Report
Exploring the Civil-Military Divide over Artificial Intelligence
May 11, 2022
The ability to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities is vital to U.S national security. However, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is no longer the primary driver of research and development in advanced technologies — Silicon Valley is. This report describes the organizational cultures of both communities to determine where they have differences and common ground for stronger collaboration to bridge the civil-military divide on AI.
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The ability to leverage artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and capabilities is viewed as vital to the long-term success of the U.S. military and to the future of national security. Despite the importance of making AI advances, there are concerns that the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is not well positioned to engage with the private sector and recruit top AI talent from U.S. technology firms. Unlike previous eras, DoD is no longer the primary driver of research and development investment in these types of advanced technologies. Instead, large software companies that derive the bulk of their revenues from nondefense sources employ the greatest reservoirs of AI talent and invest the majority of capital into improving their AI algorithms. Consequently, DoD has sought to collaborate more effectively with the software companies of Silicon Valley. Although differences in organizational culture are often cited as one of the reasons to be concerned about a potential civil-military divide over AI, no studies have empirically explored this possibility. Accordingly, the authors of this report mapped the organizational cultures of both DoD and Silicon Valley software companies to determine where the two communities have substantial differences and where they might find common ground.
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Comparing Department of Defense and Silicon Valley Cultures
Chapter Three
Method
Chapter Four
Analyses
Chapter Five
Analytic Takeaways
Appendix A
Keyness Analysis for Different Dimensions of Organizational Culture
Appendix B
Nonsignificant Stance Comparison Analysis Categories
This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense's Office of Net Assessment and conducted within the Acquisition and Technology Policy Center and the Forces and Resources Policy Center of the RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD).
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