News Release
Land-Use Zoning Shown to Affect Crime Rates in Los Angeles
Mar 5, 2013
Reducing Crime by Shaping the Built Environment with Zoning
An Empirical Study of Los Angeles
Published in: University of Pennsylvania Law Review, v. 161, no. 699, 2013
Posted on RAND.org on January 01, 2013
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Access further information on this document at www.pennumbra.comThis article was published outside of RAND. The full text of the article can be found at the link above.
The idea of using law to change the built environment in ways that reduce opportunities to commit crimes has a long history. Unfortunately, this idea has received relatively little attention in the legal academy and only limited rigorous empirical scrutiny. In this Article, we review the considerable literature on the relationship between zoning, the built environment, and crime. We then report the results of two empirical studies on these relationships. First, we conducted a study of the effect of zoning on crime using 205 blocks selected in eight different relatively high crime neighborhoods in Los Angeles that have similar demographic character- istics but different forms of zoned land use. We find that mixed commercial- and residential-zoned areas are associated with lower crime than are commercial-only zoned areas. Second, we matched neighborhoods undergoing zoning changes between 2006 and 2010 with neighborhoods that underwent no zoning changes during this period but had similar preexisting crime trajectories between 1994 and 2005. The primary zoning change in these neighborhoods was to convert parcels to residential uses. We find that neighborhoods in which there was a zoning change experienced a significant decline in crime. Our results suggest that mixing residential-only zoning into commercial blocks may be a promising means of reducing crime.
Access further information on this document at www.pennumbra.com
This article was published outside of RAND. The full text of the article can be found at the link above.
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