience.

Journal Article

Impact of Chronic Viral Hepatitis on Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV: Results from a Nationally Representative Sample

Little is known about the health burden of chronic viral hepatitis in HIV-infected patients.

Journal Article

Impact of Hepatitis C on Health Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Assessment

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diminishes health related quality of life (HRQOL), and it is now common to measure HRQOL in clinical trials.

Journal Article

Imputation of SF-12 Health Scores for Respondents with Partially Missing Data

Missing SF-12 items are prevalent and lead to reduced analytical power.

Journal Article

Methods Used to Streamline the CAHPS Hospital Survey

Identify a parsimonious subset of reliable, valid, and consumer-salient items from 33 questions asking for patient reports about hospital care quality

Journal Article

Patients' Preferences for Technical Versus Interpersonal Quality When Selecting a Primary Care Physician

Individual physician report cards should contain ample information in both domains to be most useful to patients.

Journal Article

Patterns of Unit and Item Nonresponse in the CAHPS Hospital Survey

Nonresponse weights should not be used for between-hospital comparisons of the CAHPS Hospital Survey.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of a Group-Level Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) Instrument

The G-CAHPS instrument provides an assessment of selected aspects of care that could be a useful complement to the plan-level CAHPS instrument.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Measure

Self-report measures of sleep provide information that can be useful for characterizing the quality of sleep in subgroups of the population.

Journal Article

Religiousness and Spirituality Among HIV-infected Americans

A large majority of HIV-infected patients in the United States affirm the importance of religiousness and spirituality.

Journal Article

Responsiveness of the SF-36 and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index in a Systemic Sclerosis Clinical Trial

Compares responsiveness to change of the SF-36, HRQOL, and the HAQ-DI in a randomized clinical trial for treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Journal Article

Review of the Literature on Survey Instruments Used to Collect Data on Hospital Patients' Perceptions of Care

To review the existing literature (1980-2003) on survey instruments used to collect data on patients' perceptions of hospital care.

Journal Article

A Self-Report Measure of Clinicians' Orientation Toward Integrative Medicine

This study provides support for the reliability and validity of the IM-30 as a measure of clinicians' orientation toward integrative medicine.

Draft

Summary of Cognitive Interviews for CAHPS Dental Care Project

Report

Adherence to Cancer Regimens: Implications for Treating the Older Patient

Adherence to Cancer Regimens: Implications for Treating the Older Patient

Report

Antecedents of Adherence to Medical Recommendations: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

A longitudinal study of patients with chronic medical diseases (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease) was conducted to identify antecedents of adherence to medical recommendations.

Journal Article

The Applicability of the Consumer Assessments of Health Plans Survey (CAHPS) to Preferred Provider Organizations in the United States: A Discussion of Industry Concerns

This paper examines the applicability of a leading patient survey, the CAHPS, to Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) in the United States.

Journal Article

Are Physician-Derived Disease Severity Indices Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease?

Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score is now often used as an overall indicator of health status for patients with end-stage liver disease.

Report

The Course of Depression in Adult Outpatients: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

The Course of Depression in Adult Outpatients: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

Journal Article

Delays and Unmet Need for Health Care Among Adult Primary Care Patients in a Restructured Urban Public Health System

Authors estimated the prevalence and determinants of delayed and unmet needs for medical care among patients in a restructured public health system.

Journal Article

Differential Use of the CAHPS 0-10 Global Rating Scale by Medicaid and Commercial Populations

This study is a secondary analysis of CAHPS 2.0 health plan survey data collected in 1999 and 2000.

Journal Article

Half Standard Deviation Estimate of the Minimally Important Difference in HRQOL Scores

In addition to statistical significance, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of differences in health-related quality of life over time.

Journal Article

Health Plan Effects on Patient Assessments of Medicaid Managed Care Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities

Health care organizations should engage in quality improvement activities to address the observed racial/ethnic disparities in assessments of care.

Journal Article

How Many Patients Are Needed to Provide Reliable Evaluations of Individual Clinicians?

The purpose of this study was to determine how many patients are needed to provide reliable patient ratings of care at the individual clinician level.

Report

A Microcomputer Assessment System [MAS] for Administering Computer-Based Surveys: Preliminary Results from Administration to Clients at an Impaired-Driver Treatment Program

A Microcomputer Assessment System [MAS] for Administering Computer-Based Surveys: Preliminary Results from Administration to Clients at an Impaired-Driver Treatment Program

Journal Article

No Evidence of an Association Between Transient HIV Viremia (Blips) and Lower Adherence to the Antiretroviral Medication Regimen

The authors found no evidence that transient HIV viremia is associated with decreases in adherence or differences in dose-timing.

Report

On Becoming Involved with Drugs: Modeling Adolescent Drug Use Over Time

The authors tested a model of the process of becoming involved with drugs during junior high.

Journal Article

Physician Recognition of Cognitive Impairment: Evaluating the Need for Improvement

Assess physician recognition of dementia and cognitive impairment, compare recognition with documentation, and identify physician and patient factors associated with recognition.

Journal Article

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patients' Preferences for Initial Care by Specialists

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 646 patients in the waiting room of three academic-based internal medicine outpatient practices.

Journal Article

Racial Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Hemodialysis Patients

ESRD is a chronic illness for which African Americans report better psychologic well being and a lower burden of disease than non-African Americans.

Journal Article

Racial Differences in the Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Health-Related Quality of Life

To compare the impact of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) on health related quality of life (HRQOI) for non-white and white IBS patients.

Report

Response Times for the CAGE Short-MAST, AUDIT, and JELLINEK Alcohol Scales

Response Times for the CAGE Short-MAST, AUDIT, and JELLINEK Alcohol Scales

Report

Stepping Through the Drug Use Sequence: Longitudinal Scalogram Analysis of Initiation and Regular Use

Using a new technique for tracing the sequence of use over time, this study examined the pattern of drug involvement among 4,145 West Coast adolescents over the 4-year span from grades 7-10.

Journal Article

Associations of Presbyopia with Vision-Targeted Health-Related Quality of Life

Evaluates the associations of presbyopia and its correction, particularly monovision optical correction, with vision-targeted health-related quality of life.

Journal Article

Bias in Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in a Hemodialysis Population: A Comparison of Self-Administered and Interviewer-Administered Surveys in the HEMO Study

Examined is the relationship of patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) to the mode of survey administration in the Hemodialysis Study

Report

Commentary on Using the SF-36 or MOS-HIV in Studies of Persons with HIV Disease

The purpose was to compare and comment on use of the SF-36 and MOS-HIV instruments in studies of persons with HIV disease.

Journal Article

Correlates of Social Function: A Comparison of a Black and a White Sample of Older Persons in Los Angeles

This study compares social functioning between one Black and one White urban, community-based sample of older persons in Los Angeles.

Journal Article

The Diverse Older HIV-positive Population: A National Profile of Economic Circumstances, Social Support, and Quality of Life

The objectives of this study were to provide a national profile of socioeconomic circumstances of the middle-aged and older population living with HIV

Journal Article

Do Differences in Methods for Constructing SF-36 Physical and Mental Health Summary Measures Change Their Associations with Chronic Medical Conditions and Utilization?

Determined whether the associations of the physical and mental health summary scores with chronic medical conditions and utilization would differ.

Journal Article

Do Health Care Ratings Differ by Race or Ethnicity?

Growing evidence that Asians and Pacific Islanders perceive their health care more negatively than whites and other racial and ethnic subgroups.

Journal Article

Equivalence of Chinese and US-English Versions of the SF-36 Health Survey

This study provides support for the equivalence of the Chinese and US-English versions of the SF-36.

Journal Article

The Impact of HIV on Oral Health and Subsequent Use of Dental Services

Differences in health and access to dental services among a sample of patients with HIV using Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.

Journal Article

Knowledge of Antiretroviral Regimen Dosing and Adherence: A Longitudinal Study

Clinicians should assess patients' understanding of medication dosing soon after regimen initiation or change.

Journal Article

Methodological Challenges Associated with Patient Responses to Follow-Up Longitudinal Surveys Regarding Quality of Care

It is important to identify and address methodological challenges that potentially threaten the validity of quality-of-care assessments.

Journal Article

Patient Reports and Ratings of Individual Physicians: An Evaluation of the Doctor Guide and Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study Provider-Level Surveys

Compare physician-level survey instruments and estimate the number of patients needed per physician to provide reliable estimates of health care.

Journal Article

Patterns of Coping Among Persons with HIV Infection: Configurations, Correlates, and Change

This study examines coping in response to HIV infection, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of HIV-infected persons.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) 2.0 Adult Core Survey

To estimate the reliability and validity of survey measures used to evaluate health plans and providers from the consumer's perspective.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of the National Eye Institute-Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument

These results support the reliability and construct validity of the NEI-RQL.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey (CAHPS)

This study suggests that the Spanish CAHPS 2.0 core survey has acceptable psychometric properties.

Journal Article

Race/ethnicity, Language, and Patients' Assessments of Care in Medicaid Managed Care

Racial and ethnic minorities and persons with limited English proficiency face barriers to care, despite Medicaid-enabled financial access.

Journal Article

Responsiveness of the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument to Surgical Correction of Refractive Error

The NEI-RQL is responsive to changes in vision-targeted health-related quality of life resulting from keratorefractive surgery.

Journal Article

Responsiveness of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89) in an Antiepileptic Drug Trial

Responsiveness of this HRQOL measure can be reported in terms of previously established benchmarks for ESs, which can be predicted from other indices.

Journal Article

The Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression: Symptom Structure in Depressive and Hypertensive Patient Groups

The structure of self-reported symptoms representative of the tripartite model was examined using data drawn from the Medical Outcomes Study.

Journal Article

The Alcohol-Related Problems Survey: Identifying Hazardous and Harmful Drinking in Older Primary Care Patients

Physicians are urged to screen for alcohol-related problems in older persons.

Journal Article

Associations of Self-Reported Oral Health with Physical and Mental Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of HIV Persons Receiving Medical Care

The impact of oral health on HIV patients has not been sufficiently documented.

Journal Article

Beyond Alcoholism: Identifying Older, At-Risk Drinkers in Primary Care

Evaluates the validity and reliability of the Alcohol-Related Problems Survey and the Short ARPS which identify older persons whose use of alcohol alone or with their comorbidities may be placing them at risk for or causing them harm.

Journal Article

Comparing the Alcohol-Related Problems Survey (ARPS) to Traditional Alcohol Screening Measures in Elderly Outpatients

Commonly used screening measures do not address alcohol's effects among persons with declining health and increased medication use.

Journal Article

Development, Reliability, and Validity of the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA-38) Survey

To develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure older adults' expectations regarding aging.

Journal Article

Do Older Adults Expect to Age Successfully? The Association Between Expectations Regarding Aging and Beliefs Regarding Healthcare Seeking Among Older Adults

Measures expectations about aging among community-residing older adults, identifies characteristics associated with having low expectations regarding aging, and examines whether expectations are associated with healthcare-seeking beliefs.

Journal Article

Effects of CAHPS Health Plan Performance Information on Plan Choices by New Jersey Medicaid Beneficiaries

To assess the effects of CAHPS health plan performance information on plan choices and decision processes by New Jersey Medicaid beneficiaries.

Journal Article

Effects of CAHPS Performance Information on Health Plan Choices by Iowa Medicaid Beneficiaries

The authors found that CAHPS information did not affect health plan choices by Iowa Medicaid beneficiaries.

Journal Article

Health-Related Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Anemia and Malnutrition at Hemodialysis Initiation

Reports results of administering the Kidney Disease Quality of Life short form and a three-item depression screener to 422 patients with end-stage renal disease who began maintenance hemodialysis.

Journal Article

HIV Patients' Experiences with Inpatient and Outpatient Care: Results of a National Survey

Inpatients with HIV reported higher problem rates with inpatient than outpatient care.

Journal Article

Impact of Antiretroviral Regimen Switches on Adherence

Investigates whether a switch in antiretroviral medications affected adherence by examining a prospective observational cohort of 128 patients who began a new antiretroviral regimen.

Journal Article

Patient, Clinician, and Population Perspectives on Determining the Clinical Significance of Quality-of-Life Scores

Examines the clinical significance of QOL scores among patients being treated for major cancers from the perspectives of patients, clinicians, and the general population.

Journal Article

Patient Preferences Regarding Antiretroviral Therapy

Describes results of four focus groups (two English and two Spanish) consisting of 30 HIV patients that elicited antiretroviral treatment preferences.

Journal Article

Patients Using Chiropractors in North America: Who Are They, and Why Are They in Chiropractic Care?

These data support the theory that patients seek chiropractic care almost exclusively for musculoskeletal symptoms.

Journal Article

A Prospective Study of Predictors of Adherence to Combination Antiretroviral Medication

Assesses predictors of long-term (up to 1 year) adherence to newly initiated complex antiretroviral therapy, using an accurate, objective adherence measure.

Journal Article

Seizure Reduction and Quality of Life Improvements in People with Epilepsy

In this study, HRQOL improvement occurred primarily among patients who achieved complete seizure freedom.

Journal Article

Use of the SF-36 and Other Health-Related Quality of Life Measures to Assess Persons with Disabilities

Evaluates the appropriateness of existing approaches to the assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for persons with disabilities.

Journal Article

Associations of Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life: Findings from a National Study of Persons with HIV Infection

The relationship between symptoms and health-related quality of life has not been fully explored.

Journal Article

Brief Screening of Psychiatric Disorders Among a National Sample of HIV-positive Adults: Concordance Between the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the CIDI Short Form (CIDI-SF)

The CIDI-SF provided useful information about general mental health but was less accurate for providing disorder-specific diagnoses than anticipated.

Journal Article

Case-mix Adjustment of the National CAHPS Benchmarking Data 1.0: A Violation of Model Assumptions?

To compare models for the case-mix adjustment of consumer reports and ratings of health care.

Report

Comparison of the ROST and the CAGE Alcohol Screening Instruments in Young Adults

Comparison of the ROST and the CAGE Alcohol Screening Instruments in Young Adults

Report

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS) 1.0 Core Survey

Analyzes the national Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS(R)) 1.0 Core Survey with both Latino and Caucasian consumers and finds that ratings and reports of care show marked convergence.

Journal Article

Cross-cultural Adaptation of Survey Instruments: The CAHPS® Experience

Recommendations for the cross-cultural adaptation of survey instruments and illustrates with examples of what is being done in the CAHPS® Study.

Journal Article

Development of the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire

The reliability and validity of the NEI VFQ-25 are comparable to those of the 51-item NEI VFQ field test version of the survey.

Journal Article

Differences in CAHPS Adult Survey Reports and Ratings by Race and Ethnicity: An Analysis of the National CAHPS Benchmarking Data 1.0

Comparisons of care in racially and ethnically diverse populations based on global ratings of care should be interpreted cautiously.

Report

Does Physician Gender Affect Satisfaction of Men and Women Visiting the Emergency Department?

Assesses the association of physician gender with patient ratings of physician care.

Journal Article

Effects of Cost Sharing on Care Seeking and Health Status: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

This study sought to determine the effect of cost sharing on medical care use for acute symptoms and on health status among chronically ill adults.

Journal Article

Expectations Regarding Aging Among Older Adults and Physicians Who Care for Older Adults

Further study should determine whether physicians address mental health aspects of aging valued by older persons.

Journal Article

Improvement in Emotional Well-Being and Relationships of Users of Sildenafil

Sildenafil users reported improved erectile and sexual function associated with positive changes in emotional well-being and partner relationships.

Journal Article

In Re Alcohol Use in Older Adults

Alcohol use among older adults is a growing concern. Clinicians need to be aware of the health implications of their older patients' alcohol use.

Journal Article

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Parents' Assessments of Pediatric Care in Medicaid Managed Care

This study examines whether parents' reports and ratings of pediatric health care vary by race/ethnicity and language in Medicaid managed care.

Report

The RAND-36 Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life

The RAND-36 Measure of Health-Related Quality of Life

Journal Article

Readability of CAHPS 2.0 Child and Adult Core Surveys

Balance between collecting important information and maintaining a reasonable level of survey readability will be an important consideration.

Journal Article

A Review of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures in Stroke

The objective of this review was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) measures for use with patients with stroke.

Journal Article

Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Initial Reliability and Multitrait Testing of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument for Use in Japan

Translation, cultural adaptation and initial reliability and multitrait testing of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument (KDQOL) for use in Japan.

Journal Article

Using Data to Enhance the Expert Panel Process: Rating Indications of Alcohol-Related Problems in Older Adults

To enhance the validity of a well-known expert panel process, the authors used data from patient surveys to identify and correct rating errors.

Report

Testing CAHPS Health Plan Performance Reports in the Florida Medicaid Program

In collaboration with the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA), RAND conducted a CAHPS demonstration with the Florida Medicaid program to test applications of plan performance reports in the Medicaid sector.

Journal Article

Access to Medical Care Reported by Asians and Pacific Islanders in a West Coast Physician Group Association

Studies need to clarify why Asians were more vulnerable to access problems examined than other ethnic groups that might experience similar barriers.

Journal Article

Adherence to Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: Synthesis of the Literature and Clinical Implications

Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy has a strong impact on virologic response and emergence of viral resistance.

Journal Article

Associations Between Primary Care Physician Satisfaction and Self-Reported Aspects of Utilization Management

Indirect control mechanisms such as guidelines and education were positively associated with satisfaction.

Journal Article

A Chiropractic Supplemental Item Set for the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study

This study produced 10 items that are compatible with the CAHPS core items and are recommended for inclusion as supplemental CAHPS survey items.

Journal Article

Comparative Review of Generic Quality-of-Life Instruments

The assessment of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) is an essential element of healthcare evaluation.

Journal Article

The Concept of Clinically Meaningful Difference in Health-Related Quality-of-Life Research

It is generally believed that small differences in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) may be statistically significant yet clinically unimportant

Journal Article

Coping, Conflictual Social Interactions, Social Support, and Mood Among HIV-infected Persons

Interrelationships among coping, conflictual social interactions, and social support, and their combined associations with positive and negative mood.

Journal Article

Development of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Peripheral Neuropathy

HRQOL was more strongly associated with symptom ratings than with examination and electrophysiologic test results.

Journal Article

Development of Subscales from the Symptoms/Problems and Effects of Kidney Disease Scales of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument

The results of this study further support the reliability and validity of the KDQOL.

Journal Article

Do Consumer Reports of Health Plan Quality Affect Health Plan Selection?

To learn whether consumer reports of health plan quality can affect health plan selection.

Report

Effects of Incentive Size and Timing on Response Rates to a Follow-Up Wave of Longitudinal Mailed Survey

Effects of Incentive Size and Timing on Response Rates to a Follow-Up Wave of Longitudinal Mailed Survey

Journal Article

Electroacupuncture for Control of Myeloablative Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

High-dose chemotherapy poses considerable challenges to emesis management.

Journal Article

Ethnic and Racial Differences in Long-Term Survival from Hospitalization for HIV Infection

This prospective cohort study compares 200 hospitalized, HIV-infected patients from May 1992 to October 1998 to assess mortality (versus survival).

Journal Article

Evaluating the Equivalence of Health Care Ratings By Whites and Hispanics

This study was designed to assess the equivalence of a health care ratings scale administered to non-Hispanic white and Hispanic survey respondents.

Journal Article

Health-related Quality of Life Among People with HIV Disease: Results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

HIV-positive men who are symptomatic or have CD4+ lymphocytes below 200/mm3 have worse perceived mental and physical health than seronegative men.

Journal Article

Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States: Results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study

There is substantial morbidity associated with HIV disease in adults.

Journal Article

Health Status Measurement Performance and Health Status Differences By Age, Ethnicity, and Gender: Assessment in the Medical Outcomes Study

The comparative measurement performance of self-reported health status instruments for African American and Hispanic elderly has rarely been studied.

Journal Article

Identifying a Short Functional Disability Screen for Older Persons

Disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) or activities of daily living (ADLs) is an indicator of health risk.

Journal Article

The Impact of Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Health-Related Quality of Life

Few data are available to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Journal Article

Impact of Psychiatric Conditions on Health-Related Quality of Life in Persons with HIV Infection

Little is known about the impact of comorbid psychiatric symptoms in persons with HIV.

Journal Article

Item Response Theory and Health Outcomes Measurement in the 21st Century

Item response theory (IRT) has a number of potential advantages over classical test theory in assessing self-reported health outcomes.

Journal Article

Measuring Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications in Clinical Trials

Antiretroviral medications have the potential to transform HIV infection from a fatal to a chronic disease.

Journal Article

Physical and Role Functioning Among Persons with HIV: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

Functional limitations of persons living with HIV affect their care needs and ability to perform social roles such as employment.

Journal Article

Quality of Life Measures in Epilepsy: How Well Can They Detect Change Over Time?

Epilepsy-targeted health-related quality of life measures may be preferable to generic ones in longitudinal studies.

Draft

A Review of Consumer Assessments of Physician Groups

Summarizes data — including collection methods and instruments and major domains assessed — about articles discovered during a literature review of sources that include information on consumer assessment of physicians and physician groups.

Journal Article

Self-study from Web-Based and Printed Guideline Materials: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Among Resident Physicians

On-line physician education is increasing, but its efficacy in comparison with existing self-study methods is unknown.

Journal Article

Testosterone Replacement and Resistance Exercise in HIV-infected Men with Weight Loss and Low Testosterone Levels

Previous studies of testosterone supplementation in HIV-infected men failed to demonstrate improvement in muscle strength.

Journal Article

Using a Criterion Standard to Validate the Alcohol-Related Problems Survey (ARPS): A Screening Measure to Identify Harmful and Hazardous Drinking in Older Persons

Compared the ARPS to a CS among 22 persons aged 65 and older who reported consuming at least one drink of alcohol in the previous 12 months.

Journal Article

Are Latinos Less Satisfied with Communication by Health Care Providers?

Latino/Spanish respondents are significantly more dissatisfied with provider communication than Latino/English and white respondents.

Journal Article

Associations of Clinical Parameters with Health-Related Quality of Life in Hospitalized Persons with HIV Disease

HRQOL measures are useful tools for assessing the effects of HIV disease on the day-to-day life of individuals with HIV disease.

Journal Article

Development of the Smoking Cessation Quality of Life Questionnaire

This paper describes the development of the Smoking Cessation Quality of Life (SCQoL) questionnaire.

Journal Article

Drinking Habits Among Older Persons: Findings from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study (1982-84)

To describe alcohol use and its sociodemographic correlates among persons aged 65 years and older in a US probability sample.

Journal Article

Health Status and Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services

To evaluate the relationship between self-reported health status and satisfaction with pharmacy services.

Journal Article

The Influence of Gatekeeping and Utilization Review on Patient Satisfaction

Influence of utilization review and denial of specialty referrals on patient satisfaction, willingness to recommend physician, and desire to disenroll

Journal Article

An International Comparison of the Reliability and Responsiveness of the Duke Health Profile for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients Treated with Alprostadil for Erectile Dysfunction

It is important that health measures are both reliable and responsive to clinical change.

Journal Article

A New Paradigm for Alcohol Use in Older Persons

Current paradigms for conceptualizing alcohol-related problems typically focus on persons who are abusing or dependent on alcohol.

Report

Psychometric Properties of the CAHPS 1.0 Survey Measures

This article reports psychometric results for the CAHPS 1.0 survey items in individuals with Medicaid or private health insurance coverage.

Journal Article

A Randomized Trial of the Use of Patient Self-Assessment Data to Improve Community Practices

Because of time constraints in the office environment, problems of concern to elderly patients may not be raised during clinic visits.

Journal Article

Sensitivity, Specificity, Reliability, and Clinical Validity of Provider-Reported Symptoms: A Comparison with Self-Reported Symptoms

Provider-reported symptoms as currently collected within the ACTG are less sensitive and reproducible than a self-administered symptom survey.

Report

Special Issues Addressed in the CAHPS Survey of Medicare Managed Care Beneficiaries

This article describes the process through which the Medicare Managed Care (MMC) survey was developed, and examines issues in using this Medicare beneficiary survey that have implications for all CAHPS surveys.

Report

Special Issues in Assessing Care of Medicaid Recipients

Special issues in assessing care of Medicaid recipients

Journal Article

Use of Relevancy Ratings by Target Respondents to Develop Health-Related Quality of Life Measures: An Example with African-American Elderly

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments assess functioning and well-being.

Report

Adjusting for attrition in school-based samples : bias, precision, and cost trade-offs of three methods

Adjusting for attrition in school-based samples : bias, precision, and cost trade-offs of three methods

Draft

Adjustment of Consumer Assessments of Health Plans in the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Studies (CAHPS)

This report considers different models for case mix adjustment in the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study.

Journal Article

Constitutional Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Symptomatic HIV Disease

Assess the severity of constitutional symptoms in persons with HIV infection, and their relationship to health-related quality of life.

Journal Article

Does Dissatisfaction with Access to Specialists Affect the Desire to Leave a Managed Care Plan?

Frequent changes in health plan enrollment may lead to discontinuity of care and compromise quality.

Journal Article

Effects of Testosterone Replacement with a Nongenital, Transdermal System, Androderm, in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men with Low Testosterone Levels

Assess whether testosterone supplementation can produce clinically meaningful changes in muscle function and disease outcome in HIV-infected men.

Draft

The HIV Cost & Services Utilization Study (HCSUS) Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life

This 1998 report provides insight into the construction of the 14 survey items included in RAND's HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study health-related quality of life survey.

Journal Article

Member Ratings of Health Care Provided by 48 Physician Groups

Satisfaction with health plan performance has been assessed frequently, but assessment of physician group performance is rare

Journal Article

The Prospective Effect of Access to Medical Care on Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Patients with Symptomatic HIV Disease

This study examined the prospective effect of reported access to medical care on health-related quality-of-life outcomes.

Journal Article

Psychometric Properties of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire

NEI-VFQ should be a useful tool for group-level comparisons of vision-targeted, health-related quality of life in clinical research.

Journal Article

Reliability of an Arabic Version of the RAND-36 Health Survey and Its Equivalence to the US-English Version

Additional studies need to be conducted in a sample of the Saudi population to further assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version.

Journal Article

The Structure of Satisfaction with Pharmacy Services

The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the dimensional structure of satisfaction with pharmacy services, to determine whether satisfaction is best viewed as a unidimensional or multidimensional construct, and to determine the degree of correspondence between a general satisfaction scale and satisfaction with specific aspects of pharmacy services.

Research Brief

Teenage Alcohol Misuse: A Big Problem and a Different Solution

Research confirms the pervasive nature of teenage drinking and indicates that alcohol misuse may be more of a problem than previously imagined. A second study shows teen drinking is more strongly associated with sociability than with antisocial behavior.

Journal Article

The UCLA Prostate Cancer Index: Development, Reliability, and Validity of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure

The need for accurate measures of HRQOL in men treated for prostate cancer is important because they may survive for many years after their diagnosis

Draft

Use of the CAHPS Medicaid Managed Care Questionnaire by the New Jersey Medicaid Program

This report summarizes the adaptations that the New Jersey Medicaid program made to the Consumer Assessment of Health Plan Study questionnaires in response to the program's unique requirements and interests.

Journal Article

A Comparison of Satisfaction with Mail versus Traditional Pharmacy Services

Reports on a study that adapted the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire to measure satisfaction with traditional pharmacy and mail pharmacy services.

Journal Article

Impact of Response Options and Feedback About Response Inconsistencies on Frequency of Alcohol Use Self-Reports by Microcomputer

Studies the Blood Alcohol Concentration level of motor vehicle drivers in California with the use on self-reports of alcohol use by a microcomputer.

Journal Article

Applications of the Medical Outcomes Study: Health-Related Quality of Life Measures in HIV/AIDS

Summarizes the leading health status instruments in HIV research that are based on the pool of items developed as part of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), which was begun at RAND.

Journal Article

Assessing Health and Quality of Life Outcomes in Dialysis: A Report on an Institute of Medicine Workshop

A special report on an Institute of Medicine Workshop assessing health and quality-of-life outcomes in dialysis. The conclusion of the workshop was that there was no one best quality-of-life instrument. However, the workshop agreed that a number of valid instruments exist and others are being developed. Priority should go to gaining experience using these instruments in the clinical setting, acquiring enough data to interpret quality-of-life scale scored differences in a consistent way, and beginning the correlation of quality-of-life data with clinical outcome measures.

Journal Article

Comparison of a Generic to Disease-Targeted Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures for Multiple Sclerosis

Deals with the comparison of a generic measure to a disease-targeted health-related quality-of-life measure for multiple sclerosis. The article is based on data obtained from 171 adults with multiple sclerosis, and compares a generic measure and a disease-targeted instrument. The major conclusion of this study is that results indicate that the disease-targeted scales provide unique information not captured by the generic measures. If a generic measure of health-related quality of life is desirable for a given study of multiple sclerosis, additional information will be gained by supplementing that measure with selected scales.

Journal Article

Conceptual Measurement, and Analytical Issues in Assessing Health Status in Older Populations

From a public health perspective, health status needs to be defined in terms of aspects of health that can be addressed by the public health system and that are relevant to those who are the primary targets of public health interventions--namely, the more disadvantaged segments of the older population such as those of lower socioeconomic status and ethnic minorities. Issues in defining health are basically similar for older and younger populations, with the exception of issues pertaining to the increased diversity in health in older populations.

Report

Derivation of Physical and Mental Health Composite Indices in the HIV Outcomes Study

Journal Article

The Impact of Blurred Vision on Functioning and Well-Being

This study examines the impact of blurred vision on functioning and well-being.

Report

Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQL-SF™), Version 1.2: A Manual for Use and Scoring (French Questionnaire, France)

A self-report measure developed for individuals with kidney disease and those on dialysis. The instructions are in English; the questionnaire itself is in French. The questionnaire takes 20-30 minutes to complete.

Report

Kidney Disease Quality of LIfe Short Form (KDQOL-SF™), Version 1.2: A Manual for Use and Scoring (German Questionnaire, Germany)

A self-report measure developed for individuals with kidney disease and those on dialysis. The instructions are in English; the questionnaire itself is in German. The questionnaire takes 20-30 minutes to complete.

Report

Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF™), Version 1.2: A Manual for Use and Scoring (Japanese Questionnaire, Japan)

A self-report measure developed for individuals with kidney disease and those on dialysis.

Report

Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF™), Version 1.2: A Manual for Use and Scoring (Italian Questionnaire, Italy)

A self-report measure developed for individuals with kidney disease and those on dialysis. The instructions are in English; the questionnaire itself is in Italian. The questionnaire takes 20-30 minutes to complete.

Report

Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF™), Version 1.2: A Manual for Use and Scoring (Spanish Questionnaire, Spain)

A self-report measure developed for individuals with kidney disease and those on dialysis.

Report

Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF ™), Version 1.3: A Manual for Use and Scoring

A self-report measure developed for individuals with kidney disease and those on dialysis.

Report

Long-Term Care Residents' Preferences for Health States on the Quality of Well-Being Scale

The aim of this study was to compare preferences of a long-term care population with those of the general population.

Report

Measuring Chiropractic Practitioner Satisfaction

Survey research was conducted to assess chiropractic practitioner satisfaction.

Journal Article

Primary Care Physicians' Satisfaction with Quality of Care in California Capitated Medical Groups

Examines primary care physicians' satisfaction with quality of care in California capitated medical groups.

Journal Article

A Randomized Trial of Office-Based Screening for Common Problems in Older Persons

A brief measure to screen for common conditions in older persons was associated with more frequent detection and follow-up assessment of hearing loss.

Journal Article

Results of Focus Groups with Consumers and Physicians Concerning Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Assesses the preferences, knowledge, and attitudes of consumers and physicians regarding alternative treatments for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and analyzes results.

Report

A review of health-related quality-of-life measures used in end-state renal disease

A review of health-related quality-of-life measures used in end-state renal disease

Journal Article

Stressful Life Events and Health-Related Quality of Life in College Students

Examines the relationship between recent stressful life events in the past year and health-related quality of life among 350 college students, and sought to understand the moderating effect of gender.

Draft

Summary of RAND's 1996 Field Test: Results from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study

Provides a summary of RAND's field test of survey questions and report formats that health insurance plans and sponsors can use to assess health plan performance.

Report

Translation of the RAND 36-ITEM Health Survey 1.0 (aka SF-36) into Arabic

The objectives of this research were to: (1) translate the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 (aka SF-36) into Arabic; (2) evaluate the reliability and equivalence of the Arabic and English versions in a sample of Saudi Arabian citizens; ...

Journal Article

Understanding Changes in Health Status: Is the Floor Phenomenon Merely the Last Step of the Staircase?

This methodologic article provides new insight into changes in health status.

Draft

When Does A Plan Differ Significantly from Other Plans? : Statistical and Practical Significance Criteria of Star Ratings for the New Jersey CAHPS Survey

The number of overall stars a health plan receives under New Jersey's Consumer Assessment Health Plans Survey program is not sensitive to different thresholds. However, the multi-item composite star ratings are sensitive to thresholds.

Journal Article

Alcohol-related Problems in Older Persons: Determinants, Consequences, and Screening

Demographic trends reveal the elderly to be the fastest growing segment of the population.

Journal Article

Health Status and Satisfaction with Health Care: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

Relations between self-assessed health status and satisfaction with health care were examined using 2 waves of data obtained from participants in the Medical Outcomes Study.

Journal Article

Access to Community-Based Medical Services and Number of Hospitalizations Among Patients with HIV Disease: Are They Related?

The authors studied 217 patients interviewed while hospitalized at seven Southern California hospitals for CD4 counts and illness severity.

Report

Associations Between Drug Use and Deviant Behavior in Teenagers

Results suggest that drug prevention programs that curb initial and regular use of the gateway drugs may have a broader, spillover impact on other deviant behavior.

Journal Article

Bedside Charting of Pain Levels in Hospitalized Patients with Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Examines bedside charting of pain levels in hospitalized patients with cancer to see if it yields an improvement in pain control in cancer patients.

Draft

Compilation of Potential Medicaid-Targeted Items for Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (CAHPS)

This report compiles items designated for Medicaid eligibles. The final item set is intended to supplement the standard item set for the Consumer Assessment of Health Plan Study (CAHPS).

Report

Derivation and properties of a brief health status assessment instrument for use in HIV disease

Derivation and properties of a brief health status assessment instrument for use in HIV disease

Report

Do response options influence self-reports of alcohol use?

Do response options influence self-reports of alcohol use?

Report

Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses

Functioning and well-being outcomes of patients with depression compared with chronic general medical illnesses

Report

Managed care and capitation in California, how do physicians at financial risk control their own utilization?

Managed care and capitation in California, how do physicians at financial risk control their own utilization?

Draft

A Microcomputer Program (sf36.exe) that Generates SAS Code for Scoring the SF-36 Health Survey

This paper describes a microcomputer that can be used to generate SAS code for scoring the SF-36 Health Survey, one of the most widely used measures of health-related quality of life today.

Report

Outcomes in 248 patients who had diagnostic evaluations for epilepsy surgery

Outcomes in 248 patients who had diagnostic evaluations for epilepsy surgery

Journal Article

Pharmacoeconomics and Quality of Life Research Beyond the Randomized Clinical Trial

RCTs yield essential information about potential therapeutic interventions when the optimal treatment for a condition is unknown.

Journal Article

Physician Implementation of and Patient Adherence to Recommendations from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Tests the feasibility of interventions designed to increase primary care physician implementation of and patient adherence to recommendations from ambulatory-based consultative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), and to identify predictors of physician and patient adherence.

Journal Article

Quality Assurance in Capitated Physician Groups: Where Is the Emphasis?

Describes quality assurance programs implemented by capitated physician groups.

Report

Recall of Recommendations and Adherence to Advice Among Patients with Chronic Medical Conditions

Journal Article

The Role of the Chiropractor in the Changing Health Care System: From Marginal to Mainstream

Based on data collected from about 500 chiropractic patients and 44 chiropractors in the Los Angeles area, this article examines the chiropractor's role in the changing health care system.

Report

Teenagers and Alcohol Misuse in the United States: By Any Definition, It's a Big Problem

This study examines the prevalence and demographic predictors of teenage alcohol misuse in a diverse sample of 4390 high school seniors and dropouts.

Report

What is adolescent alcohol misuse in the United States according to the experts?

What is adolescent alcohol misuse in the United States according to the experts?

Journal Article

Response Burden, Reliability, and Validity of the CAGE, Short MAST, and AUDIT Alcohol Screening Measures

We administered the CAGE, the Short MAST, and the AUDIT to 832 clients at drinking driver treatment programs in Southern California.

Journal Article

General Reliability and Intraclass Correlation Program (GRIP)

This article presents an SAS macro that computes reliability estimates and intraclass correlations for one-way and two-way ANOVA models.

Journal Article

Tracking, Weighting, and Sample Selection Modeling to Correct for Attrition

The authors' validation analyses show excellent agreement between weighted estimates under simulated attrition and the true values observed at baseline, and good adjustments at the three-year follow-up.

Journal Article

Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Disadvantaged and Very Ill Populations

The authors conducted an observational study on the effectiveness of clinical evaluation in the real-world settings of public clinics that treat HIV patients.

Journal Article

Dartmouth COOP Functional Health Assessment Charts: Brief Measures for Clinical Practice

Shows how the Dartmouth (COOP) functional health assessment charts can be used in clinical practice, and provides the brief measures used in those charts.

Journal Article

Access to Medical Care and Health-Related Quality of Life for Low-Income Persons with Symptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study among 205 low- income HIV-infected symptomatic persons in order to assess the association between accessibility of medical care and HRQOL for persons with HIV disease.

Report

Agreement between self reports and proxy reports of quality of life in epilepsy patients

Agreement between self reports and proxy reports of quality of life in epilepsy patients

Report

The Chiropractic Satisfaction Questionnaire

The authors designed a 14-item measure of satisfaction with chiropractic care, entitled the Chiropractic Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ).

Journal Article

Comparing Outcomes and Charges for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Three Community Hospitals: An Approach for Assessing "Value"

Assesses the value of care (outcomes in relation to charges) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Journal Article

Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life in Clinical Trial and Nonclinical Trial Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Cohorts

HRQOL was compared in two cohorts to determine if results of clinical trials for patients with HIV infection to patients not in clinical trials can be generalized.

Journal Article

A Cost and Value Analysis of Two Interventions with Incontinent Nursing Home Residents

Analyzes the cost and value of implementing two interventions that have been shown to improve functional status in incontinent nursing home residents.

Report

Development of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Instrument

This paper describes the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Instrument (dialysis version).

Journal Article

Development of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory

Describes the development of a 99-item epilepsy HRQOL inventory that includes the SF-36 as its core.

Journal Article

Directions for Future Research

Comments on the future development and refinement of HRQOL measures for adults with epilepsy. The author concludes that, instead of developing new measures, efforts should focus on evaluating, fine-tuning, and applying existing measures. Coordinated, collaborative efforts are needed for an efficient advancement in the measurement of HRQOL in epilepsy.

Report

Evaluating agreement between clinical assessment methods

Evaluating agreement between clinical assessment methods

Journal Article

Feasibility and Accuracy of a Postcard Diary System for Tracking Healthcare Utilization of Community-Dwelling Older Persons

Discusses the feasibility and accuracy of a weekly postcard diary system for tracking health care utilization among 24 community- dwelling older persons.

Journal Article

Health-related Quality of Life in HIV Disease

This article examines the structure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among 205 symptomatic HIV-positive individuals.

Journal Article

A Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Multiple Sclerosis

Describes the development of an HRQOL measure for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Report

The Impact of Patient Adherence on Health Outcomes for Patients with Chronic Disease in the Medical Outcomes Study

The association between adherence to medical recommendations and health outcomes was examined in a 4-year longitudinal, observational study of 2,125 adult patients with chronic medical conditions and/or depression.

Journal Article

Measuring Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Comparison of Self-Administered, Interviewer-Administered, and Performance-Based Measures

Compares two self- administered, two interviewer-administered, and one performance-based measure of physical functioning in community-based older persons.

Draft

The Medical Quality Commission (TMQC) 1994-1995 Consumer Satisfaction Study

This report presents the results of the Medical Quality Commission 1994–1995 Consumer Satisfaction Study.

Journal Article

Outcome Assessment for Epilepsy Surgery: The Impact of Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life

The Epilepsy Surgery Inventory (ESI-55), developed at RAND, was used as an external standard to evaluate seven previously published seizure-based (physiologic) outcome classification systems.

Report

The Outpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (OSQ-37): Executive Summary

In Fall 1989 through Winter 1990 a survey of employees with health care coverage who submitted claims for outpatient care--the Outpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (OSQ-37)--was conducted to address three questions: How do employees rate their medic...

Report

Perceptions of intoxication and impairment at arrest among adults convicted on driving under the influence of alcohol

Perceptions of intoxication and impairment at arrest among adults convicted on driving under the influence of alcohol

Report

Personal and psychosocial risk factors for physical and mental health outcomes and course of depression among depressed patients

Personal and psychosocial risk factors for physical and mental health outcomes and course of depression among depressed patients

Journal Article

Population-based Surveys of Access and Consumer Satisfaction with Health Care

Evaluates surveys currently used to measure access and quality of care from the perspective of the consumer of health services.

Journal Article

Psychometric Evaluation and Interpretation of Health-Related Quality of Life Data

Attention to the psychometric characteristics of HRQOL instruments will help improve measurement of health outcomes in future research.

Journal Article

Quality-of-life Outcomes in Men Treated for Localized Prostate Cancer

Reports on a cross-sectional analysis of HRQOL outcome measures among men treated for localized prostate cancer with either radical prostatectomy, pelvic radiation, or observation alone.

Journal Article

The Relationship Between Visual Acuity and Functioning and Well-Being Among Diabetics

Examines the relationship of standard clinical measures of vision and measures of functioning and well-being.

Report

Subthreshold depression and depressive disorder : clinical characteristics of general medical and mental health specialty outpatients

Subthreshold depression and depressive disorder : clinical characteristics of general medical and mental health specialty outpatients

Report

User's Manual for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Core Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life

This manual describes self-administered patient questionnaires that were developed for patients participating in the Medical Outcomes Study, a multi-year, nonexperimental study of variations in physician practice styles and patient outcomes in...

Journal Article

Validation of a New Measure of Diarrhea

Presents a visual system designed to characterize diarrhea from the perspective of HIV-infected patients.

Journal Article

The Benefits and Pitfalls of Health Services Research Funded by Proprietary Firms

This editorial, written in response to an article appearing in another professional journal, discusses the benefits and pitfalls of health services research funded by proprietary firms.

Journal Article

A Short-Form Measure of Dentists' Job Satisfaction

In a time of rapid change in the health care system, dentists' assessments of their jobs provide important insights info areas needing attention in the profession.

Report

Do Depressed Patients in Different Treatment Settings Have Different Levels of Well-Being and Functioning?

Difficulties in the functioning and well-being of adult patients with current or past depressive disorder who visited clinicians of different specialties in health maintenance organizations, solo practices, or large multispecialty group practices were examined.

Report

Four-Year Cross-Lagged Associations Between Physical and Mental Health in the Medical Outcomes Study

This article provides an application of structural equation modeling to the evaluation of cross-lagged panel models.

Report

The impact of response options and location in a microcomputer interview on drinking drivers' alcohol use self-reports

The impact of response options and location in a microcomputer interview on drinking drivers' alcohol use self-reports

Journal Article

Long-term Functioning and Well-Being Outcomes Associated with Physical Activity and Exercise in Patients with Chronic Conditions in the Medical Outcomes Study

Describes the effects of exercise on outcomes for approximately 1,800 adult patients with one or more of six conditions: diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, recent heart attack, depressive symptoms, or current depressive disorder.

Report

Measuring Patient-Reported Health Status in Advanced HIV Disease: HIV-PARSE Survey Instrument

Interest in using patient reported health status assessments as an outcome in clinical trials of therapies for HIV disease is increasing. This document presents such an assessment, the HIV-PARSE survey instrument.

Report

The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18)

This article reports on the development and psychometric properties of a short-form version of the 50-item Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire III (PSQ-III).

Journal Article

A Perceived Health Index for Use in Persons with Advanced HIV Disease: Derivation, Reliability, and Validity

Using health status measures adapted from the MOS scale and contained in the HIV-PARSE survey instrument, RAND developed a perceived health index for people with advanced HIV disease.

Report

Physicians' Characteristics Influence Patients' Adherence to Medical Treatment: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

The influence of physicians' attributes and practice style on patients' adherence to treatment was examined in a 2-year longitudinal study of 186 physicians and their diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease patients

Report

Prevalence of comorbid alcohol disorder and consumption in medically ill and depressed patients

Prevalence of comorbid alcohol disorder and consumption in medically ill and depressed patients

Journal Article

Short-Form Measures of Physician and Employee Judgments About Hospital Quality

Compares a short- and long-form instrument that measures physician and employee judgments about hospital care.

Report

The structure of patient satisfaction with outpatient medical care

The structure of patient satisfaction with outpatient medical care

Report

Development of measures of physical activity/exercise and tests of variations in physical activity levels within chronic disease groups in the Medical Outcomes Study

This Paper describes self-administered measures of physical activity and exercise developed for the Medical Outcomes Study. The measures were designed to be appropriate for individuals with chronic medical disease and depression, enabling detection o...

Draft

Do limitations in functioning and well-being of depressed outpatients persist over time?

Do limitations in functioning and well-being of depressed outpatients persist over time?

Draft

Personal and psychosocial risk factors for physical and mental health outcomes and course of depression among depressed patients

Personal and psychosocial risk factors for physical and mental health outcomes and course of depression among depressed patients

Draft

Quality of life of epilepsy surgery patients compared to outpatients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and

Quality of life of epilepsy surgery patients compared to outpatients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and

Report

The RAND 36-item health survey 1.0

The RAND 36-item health survey 1.0

Report

Support for the Reliability of Directional Bias, Response Range, and Extreme Checking Response Sets

Hui and Triandis (1985) examined three response sets (directional bias, response range, extreme checking) and concluded that correlations across time formed a simplex pattern and, therefore, the response sets change over time. In this paper, the Hui ...

Journal Article

Do the Pictures Influence Scores on the Dartmouth COOP Charts?

Examines the effect of illustrations on COOP Chart responses.

Journal Article

Benefits and Obstacles of Health Status Assessment in Ambulatory Settings: The Clinician's Point of View

In the past decade physicians have identified the need to expand patient assessment to include global function and quality of life.

Journal Article

Improving Task Comprehension in the Measurement of Health State Preferences: A Trial of Informational Cartoon Figures and a Paired-Comparison Task

Evaluates two methods for facilitating task-comprehension in generic preference assessment instruments.

Commercial Book

Measuring Functioning and Well-Being: The Medical Outcomes Study Approach

This book provides a set of ready-to-use generic measures that are applicable to all adults, including those well and chronically ill, as well as a methodological guide to collecting health data and constructing health measures.

Journal Article

The Physician and Employee Judgment System: Reliability and Validity of a Hospital Quality Measurement Method

Shows that systems can be developed to measure quality from the perspective of physicians and hospital employees, and that these measures are reliable and valid.

Journal Article

Reliability and Validity of the Katz Adjustment Scales in an Epilepsy Sample

Development of quality of life measures de novo is time-consuming and expensive, and a number of instruments are already available for general use.

Journal Article

The Short-Term Effect of Patient Health Status Assessment in a Health Maintenance Organization

This study was designed to test the short-term effects of health assessment on the process of care and patient satisfaction.

Journal Article

Value of Functional Status as a Predictor of Mortality: Results of a Prospective Study

The authors conducted a 4-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study of functionally impaired community-dwelling elderly persons.

Journal Article

Multitrait-multimethod Analysis of Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measures

Interest in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is burgeoning and there has been a proliferation of self-report measures of HRQOL.

Journal Article

Development of an Instrument to Measure Job Satisfaction Among Dentists

Because of the rapid changes that have occurred in the dental profession, the Dentist Satisfaction Survey (DSS) was developed to assess both facet and overall job satisfaction among dentists.

Report

Antecedents of Drinking among Young Adolescents with Different Alcohol Use Histories

Testing separate path analytic models for seventh grade users and nonusers, this study assesses the impact of cognitive, social influence, and behavioral antecedents on adolescent drinking three and twelve months later.

Report

Marital Status, Social Support, and Health Transitions in Chronic Disease Patients

Married persons tend to be healthier, both physically and mentally, than unmarried persons.

Report

User's Guide for the Longitudinal Scalogram Analysis Program

User's manual for the Longitudinal Scalogram Analysis (LSA) program. LSA is an extension of cross-sectional scalogram analysis to longitudinal data.

Report

Beyond Internal Consistency Reliability: Rationale and User's Guide for Multitrait Analysis Program on the Microcomputer

Presents a methodology for evaluating Likert-type scales.

Journal Article

The Functional Status of Patients: How Can It Be Measured in Physicians' Offices?

The COOP Charts are practical, reliable, valid, sensitive to the effects of disease and useful for quickly measuring patient function.

Journal Article

Hierarchical Measures of Physical Function in Ambulatory Geriatrics

Brief and uncomplicated methods for obtaining information on functional status would facilitate the assessment of older patients.

Report

How Generalizable Are Adolescents' Beliefs About Pro-Drug Pressures and Resistance Self-Efficacy?

Based on three waves of data from 1,261 adolescents, this study examines the nature of resistance self-efficacy in relation to different drugs and social situations, as well as its relationship to perceived pressure to use drugs.

Report

Longitudinal Scalogram Analysis: A Methodology and Microcomputer Program for Guttman Scale Analysis of Longitudinal Data

Discusses the benefits of longitudinal scalogram analysis (LSA) relative to cross-sectional methods of analysis.

Report

The structure of self-reported health in chronic-disease patients

This Note evaluates a multidimensional model of self-reported health status in 1,980 patients with one or more chronic medical conditions. It hypothesizes two dimensions of health: physical health, defined by measures of physical functioning, role li...

Report

Age and functional health status

This paper examines the relationship between age and functional health status in two cross-sectional studies: (1) a random household sample of 2,008 adults, and (2) a sample of 1,227 ambulatory patients in northern New England. Results reveal diminis...

Report

Functional Status and Well-Being of Patients with Chronic Conditions: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

Enhancing daily functioning and well-being is an increasingly advocated goal in the treatment of patients with chronic disease.

Report

The Functioning and Well-Being of Depressed Patients: Results from the Medical Outcomes Study

This Note describes the functioning and well-being of patients with depression, relative to patients with chronic medical conditions or no chronic conditions.

Report

User's Guide for the Multitrait Analysis Program (MAP)

This user's guide specifies how to set up the MAP input file, provides an example using MAP on a VAX-780, and summarizes published examples of multitrait scaling.

Report

A microcomputer program for analyzing multitrait-multimethod matrices

This paper describes a FORTRAN program for the IBM and IBM-compatible microcomputers, which analyzes multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrices. The program minimizes the difficulty in practical applications of the MTMM technique, providing the statisti...

Journal Article

Problem Behavior Theory and Adolescent Alcohol Use

The prevalence of adolescent alcohol use has prompted interest in identifying the factors associated with its use.

Report

Multistage path models of adolescent alcohol and drug use: a reanalysis

Simplex and nonsimplex models containing personality and perceived environmental variables as predictors of current use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs were compared in this reanalysis of a 1980 study by R. H. Potvin and C. Lee. Contrary to th...

Journal Article

An Integrated Value-Expectancy Theory of Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Value-expectancy theories are integrated into a conceptual framework which provides a common basis for understanding usage of alcohol and other drugs.