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Gender Discrimination

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Research Brief

Why Do Women Leave the Coast Guard, and What Could Encourage Them to Stay?

Mar 29, 2019

Women leave the Coast Guard at higher rates than men. Focus groups raised concerns about work environment, career issues, and personal life matters. More inclusive personnel policies could help the Coast Guard address these concerns and retain more women.
Report

Women in Egypt Face Barriers to Employment

Apr 21, 2020

Large gains in educational attainment among women in Egypt have not been matched with gains in the workplace. Obstacles preventing them from securing employment include tensions between work and family responsibilities, lack of mobility, wage gaps, and fear of sexual harassment.

Explore Gender Discrimination

Commentary

Equal Pay for Equal Work: How Binding Pay Transparency Measures May Help

More than 60 years ago, the EU introduced the principle of equal pay for equal work for men and women. But a gender pay gap persists in most countries. In 2014, a European Commission Recommendation encouraged measures to aid pay transparency, but implementation has been limited.

May 12, 2020
Journal Article

Journal Article

Equal Pay for Equal Work: Binding Pay-Transparency Measures

This study identifies key concepts in the debate about pay transparency measures. It maps out both their implementation across EU Member States, and the positions of key stakeholders on making them legally binding through EU legislation.

Mar 5, 2020
Report

Report

Development of a Short Form Measure of Sexual Harassment Risk in the Military: Findings from the RAND Military Workplace Study

RAND has developed a short version of a survey that investigates sexual harassment in the military. The original RAND survey contained up to 52 questions. This report discusses the accuracy of a five-question version of the longer survey.

Sep 12, 2019
Multimedia

Improving Gender Diversity in the U.S. Coast Guard

For active-duty women, many complex factors influence the decision to stay in or separate from the Coast Guard. In this video, RAND's Kimberly Curry Hall summarizes research on these factors and makes recommendations for improving female retention in the Coast Guard.

Aug 31, 2019
News Release

News Release

Women Leave U.S. Coast Guard at Higher Rates Than Men; More Equitable Personnel Policies Could Help Narrow Gap

As at other military services, women leave the active-duty Coast Guard at higher rates than men. To retain a diverse workforce the Coast Guard should continue to pursue more inclusive personnel policies, such as augmenting workforce gaps during parental leave, minimizing the impact parental leave has on evaluations and promotion, and expanding opportunities for leadership development training.

Mar 29, 2019
Report

Report

Improving Gender Diversity in the U.S. Coast Guard: Identifying Barriers to Female Retention

This report documents the results of a study designed to help identify the root causes of female attrition in the active-duty Coast Guard and develop recommendations to help mitigate identified barriers to Coast Guard female retention.

Mar 29, 2019
Commentary

Book Review: 'The Woman Who Smashed Codes' by Jason Fagone

'The Woman Who Smashed Codes' by Jason Fagone is the story of Elizebeth Friedman, the mother of modern cryptoanalysis and cryptography. She broke coded messages of organized crime, broke the Nazi Enigma cryptography machine, and deciphered, mapped, and monitored Nazi activities in South America, though it is her husband William who often gets credit.

Feb 19, 2019
Report

Sexual Assault and Harassment in the Military: Estimates for Installation- and Command-Level Risk

This report examines differences in sexual assault risk estimates across U.S. military installations and commands based on 2014 data. These differences may help identify characteristics of installations that can be modified to reduce sexual assault risk.

Sep 21, 2018
Report

Report

Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Annex to Volume 5. Tabular Results from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study for Installation- and Command-Level Risk of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment

This Annex to Volume 5 presents survey estimates of how risk of sexual assault and sexual harassment varies across military installations and major commands using data from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study.

Sep 21, 2018
Commentary

Restoring Asylum Protections for Victims of Domestic Violence

Attorney General Jeff Sessions rescinded asylum protections earlier this month for victims of domestic violence. The decision and the supporting analysis goes against decades of research on violence against women. Congress could reverse the decision by amending the asylum law.

Jun 25, 2018
Journal Article

Journal Article

Gender-Based Discrimination and Unprotected Receptive Anal Intercourse Among Transgender Women in Brazil: A Mixed Methods Study

Among a population of transgender women in Brazil, constant experience with gender-based discrimination contributed to a sense of trust with their stable partners, diminishing the desire to use condoms, and also contributed to poor mental health overall.

May 2, 2018
Journal Article

Journal Article

Fertility Behaviors in South Korea and Their Association with Ultrasound Prenatal Sex Screening

Using the 1985, 1995, and 2005 Korean Censuses, we find significant period effects suggesting that sex ratios at birth became unnaturally imbalanced when ultrasound technology became available..

Mar 14, 2018
Journal Article

Journal Article

Fertility, Gender Preference, the Birth Planning Policy and Life Satisfaction in China

Investigation of Birth Planning Policy effect on parity-specific birth continuation probabilities and parental life satisfaction as a function of the numbers and gender composition of children both before and after the implementation of the BPP.

Mar 14, 2018
Journal Article

Journal Article

Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage

The report revealed sizable differences in quality of treatment for certain conditions among MA beneficiaries.

May 3, 2017
Journal Article

Journal Article

Towards Greater Understanding of Addiction Stigma: Intersectionality with Race/Ethnicity and Gender

Explicit beliefs about people with substance abuse disorders tend to be more compassionate than implicit beliefs, which are more punitive, especially toward Latino/a drug users.

Dec 12, 2016
Journal Article

To Educate or to Incarcerate: Examining Disparities in School Discipline

Several factors contribute to disparities in office referral, suspension, and expulsion in high schools. Helping students engage in school may protect against disproportionate school discipline.

Sep 30, 2016
Essay

Transgender Troops: Fit to Serve

The Pentagon's decision to open the ranks to transgender service members was informed by months of RAND research into the costs and numbers involved.

Aug 18, 2016
News Release

News Release

Impact of Transgender Personnel on Readiness and Health Care Costs in the U.S. Military Likely to Be Small

The U.S. Department of Defense has been reviewing its policy that bans transgender personnel from serving openly. If transgender people were allowed to serve openly, the number would likely be a small fraction of the total force and have minimal impact on readiness and health care costs.

Jun 30, 2016
Research Brief

The Implications of Allowing Transgender Personnel to Serve Openly

As the U.S. Department of Defense reviews potential changes to its policy on transgender service members, it will need to consider this population's unique health care needs, the potential costs associated with extending coverage for these needs, and the readiness implications of allowing transgender service members to serve openly.

Jun 30, 2016

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