Research Brief
Expanding the Reach of Education Reforms: What Have We Learned About Scaling Up Educational Interventions?
Jan 1, 2004
Perspectives from Leaders in the Scale-Up of Educational Interventions
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Over the last few decades, demands that schools serve all students better and be accountable for student performance have inspired many education reforms. Meanwhile, the focus has shifted from assisting individual teachers and schools to applying proven reforms more widely-scale-up. The authors of the essays in this volume have helped extend various reforms beyond the environments in which they first proved successful. The authors recount the challenges they faced and the lessons they learned. One major challenge has been building the capacity in schools, districts, and states both to implement and to sustain the reforms. Some elements of successful scale-ups are adjusting programs for differing cultural and policy environments, implementing quality-control mechanisms, ensuring that all supports are in place (including financing), and fostering a sense of ownership. Success with any design requires participants at all levels-developers, teachers, schools, districts, and states-to cooperate in an iterative and complex and process that, among other things, aligns the program with local accountability requirements and provides the policies and infrastructure that will sustain the practices for the long term.
Chapter One
Introduction: Framing the Problem
Chapter Two
Cognitively Guided Instruction: Challenging the Core of Educational Practice
Chapter Three
The National Writing Project: Scaling Up and Scaling Down
Chapter Four
Impediments to Scaling Up Effective Comprehensive School Reform Models
Chapter Five
Scaling Up Success For All: Lessons for Policy and Practice
Chapter Six
Taking Education Programs to Scale: Lessons from the Field
Chapter Seven
Reaching for Coherence in School Reform: The Case of America’s Choice
Chapter Eight
A Different Way of Growing
Chapter Nine
Co-nect at the Crossroads: Four Considerations on Getting to Scale
Chapter Ten
Scaling Up Turning Points Through Autonomous Regional Centers
Chapter Eleven
Scaling Up Talent Development High Schools: Lessons Learned from Comprehensive High School Reform
Chapter Twelve
Taking High Schools That Work to Scale: The Evolution of a High School Reform Program
Chapter Thirteen
The First Few Years of Edison Schools: Ten Lessons in Getting to Scale
Chapter Fourteen
School Districts as Learning Organizations: A Strategy for Scaling Education Reform
Chapter Fifteen
Choices and Consequences in the Bay Area School Reform Collaborative: Building the Capacity to Scale Up Whole-School Improvement
Chapter Sixteen
Leveraging the Market to Scale Up School Improvement Programs: A Fee-for-Service Primer for Foundations and Nonprofits
Chapter Seventeen
Summary: Toward a More Systematic Approach to Expanding the Reach of Educational Interventions
Appendix A
Contributors
Appendix B
Program Descriptions and Contact Information
The research described in this report was conducted by RAND Education for the Ford Foundation.
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