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Chasing the Dragon

Assessing China’s System of Export Controls for WMD-Related Goods and Technologies

by Evan S. Medeiros

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China’s export controls on sensitive equipment, materials, and technologies used to produce weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have evolved significantly since the early 1980s. This monograph examines the structure and operation of the Chinese government’s system of controls on exports of items that could be used in the production of WMD and WMD-related delivery systems. The author identifies the key organizations involved in export control decisionmaking, the laws and regulations that form the basis of the Chinese government’s system of controls, and the interactions among government organizations involved in vetting sensitive exports. The author assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the system’s ability to implement and enforce government export controls and identifies several challenges that the Chinese government currently faces in improving the current functioning of its nascent export control system.

Table of Contents

  • Chapter One

    Introduction

  • Chapter Two

    History of Chinese Export Controls

  • Chapter Three

    Key Organizations in China’s Export Control System

  • Chapter Four

    Chinese Export Control Decisionmaking: Registration and Licensing Processes

  • Chapter Five

    Challenges in Implementation and Enforcement of Export Controls

  • Chapter Six

    Future Challenges for China’s Export Control System

  • Appendix A

    Application for Registration as an Authorized Exporter of Sensitive Goods and

  • Appendix B

    Application for a License to Export Sensitive Goods and Technology

  • Appendix C

    End-User and End-Use Certificates

  • Appendix D

    End-User Certificate for Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macao

Research conducted by

The research described in this report was conducted within the RAND National Security Research Division, which conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, the defense agencies, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. intelligence community, allied foreign governments, and foundations.

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