Value-Added Assessment in Practice
Lessons from the Pennsylvania Value-Added Assessment System Pilot Project
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The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 places a strong emphasis on the use of student achievement test scores to measure school performance, and, throughout the United States, school and district education reform efforts are increasingly focusing on the use of student achievement data to make decisions about curriculum and instruction. To encourage and facilitate data-driven decisionmaking, many states and districts have begun providing staff with information from value-added assessment (VAA) systems — collections of complex statistical techniques that use multiple years of test-score data to try to estimate the causal effects of individual schools or teachers on student learning. The authors examined Pennsylvania’s value-added assessment system, which was rolled out in four waves, allowing comparison of a subset of school districts participating in the VAA program with matched comparison districts not in the program. The study found no significant differences in student achievement between VAA and comparison districts. The authors surveyed school superintendents, principals, and teachers from these districts about their attitudes toward and use of test and value-added data for decisionmaking, and found that most educators at schools participating in the VAA program do not make significant use of the information it provides. McCaffrey and Hamilton conclude that the utility of VAA cannot be accurately assessed until educators become more engaged in using value-added measures.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Methods and Data
Chapter Three
Effects of PVAAS on Student Achievement
Chapter Four
Superintendents’ Responses to PVAAS
Chapter Five
Principals’ Responses to PVAAS
Chapter Six
Teachers’ Responses to PVAAS
Chapter Seven
Summary and Implications
Appendix
Matching Results Summary Tables and Figures
The research described in this report was conducted within RAND Education, a division of the RAND Corporation. It was funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, the National Education Association, and the Pennsylvania State Education Association. Additional funding came from the Connecticut Education Association, Education Minnesota, and the Ohio Education Association.
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