Paul Heaton

Overview

Commentary

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  Tax Reform Could Raise Car Insurance Rates

  The new tax law eliminates the individual mandate. When this repeal takes effect in 2019, millions more Americans are expected to go without health insurance. Auto insurers will likely pick up the tab for some of that population's medical care. That could raise car insurance premiums.

  Feb 4, 2018 U.S. News & World Report

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  Americans' Hearts, but Not Necessarily Wallets, Will Be Open for Victims of Navy Yard Shootings

  Comparisons are already being drawn between Monday's terrible events in the Washington Navy Yard and other recent high profile mass shootings, including those that occurred last year in Newtown, Conn., and Aurora, Colo. However, one way in which this shooting may differ from other events is in who — if anybody — provides financial compensation for those who are injured.

  Sep 18, 2013 The RAND Blog

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  Short-Term Savings, Long-Term Losses: When Police Departments Respond to Economic Pressure by Cutting Their Forces

  Many police departments around the United States have faced budget cuts recently. Ultimately, say Paul Heaton and Brian Jackson, for police services, as with most other things, you get what you pay for.

  Nov 12, 2012 The RAND Blog

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  PIP Mandate Keeps Michigan's Auto Premiums High

  By offering consumers more flexibility in personal injury protection (PIP) coverage, the Michigan legislature can reduce costs for many drivers while enabling those who want the best coverage to continue to buy it, writes Paul Heaton.

  Jul 18, 2012 The Detroit News

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  Unraveling the IT Productivity Paradox—Lessons for Health Care

  Although health care organizations have favorable characteristics that can maximize IT's benefits, the reengineering of health care delivery is only beginning, write Spencer Jones, Paul Heaton, Robert Rudin, and Eric Schneider.

  Jun 14, 2012 New England Journal of Medicine

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  Save Money Hire Police

  The high cost of crime to society suggests that adding police officers may give large cities a sizable return on their investments, write Greg Ridgeway and Paul Heaton.

  Nov 22, 2011 Los Angeles Times

• Blog

  Do Higher Crime Rates Cause a Decrease in Religiosity?

  If we observe that high crime and low levels of religious belief or high levels of belief and low crime go hand in hand, how should we interpret that correlation? asks Paul Heaton.

  Mar 1, 2010 ScienceandReligionToday.com

Publications

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  Journal Article

  A Natural Experiment to Test the Effect of Sanction Certainty and Celerity on Substance-Impaired Driving: North Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Program

  Over half of participants ordered to abstain from substance use complete 24/7 Sobriety without a detected substance use event. At the county level, the program is associated with a 9% reduction in substance-impaired driving arrests.

  May 7, 2020

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  Medicaid Coverage Expansions and Liability Insurance

  This article offers some of the first rigorous evidence regarding the impacts of health coverage expansions targeting the low-income population on use of the tort system, as proxied by insurance payouts.

  Jan 14, 2020

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  The Effects of Holistic Defense on Criminal Justice Outcomes

  Using administrative data covering over half a million cases and a quasi-experimental research design, we estimate the causal effect of holistic defense on case outcomes and future offending.

  Jan 29, 2019

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  Research Brief

  Holistic Representation: An Innovative Approach to Defending Poor Clients Can Reduce Incarceration and Save Taxpayer Dollars — Without Harm to Public Safety

  Holistic defense is an innovative and promising approach to defending poor clients in criminal cases, and this brief summarizes the first large-scale empirical evaluation of the impact of holistic representation on criminal justice outcomes.

  Jan 11, 2019

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  Report

  Comparing Ex-Servicemember and Civilian Use of Unemployment Insurance

  Drawing from a data set with unemployment compensation for ex-service members and unemployment insurance claims from 2002 to 2012, this report provides a first portrait of the job search process of ex-service members relative to that for civilians.

  Feb 8, 2018

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  Draft

  The Effect of Health Insurance Coverage Expansions on Auto Liability Claims and Costs

  Examines the effect of health insurance coverage expansions on auto liability claims and costs.

  Dec 15, 2017

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  Draft

  The Effect of Mandatory Insurer Reporting on Settlement Delay

  Examines how mandatory insurer reporting affects delays in settlement of claims.

  Oct 23, 2017

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  How Does Expanding Health Insurance Coverage Affect Workers' Compensation Costs?

  The Affordable Care Act's expansion of coverage for people under age 26 led to a 1-percent reduction in uninsurance, equating to a 0.8-percent decrease in workers' compensation claim frequency, and a roughly 1-percent decrease in overall claim costs.

  Nov 22, 2016

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  Draft

  Health Insurance and Workers' Compensation Claiming: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act

  Exploits the Affordable Care Act young adult dependent coverage expansion to measure the effect of health coverage expansions on workers' compensation claim frequency and severity.

  Sep 14, 2016

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  Report

  Consumer Attitudes Toward Data Breach Notifications and Loss of Personal Information

  This report sets out the results of a study of consumer attitudes toward data breaches, notifications of those breaches, and company responses to such events.

  Apr 14, 2016

• Infographic

  Infographic

  Data Theft Victims, and Their Response to Breach Notifications

  This infographic highlights the results of a study of consumer attitudes toward data breaches, notifications of those breaches, and company responses to such events.

  Apr 14, 2016

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  Journal Article

  Can a Criminal Justice Alcohol Abstention Programme with Swift, Certain, and Modest Sanctions (24/7 Sobriety) Reduce Population Mortality? A Retrospective Observational Study

  In this study we examine whether the 24/7 Sobriety programme in South Dakota, USA—the largest such programme to date—is associated with reductions in mortality.

  Feb 18, 2016

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  The Short- and Long-Run Effects of Private Law Enforcement: Evidence from University Police

  This paper seeks new evidence on the impact of private police on crime, exploiting a unique setting, the University of Chicago Police Department, that permits a credible examination of the causal effect of police in both the short and long run.

  2016

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  How Does Tort Law Affect Consumer Auto Insurance Costs?

  Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey and a differences-in-differences research design, this article examines whether any of several common state-level modifications to tort law affect consumer costs for auto insurance.

  Nov 23, 2015

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  Assessing the Effects of Medical Marijuana Laws on Marijuana Use: The Devil Is in the Details

  This paper sheds light on previous inconsistencies identified in the literature regarding the relationship between medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and recreational marijuana use by closely examining the importance of policy and the timing of when particular policy dimensions are enacted.

  2015

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  Journal Article

  Victim Compensation Funds and Tort Litigation Following Incidents of Mass Violence

  Explores the issue of how victim compensation funds (VCFs) impact a victim's likelihood to sue using the tort system. VCFs have become a feature of the policy landscape following high-profile tragedies.

  2015

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  Journal Article

  The Effect of Malpractice Reform on Emergency Department Care

  Many believe that fear of malpractice lawsuits drives physicians to order otherwise unnecessary care and that legal reforms could reduce such wasteful spending.

  Oct 1, 2014

• Infographic

  Infographic

  In Broad Daylight: New Calculator Brings Crime Costs — and the Value of Police — Out of the Shadows

  RAND's Cost of Crime Calculator lets city leaders and residents calculate the total cost of crime in their communities and assess the potential value of hiring additional police officers.

  May 15, 2014

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  Report

  Preparing Principals to Raise Student Achievement: Implementation and Effects of the New Leaders Program in Ten Districts

  This report describes New Leaders, a nonprofit dedicated to preparing principals to lead schools to greater achievement, the implementation of its program, and the program's effect on student achievement.

  May 13, 2014

• Report

  Report

  Preparing Principals to Raise Student Achievement: Implementation and Effects of the New Leaders Program in Ten Districts — Appendix

  This document presents technical appendixes to supplement the main evaluation report Preparing Principals to Raise Student Achievement: Implementation and Effects of the New Leaders Program in Ten Districts (RR-507-NL).

  May 13, 2014

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  Research Brief

  Principal Preparation Matters: How Leadership Affects Student Achievement

  Summarizing a larger report, this briefing presents evidence of the effect that New Leaders, a nonprofit dedicated to preparing principals to lead schools to greater achievement, has on student achievement.

  May 13, 2014

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  Report

  How Will the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Affect Liability Insurance Costs?

  This report identifies potential mechanisms through which health care reform might affect claim costs for several major types of liability coverage, especially auto insurance, workers' compensation coverage, and medical malpractice.

  Apr 9, 2014

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Liability Insurance

  Summarizes a report that identifies potential mechanisms through which health care reform might affect claim costs for several major types of liability coverage, especially auto insurance, workers’ compensation coverage, and medical malpractice.

  Apr 9, 2014

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  The Effects of Medical Marijuana Laws on Potency

  Marijuana potency has risen dramatically over the past two decades. In the United States, it is unclear whether state medical marijuana policies have contributed to this increase.

  Mar 1, 2014

• Report

  Report

  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Earnings of Military Reservists

  This report investigates the effects of being symptomatic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on labor market earnings of reservists in the years following deployment.

  Jul 23, 2013

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  Research Brief

  An Innovative Way to Curb Problem Drinking: South Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Project

  South Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Project, in which individuals with alcohol-involved offenses submit to breathalyzer tests twice per day or wear an alcohol monitoring bracelet at all times, reduced repeat DUI arrests at the county level by 12 percent.

  Dec 12, 2012

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  Journal Article

  Efficacy of Frequent Monitoring with Swift, Certain, and Modest Sanctions for Violations: Insights from South Dakota 24/7 Sobriety Project

  In community supervision settings, frequent alcohol testing with swift, certain, and modest sanctions for violations can reduce problem drinking and improve public health outcomes.

  Dec 6, 2012

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  Report

  Unemployment Among Post-9/11 Veterans and Military Spouses After the Economic Downturn

  Policymakers need to understand whether military spouses succeed at finding jobs and how veterans fare economically after they leave the military. But these groups differ from the civilian population in important ways, making comparisons difficult.

  Nov 9, 2012

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  Journal Article

  How Much Difference Does the Lawyer Make? The Effect of Defense Counsel on Murder Case Outcomes

  The vast difference in outcomes for defendants assigned different counsel types raises important questions about the adequacy and fairness of the criminal justice system.

  Oct 1, 2012

• Report

  Report

  Analysis of Financial Support to the Surviving Spouses and Children of Casualties in the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

  Examines how the combat death of service members affects the subsequent labor market earnings of surviving spouses and the extent to which federal survivor benefits compensate for lost household earnings.

  Jun 28, 2012

• Report

  Report

  Compensating Wounded Warriors: An Analysis of Injury, Labor Market Earnings, and Disability Compensation Among Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

  Analyzes the effect of injuries sustained by service members in Iraq and Afghanistan on post-deployment labor market earnings and the extent to which disability payments compensate for any lost earnings.

  Jun 28, 2012

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  Journal Article

  Unraveling the IT Productivity Paradox -- Lessons for Health Care

  Productivity gains that can be achieved by widely adopting health information technology are likely to come from the reengineering of health care and may require new measurement tools to accurately gauge their impact.

  Jun 14, 2012

• Periodical

  Periodical

  RAND Review: Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 2012

  Stories cover Iran's nuclear threat, social security in Mexico, programs for veterans, crime costs, U.S. efforts in Afghanistan, the health insurance mandate, legal defense, marijuana legalization, global education, and Louisiana's coastal planning.

  May 11, 2012

• Report

  Report

  The Impact of Health Care Reform on Workers’ Compensation Medical Care: Evidence from Massachusetts

  Uses the experience of Massachusetts's heath care reform to empirically estimate how health reform impacts the volume and cost of workers' compensation hospital care.

  Apr 23, 2012

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  Report

  The Effects of Hiring Tax Credits on Employment of Disabled Veterans

  Estimates the effects of the 2007 expansion of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit program, which offered tax credits to employers who hired certain groups of veterans, including those with service-connected disabilities.

  Apr 11, 2012

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  Improving Disabled Veterans' Employment Prospects Using Tax Credits

  Estimates the effects of the 2007 expansion of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit program, which offered tax credits to employers who hired certain groups of veterans, including those with service-connected disabilities.

  Apr 11, 2012

• Report

  Report

  Compensation for Combat Deaths: Policy Considerations

  This briefing identifies policy questions related to compensating service members and their survivors for fatality risk. It compares combat fatality patterns with fatalities occurring in other contexts and discusses current compensation programs.

  Mar 15, 2012

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  Sunday Liquor Laws and Crime

  This paper analyzes the effects of legalization of Sunday packaged liquor sales on crime, focusing on the phased introduction of such sales in Virginia beginning in 2004.

  Feb 1, 2012

• Draft

  Draft

  How Much Difference Does the Lawyer Make? The Effect of Defense Counsel on Murder Case Outcomes

  Describes the results of a study to examine the effect of defense counsel on outcomes in murder prosecutions in Philadelphia.

  Dec 16, 2011

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  Today's 'Meaningful Use' Standard for Medication Orders by Hospitals May Save Few Lives; Later Stages May Do More

  Current federal standards for hospital "meaningful use" of health information technology--which requires electronic medication orders for 30 percent of eligible patients--are probably too low to reduce deaths from heart failure and heart attack among hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries.

  Oct 1, 2011

• Draft

  Draft

  Sunday Liquor Laws and Crime

  Analyzes the effects of legalization of Sunday packaged liquor sales on crime, focusing on the phased introduction of such sales in Virginia beginning in 2004.

  Jun 22, 2011

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  Sexual Orientation and U.S. Personnel Policy Revisited

  Summarizes results of a RAND Corporation study on sexual orientation and U.S. military policy requested by the Senate Armed Services Committee and the Secretary of Defense in order to weigh repeal of the law known as "Don't Ask, Don't Tell."

  Dec 23, 2010

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  Report

  Sexual Orientation and U.S. Military Personnel Policy: An Update of RAND's 1993 Study

  Shares results of a study on sexual orientation and U.S. military policy, requested by the Senate Armed Services Committee and the Secretary of Defense in order to weigh the repeal of the law known as ''Don't Ask, Don't Tell.''

  Nov 18, 2010

• Report

  Report

  An Analysis of the Incidence of Recruiter Irregularites

  Data from 2007 through 2009 are used to tabulate the incidence and prevalence of recruiter irregularities.

  Nov 9, 2010

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  Do Bonuses Affect Enlistment and Reenlistment?

  Congress has questioned the scope and efficacy of enlistment and reenlistment bonuses, but Army high-quality recruiting would have been lower without them; they are more cost-effective than pay but less so than recruiters as a way to gain recruits.

  Jun 9, 2010

• Report

  Report

  Cash Incentives and Military Enlistment, Attrition, and Reenlistment

  The Department of Defense budget for enlistment and reenlistment bonuses increased greatly over the past decade, leading some to ask whether bonuses were the most cost-effective way to increase the supply of personnel to the armed forces.

  May 14, 2010

• Draft

  Draft

  Preliminary Findings from the New Leaders for New Schools Evaluation

  Presents preliminary findings on the impact of attending a school led by a K-8 school led by a New Leader.

  Apr 29, 2010

• Report

  Report

  Hidden in Plain Sight: What Cost-of-Crime Research Can Tell Us About Investing in Police

  Research on the cost of crime and the effectiveness of police in preventing crime can be used to better understand the returns on investments in police. Returns on investments in police personnel are likely to be substantial.

  Mar 5, 2010

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  Reducing Michigan Auto Insurance Rates

  Higher auto insurance rates in Michigan lead to a high proportion of drivers without auto insurance. Introducing options or fee schedules for personal injury protection coverage could help lead to broader, more-affordable choices.

  Mar 4, 2010

• Report

  Report

  The U.S. Experience with No-Fault Automobile Insurance: A Retrospective

  This monograph reviews the history of no-fault auto insurance in the United States and concludes that political support for no-fault dissipated because premium costs under no-fault have been higher than tort largely due to higher medical costs.

  Feb 2, 2010

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  What Happened to No-Fault Automobile Insurance?

  This brief reviews the decline in popularity of no-fault automobile insurance. The main reason for this decline is rising costs: no-fault offers more medical services to accident victims and pays more for the same care than tort insurance.

  Feb 1, 2010

• Report

  Report

  Information Technology, Organization, and Productivity in the Public Sector: Evidence from Police Departments

  Examines the relationship between information technology, organization, and productivity in the public sector using a panel data set of police departments that covers 1987 through 2003.

  Jan 25, 2010

• Draft

  Draft

  Judicial Expenditures and Litigation Access: Evidence from Auto Injuries

  Measures the relationship between state-level court expenditures and the propensity of injured parties to pursue litigation.

  Jan 5, 2010

• Report

  Report

  Auto Insurance Reform in Michigan: What Can the Data Tell Us?

  Legislators and consumer groups in Michigan have recently proposed reforms designed to reduce the costs of auto insurance in the state. Reforms that change claiming behavior may have considerable potential for lowering auto premiums in Michigan.

  2010

• Research Brief

  Research Brief

  Explaining Recent Army and Navy Minority Recruiting Trends

  Identifies factors that explain recruiting trends among blacks and Hispanics from 2000 to 2007, including the responsiveness of these groups to various recruiting resources as well as other factors, such as the effect of the Iraq war.

  Aug 28, 2009

• Report

  Report

  Recruiting Minorities: What Explains Recent Trends in the Army and Navy?

  Identifies factors that explain trends in black and Hispanic representation among high-quality recruits in the Army and Navy; considers which policies are likely to be most effective in increasing high-quality enlistments within different groups.

  Aug 26, 2009

• Draft

  Draft

  FY2006 Anti-Gang Initiative Grants in the Central District of California: Report to the U.S. Attorney

  Reports on the FY2006 Anti-Gang Initiative for the U.S. Attorney for the Central District of California, who coordinates the Project Safe Neighborhood programs in his district.

  Mar 12, 2009

• Draft

  Draft

  Does Treatment Respond to Reimbursement Rates? Evidence from Trauma Care

  Using data from inpatient hospitalizations surrounding a 2003 Colorado auto insurance reform, tests the model of behavior that predicts physicians may respond dysfunctionally to financial incentives by recommending unnecessary treatment.

  Jan 29, 2009

• Draft

  Draft

  No-Fault Insurance and Automobile Accidents

  Examines whether drivers under no-fault insurance causes more accidents.

  Jan 16, 2009

• Draft

  Draft

  Auto Liability in Nevada Compared to Other States: Testimony for Nevada Auto Theft and Insurance Fraud Task Force

  Briefing prepared as testimony for the Nevada Auto Theft and Insurance Fraud Task Force intended to inform the Task Force about Nevada’s liability situation relative to other states.

  Jul 17, 2008

• Draft

  Draft

  Childhood Educational Disruption and Later Life Outcomes: Evidence from Prince Edward County

  Examines the effects of a five-year school closing in Prince Edward County, Virginia, a result of opposition to court-ordered integration, on affected black children's educational attainment and economic outcomes.

  Feb 5, 2008

• Report

  Report

  A synthesis of literature on the effectiveness of community orders

  The U.K. National Audit Office (NAO) commissioned RAND Europe to conduct this review to identify and synthesize international research about the effectiveness of community orders in reducing re-offending.

  Jan 10, 2008

• Journal Article

  Journal Article

  Childhood Educational Disruption and Later Life Outcomes Evidence from Prince Edward County

  Beginning in 1959, the public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia, were closed for five years in opposition to court-ordered integration. Affected black students did not exhibit substantially worse material, health, and incarceration outcomes.

  2008