Toward More Effective Use of Expert Opinion
Preliminary Investigation of Participatory Polling for Long-Range Planning
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The technique of participatory polling was developed for a prototype trial in response to the need for long-range R&D planning requiring the opinions, assumptions, and values of planners and decisionmakers. Currently used techniques, such as Delphi, suffer from numerous limitations. This polling technique has five key features: (1) iterative polling, (2) participant-interpreted reasons for responses, (3) evaluation of the interpretations of others, (4) quantitative and qualitative group feedback, and (5) formal questionnaire design and analysis. The paper describes the application of this technique at Rand to a sample of 10 experts on long-range R&D planning for the close air support mission in the Air Force. The resulting data were computed in a three-way analysis of variance consisting of three main effects and their associated interactions. Results for the expert opinions were generally credible and internally consistent. Formal experimental procedures were explicit, replicable, and amenable to quantitative analyses, and the associated measures were statistically reliable.
This report is part of the RAND Corporation Paper series. The paper was a product of the RAND Corporation from 1948 to 2003 that captured speeches, memorials, and derivative research, usually prepared on authors' own time and meant to be the scholarly or scientific contribution of individual authors to their professional fields. Papers were less formal than reports and did not require rigorous peer review.
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