Journal Article
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage: April 2021
The analysis revealed patterns in which Black and Hispanic beneficiaries had worse results than White beneficiaries on numerous clinical care measures.
Sep 29, 2021
Journal Article
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Health Care in Medicare Advantage: April 2020
This report describes the quality of health care received in 2018 by Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans nationwide. This 2020 report is the fifth in a series of reports that are updated annually.
Sep 17, 2021
Research Brief
Black Americans Cite Low Vaccine Confidence, Mistrust, and Limited Access as Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination
To identify approaches to increase vaccine confidence and uptake among Black Americans, RAND Corporation researchers conducted a national survey with 207 Black participants in November 2020.
Aug 6, 2021
Journal Article
COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions and Mistrust in a National Sample of Black Americans
High mistrust among Black Americans around COVID-19 vaccines may lower vaccine confidence.
Jul 2, 2021
Journal Article
Examination of Mediators and Moderators to Understand How and in What Context Game Changers Increases HIV Prevention Advocacy Among Persons Living With HIV in Uganda
These findings highlight the importance of helping PLWH cope with self-stigma and gain comfort with disclosure, as well as the potential influence of network support, trustworthiness, connectedness, and stigmatization on engagement in prevention advocacy.
Apr 28, 2021
Report
What Contributes to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Black Communities, and How Can It Be Addressed?
Recent polls show that Black Americans are less willing than Americans of other races or ethnicities to be vaccinated for COVID-19. RAND researchers surveyed Black Americans to better understand the drivers of such hesitancy.
Mar 1, 2021
Journal Article
Mental Health, Physical Health, and Cultural Characteristics Among American Indians/Alaska Natives Seeking Substance Use Treatment in an Urban Setting: A Descriptive Study
We analyze substance use, AI/AN cultural identity and involvement, physical health and cognitive functioning, and mental health symptoms among 63 AI/AN adults seeking substance use treatment within an urban area in California.
Feb 18, 2021
Journal Article
A Pilot Test of Game Changers, a Social Network Intervention to Empower People with HIV to Be Prevention Advocates in Uganda
We developed and conducted a pilot test of Game Changers, a 6-session group-based intervention that aims to empower people with HIV to be agents for HIV prevention by initiating conversations about HIV with social network members.
Aug 7, 2020
Journal Article
Motivational Interviewing and Culture for Urban Native American Youth (MICUNAY): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Urban Native American teens may benefit from culturally centered programs. No differences found between MICUNAY + Community Wellness Gatherings (CWGs) and CWGs only.
Jan 14, 2020
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 1: Executive Summary)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 3: Sample Description)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 8: Observational Assessments of Cognitive Function, Mental Status, and Pain)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 6: Impairments and Special Services, Treatments, and Interventions)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 7: Global Health, Care Preferences, and Medication Reconciliation)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 2: Background and Methods)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 4: Cognitive Function)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Report
Development and Evaluation of Candidate Standardized Patient Assessment Data Elements: Findings from the National Beta Test (Volume 5: Mental Status and Pain)
This report, part of a series, describes patient assessment data elements developed and tested by RAND on behalf of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services to comply with the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation Act of 2014.
Nov 15, 2019
Journal Article
An Online Alcohol and Risky Sex Prevention Program for College Students Studying Abroad: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
This study protocol describes a proposed randomized controlled trial that builds upon a successful pilot intervention study to address problematic and dangerous drinking among young adult college students studying abroad in foreign environments.
Sep 19, 2019
Journal Article
Overt Perceived Discrimination and Racial Microaggressions and Their Association with Health Risk Behaviors Among a Sample of Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents
Analyzing the potential effects of the broad range of perceived discrimination (PD) experiences, including both overt PD and racial microaggressions, among urban American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents on health outcomes offers a unique opportunity to further our understanding of these health disparities.
Jun 12, 2019
Journal Article
Unveiling an 'Invisible Population': Health, Substance Use, Sexual Behavior, Culture, and Discrimination Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents in California
American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents in this study used alcohol or other drugs at rates similar to those found in national surveys and rates of risky sexual behavior were also comparable to national data.
Feb 28, 2019
Journal Article
Factors Associated with Drop-In Center Utilization Among Unaccompanied Youth Experiencing Homelessness
Basic hygiene needs -- e.g. showers or clean clothes -- may encourage homeless youth to initially go to a drop-in center; knowing drop-in center staff or knowing friends who have recently used drop-in centers may encourage youth to keep coming back.
Aug 21, 2018
Journal Article
Healthcare Provider Counseling to Quit Smoking and Patient Desire to Quit: The Role of Negative Smoking Outcome Expectancies
The time devoted to counseling patients about smoking should include assistance to quit, such as recommending a product, prescription or program, and incorporate techniques to elicit patients' expectations of smoking.
Jul 3, 2018
Journal Article
Perceived Need and Receipt of Behavioral Health Services at Drop-In Centers Among Homeless Youth
This survey of 273 homeless youth indicates that, despite one-third meeting criteria for behavioral health problems such as PTSD, depression, or substance use problems, only about half of those meeting criteria reported a need for services.
Jun 29, 2018
Journal Article
Development and Maintenance of Standardized Cross Setting Patient Assessment Data for Post-Acute Care: Summary Report of Findings from Alpha 2 Pilot Testing
Results of the Alpha 2 feasibility test, used to help develop standardized assessment-based data elements to meet the requirements of the Improving Medicare Post-Acute Care Transformation(IMPACT) Act of 2014.
Jun 7, 2018
Journal Article
Evaluation of the Dissemination of SNaX, a Middle School-Based Obesity Prevention Intervention, Within a Large US School District
This evaluation found that that the Students for Nutrition and eXercise ("SNAX") was acceptable to schools, but only a handful had the capacity to maintain the program, and it did not affect eating behaviors in schools.
Apr 11, 2018
Journal Article
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rise, a Community-Based Culturally Congruent Adherence Intervention for Black Americans Living with HIV
A community-based, culturally specific intervention improved antiretroviral treatment adherence among Black Americans living with HIV.
May 30, 2017
Journal Article
Medical Mistrust as a Key Mediator in the Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-positive Latino Men
Treatment education that focused on the necessity of medication could increase adherence to ART among HIV-positive Latino men.
May 2, 2017
Report
Development and Maintenance of Standardized Cross Setting Patient Assessment Data for Post-Acute Care: Summary Report of Findings from Alpha 1 Pilot Testing
This report presents results of the first Alpha 1 feasibility test of proposed items to include in the post-acute care patient assessment instruments for measuring seven areas of health status for Medicare beneficiaries.
Apr 27, 2017
Journal Article
Variation in Family Experience of Pediatric Inpatient Care As Measured by Child HCAHPS
Development of the Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey has made it possible to compare family experience with inpatient pediatric care.
Apr 26, 2017
Journal Article
Home Sweet Home: Parent and Home Environmental Factors in Adolescent Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Targeting parents' consumption of soda—and the availability of soda at home—may be an important step in reducing youth consumption of soda.
Mar 14, 2017
Journal Article
A Comparison of Home-Based Versus Outreach Event-Based Community HIV Testing in Ugandan Fisherfolk Communities
Among Ugandan fisherfolk, more new HIV cases were identified in home-based testing than in community-based testing, but fewer of those tested at home were linked to care.
Jan 3, 2017
Journal Article
Longitudinal Relationships Between Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence and Discrimination Due to HIV-serostatus, Race, and Sexual Orientation Among African-American Men with HIV
Sexual orientation, HIV-serostatus, and racial discrimination all reduce treatment adherence among African American men, but racial discrimination has the most powerful effect.
Oct 18, 2016
Journal Article
Association of Internalized and Social Network Level HIV Stigma with High-Risk Condomless Sex Among HIV-positive African American Men
HIV-positive African-American men who internalize stigma about HIV, or who perceive peer stigma, are more likely to have high-risk sex.
Jul 25, 2016
Journal Article
Two-year BMI Outcomes from a School-Based Intervention for Nutrition and Exercise: A Randomized Trial
School-based interventions can contribute to long-term reductions in body-mass index (BMI) among students who are obese.
May 4, 2016
Journal Article
Discrimination and Hate Crimes in the Context of Neighborhood Poverty and Stressors Among HIV-Positive African-American Men Who Have Sex with Men
For HIV-positive African-American men who have sex with men, higher neighborhood poverty is associated with experiencing more discrimination and hate crimes.
May 2, 2016
Journal Article
Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Students for Nutrition and Exercise (SNaX)
A middle school–based obesity-prevention intervention combining school-wide environmental changes, multimedia, encouragement to eat healthy cafeteria foods, and peer-led education, increased participation in school lunch programs and selection of fruit dishes, and reduced snack sales.
Apr 28, 2016
Journal Article
Medical Mistrust Among Social Network Members May Contribute to Antiretroviral Treatment Nonadherence in African Americans Living with HIV
Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive African Americans is linked to conspiracy beliefs among members of their social networks, especially among others who are HIV-positive.
Apr 22, 2016
Journal Article
Social Network Characteristics Moderate the Association Between Stigmatizing Attributions About HIV and Non-Adherence Among Black Americans Living with HIV: A Longitudinal Assessment
This study examines whether social network characteristics moderate stigma's effects among HIV-positive Black Americans.
Nov 13, 2015
Journal Article
The Development of a Pediatric Inpatient Experience of Care Measure: Child HCAHPS®
Child HCAHPS was developed to be a publicly available standardized survey of pediatric inpatient experience of care.
Jul 30, 2015
Journal Article
Do Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Quality and Patient Experience Within Medicare Plans Generalize Across Measures and Racial/Ethnic Groups?
Health plan structural changes might reduce disparities across multiple measures.
Mar 17, 2015
Journal Article
Middle School Student Attitudes About School Drinking Fountains and Water Intake
Students have negative attitudes about school fountains. To increase overall water intake, it may be important to promote and improve drinking water sources not only at school but also at home and in other community environments.
Sep 1, 2014
Journal Article
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Students for Nutrition and Exercise: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study
Multilevel school-based interventions may promote healthy adolescent dietary behaviors.
May 16, 2014
Journal Article
Peer Victimization in Fifth Grade and Health in Tenth Grade
Both chronic and current bullying are associated with substantially worse health. Clinicians who recognize bullying when it first starts could intervene to reverse the downward health trajectory experienced by youth who are repeated targets.
Mar 1, 2014
Journal Article
Changes in Obesity Between Fifth and Tenth Grades: A Longitudinal Study in Three Metropolitan Areas
Obese fifth-graders face challenges in reducing obesity, especially when they lack advantages associated with higher socioeconomic status or when they have a negative body image.
2014
Journal Article
Medical Mistrust Is Related to Lower Longitudinal Medication Adherence Among African-American Males with HIV
Medical mistrust among African American males with HIV predicts lower adherence to medication regimes.
2014
Journal Article
Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Problem Behaviors Among Preadolescent Youths
We examined the contribution of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination to disparities in problem behaviors among preadolescent Black, Latino, and White youths.
May 22, 2013
Journal Article
Perceived Discrimination and Physical Health Among HIV-positive Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men
Findings suggest that the stress of multiple types of discrimination plays a role in health outcomes.
May 1, 2013
Journal Article
Cost of Talking Parents, Healthy Teens: A Worksite-Based Intervention to Promote Parent-Adolescent Sexual Health Communication
To examine the cost and cost-effectiveness of implementing Talking Parents, Healthy Teens, a worksite-based parenting program designed to help parents address sexual health with their adolescent children.
Mar 5, 2013
Journal Article
Care Experiences of Managed Care Medicare Enrollees Near the End of Life
To compare reports about care experiences of individuals who died within 1 year of survey with reports of those who did not.
Feb 4, 2013
Journal Article
Access to Leave Benefits for Primary Caregivers of Children with Special Health Care Needs: A Double Bind
We examined whether access to benefits varies by level of childcare responsibilities among employed parents of children with special health care needs (CSHCN).
2013
Journal Article
Association of Discrimination-Related Trauma with Sexual Risk Among HIV-positive African American Men Who Have Sex with Men
Men who experienced discrimination-related interpersonal trauma in their lifetime were more likely than were those who had not experienced such trauma to have engaged in unprotected anal intercourse with a male partner.
2013
Journal Article
Bogart Et Al. Respond
The authors respond to questions about the implications of grouping together all discrimination sources.
2013
Journal Article
Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Among Fifth-Graders in Three Cities
Interventions that address potentially detrimental consequences of low socioeconomic status and adverse school environments may help reduce racial and ethnic differences in child health.
Aug 1, 2012
Journal Article
Community HIV Treatment Advocacy Programs May Support Treatment Adherence
Treatment advocacy (TA) programs, based in AIDS service organizations and clinics, aim to engage clients into care and support antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence through client-centered counseling; advocate for patients with providers; and provide social service referrals. Systematic evaluations of TA are lacking.
Feb 1, 2012
Journal Article
Differences by Survey Language and Mode Among Chinese Respondents to a CAHPS Health Plan Survey
As efforts to measure, compare, and report patients' health care experiences expand in scope and importance, corresponding efforts have been underway to expand the reach of the underlying survey instruments to patients who prefer languages other than English.
2012
Journal Article
Pediatric Residents' Perspectives on Reducing Work Hours and Lengthening Residency: A National Survey
Pediatric residents who support further reductions in work-hours believe reductions have positive effects on patient care, education, and quality of life.
2012
Journal Article
Reporting CAHPS and HEDIS Data by Race/Ethnicity for Medicare Beneficiaries
How should ethnic group-specific quality of care data best be reported to Medicare beneficiaries?
2012
Journal Article
Understanding Nonresponse to the 2007 Medicare CAHPS Survey
We describe overall rates and analyze predictors of unit and item nonresponse for the 695,197 Medicare beneficiaries selected for the 2007 MCAHPS survey (335,249 unit respondents, 49% overall response rate).
Dec 1, 2011
Journal Article
Longitudinal Association of HIV Conspiracy Beliefs with Sexual Risk Among Black Males Living with HIV
In a sample of HIV-positive African American men, greater belief in HIV conspiracies was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting unprotected intercourse.
Aug 1, 2011
Journal Article
Increasing the Availability and Consumption of Drinking Water in Middle Schools: A Pilot Study
The authors assessed the acceptability, feasibility, and outcomes of a school-based intervention to improve drinking water consumption among adolescents.
May 1, 2011
Research Brief
A Worksite Parenting Program That Works
Summarizes research on Talking Parents, Healthy Teens, a worksite-based parenting program designed by RAND and University of California at Los Angeles researchers that improves communication between parents and their adolescents on sexual health.
Mar 23, 2011
Journal Article
Discrimination as a Key Mediator of the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress and HIV Treatment Adherence Among African American Men
This study highlights the critical role that discrimination plays in adherence to antiretroviral therapy among African American men experiencing posttraumatic stress.
Feb 1, 2011
Journal Article
Preliminary Healthy Eating Outcomes of SNaX, a Pilot Community-Based Intervention for Adolescents
This project developed and designed Students for Nutrition and eXercise (SNaX), an intervention aimed at translating school obesity-prevention policies into practice with peer advocacy of healthy eating and school cafeteria changes.
Feb 1, 2011
Research Brief
Perceived Effects of Paid Family Leave Among Parents of Children with Special Health Care Needs: California's Experience
California's Paid Family Leave Insurance program, the first of its kind, has not increased the percentage of parents who took leave to care for a sick child. Fewer than 15 percent of parents who were qualified for the program knew about it.
Apr 28, 2010
Research Brief
Are Adolescents Talking with Their Parents About Sex Before Becoming Sexually Active?
Examines parent-child discussions of sexual behavior. Finds consistency in the timing and content of such discussions; however, many parents and children do not discuss key topics, such as birth control, before adolescents become sexually active.
Mar 11, 2010
Journal Article
Characteristics of Hospitals Demonstrating Superior Performance in Patient Experience and Clinical Process Measures of Care
Prior research suggests hospital quality of care is multidimensional.
2010
Journal Article
Provider-related Barriers to Rapid HIV Testing in U.S. Urban Non-Profit Community Clinics, Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) and Hospitals
This study of the diffusion of rapid HIV testing methods among urban U.S. healthcare providers found that administrative barriers and insufficient training among non-laboratory staff were important factors in hindering the use of rapid HIV testing.
2010
Journal Article
Running Away from Home: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Risk Factors and Young Adult Outcomes
Risk factors for adolescent running away from home include lack of parental support, school disengagement, depression, and heavier substance use at Grade 9; runaways had higher drug dependence and more depressive symptoms at age 21 than non-runaways.
2010
Journal Article
Timing of Parent and Child Communication About Sexuality Relative to Children's Sexual Behaviors
Examine timing of parent-child discussions about sexual topics relative to child-reported sexual behavior.
2010
Journal Article
Creating a Developmentally Sensitive Measure of Adolescent Alcohol Misuse: An Application of Item Response Theory
This study, funded by the US National Institute of Drug Abuse, evaluates the usefulness of item response theory to create a developmental alcohol misuse scale.
2009
Journal Article
Improving Disparity Estimates for Rare Racial/Ethnic Groups with Trend Estimation and Kalman Filtering: An Application to the National Health Interview Survey
Single-year estimates of health disparities in small racial/ethnic groups are often insufficiently precise to guide policy, whereas estimates that are pooled over multiple years may not accurately describe current conditions.
2009
Journal Article
Long-term Effects of Drug Prevention on Risky Sexual Behavior Among Young Adults
This study assesses the impact of a school-based drug prevention program, called Project ALERT, on risky sexual behavior among 1901 nonmarried, sexually active young adults who participated in one of two program variations as adolescents.
2009
Journal Article
Patient Activation Status as a Predictor of Patient Experience Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Determines whether Patient activation status (PAS) is predictive of Medicare beneficiary health care experiences with health providers and insurance plans after case-mix adjustment.
2009
Journal Article
Perceived Effects of Leave from Work and the Role of Paid Leave Among Parents of Children with Special Health Care Needs
The authors examined the perceived effects of leave from work among employed parents of children with special health care needs.
2009
Journal Article
Recanting of Life-Time Inhalant Use: How Big a Problem and What to Make of It
To establish the prevalence of recanting of life-time inhalant use, the authors identify correlates of recanting to gain insight to its causes and develop a method for distinguishing recanters who truly are versus are not life-time users of inhalants.
2009
Journal Article
Age Cohort Differences in the Developmental Milestones of Gay Men
Gay male psychological and sexual behavior milestones (e.g., awareness of attraction to males) are slowly moving toward earlier chronological ages, whereas social milestones (e.g., coming out) are moving more rapidly in a similar direction.
2008
Journal Article
Awareness and Use of California's Paid Family Leave Insurance Among Parents of Chronically Ill Children
California's Paid Family Leave Insurance Program (PFLI), the first of its kind, has not increased the percentage of parents who took leave to care for a chronically ill child. Parents were generally unaware of PFLI and rarely used it.
Jan 1, 2008
Journal Article
Bridging from the Picker Hospital Survey to the CAHPS Hospital Survey
Illustrate an accessible and sufficiently precise method of bridging data from earlier surveys to the CAHPS Hospital Survey to support hospital internal quality improvement efforts. Where correspondence is high, old items can and should be replaced.
2008
Journal Article
Evaluation of Talking Parents, Healthy Teens, a New Worksite Based Parenting Programme to Promote Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sexual Health: Randomised Controlled Trial
Finds that a work-based group discussion program for parents--Talking Parents, Healthy Teenshad substantial effects on communication at home between parents and adolescents about sexual health, including ability to communicate and number of topics.
2008
Journal Article
Growing Up in a Permissive Household: What Deters At-Risk Adolescents from Heavy Drinking?
Permissive households (based on parental knowledge of whereabouts, curfew, and predicted response to child drinking or use of marijuana) are associated with adolescent heavy drinking. Alcohol prevention programs can target prodrinking influences.
2008
Journal Article
Multiple Trajectories of Physical Aggression Among Adolescent Boys and Girls
Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify discrete patterns of physical aggression from Grades 7 to 11 among a sample of 1,877 youth.
2008
Journal Article
Reducing Early Smokers' Risk for Future Smoking and Other Problem Behavior: Insights from a Five-Year Longitudinal Study
Finds risk and protective factors during adolescence that predict future regular smoking and multiple problem behavior among youth who had tried smoking by grade 7. Protective factors include good grades and parental disapproval of smoking/drug use.
2008
Journal Article
Sample Designs for Measuring the Health of Small Racial/Ethnic Subgroups
Most national health surveys do not permit precise measurement of the health of racial/ethnic subgroups that comprise <1 per cent of the U.S. population. We identify three potentially promising sample design strategies for increasing the accuracy of national health estimates for a small target subgroup when used to supplement a small probability sample of that group and apply these strategies to American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and Chinese using National Health Interview Survey data.
2008
Journal Article
Understanding Differences in Substance Use Among Bisexual and Heterosexual Young Women
Examines developmental factors that may contribute to higher substance use rates among bisexual than heterosexual women. Adolescent bisexual women were more likely to have been current and solitary substance users and reported poorer mental health.
2008
Journal Article
The Quality of Ambulatory Care Delivered to Children in the United States
Little is known about the magnitude of deficits in the quality of care delivered to children, since comprehensive studies have been lacking.
Oct 11, 2007
Research Brief
New Perspectives on Marijuana and Youth: Abstainers Are Not Maladjusted, but Lone Users Face Difficulties
This research brief describes evidence RAND researchers use to challenge findings from 1990 report on marijuana use and emotional and social adjustment in teens.
Aug 16, 2007
Journal Article
Are Adolescent Substance Users Less Satisfied with Life as Young Adults and If So, Why?
The present study investigated whether adolescent cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and hard drug use predicts life satisfaction in young adulthood.
2007
Journal Article
Association of Sexual Abstinence in Adolescence with Mental Health in Adulthood
The authors examined whether adolescent sexual abstinence predicts better adult mental health.
2007
Journal Article
Outpatient Mental Health Utilization Among Commercially Insured Individuals: In- and Out-of-Network Care
This study examined the rates and correlates of out-of-network outpatient mental health specialty care.
2007
Journal Article
The Role of Substance Use in Young Adult Divorce
AIM: To test the relationships between various forms of substance use during marriage and subsequent divorce among US young adults.
2007
Journal Article
Adolescent Predictors of Generalized Health Risk in Young Adulthood: A 10-Year Longitudinal Assessment
The authors conducted a prospective examination of multiple adolescent predictors of generalized health risk in early adulthood.
2006
Journal Article
Affective and Behavioral Responses to Health-Related Social Control
Social control has the potential to encourage engagement in a healthy lifestyle, its effectiveness may depend on the nature of the influence attempt.
2006
Journal Article
Are Drug Experimenters Better Adjusted Than Abstainers and Users? A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Marijuana Use
Results refute idea that adolescents who abstain from substance use are maladjusted, and suggest they function better than experimenters later in life
2006
Journal Article
Cigarette Smoking from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Women's Developmental Trajectories and Associates Outcomes
Women with certain patterns of smoking from age 13-23 are at heightened risk for early transitions to sexual activity and parenthood.
2006
Journal Article
Does Solitary Substance Use Increase Adolescents' Risk for Poor Psychosocial and Behavioral Outcomes? A 9-Year Longitudinal Study Comparing Solitary and Social Users
Results indicate the importance of better understanding and addressing the needs of this understudied group of high-risk youth.
2006
Journal Article
Exploring the Link Between Substance Abuse and Abortion: The Roles of Unconventionality and Unplanned Pregnancy.
It seems unlikely that reducing substance use will result in substantially fewer abortions.
2006
Journal Article
General Medical Costs of Recipients of Behavioral Health Care
Estimate the general medical costs of individuals who received behavioral health care.
2006
Journal Article
Impact of Instructional Practices on Student Satisfaction with Attendings' Teaching in the Inpatient Component of Internal Medicine Clerkships
Determine the prevalence and influence of specific attending teaching practices on student evaluations of the quality of attendings' teaching in the inpatient component of Internal Medicine clerkships.
2006
Report
Social Control of Health Behavior: Associations With Conscientiousness and Neuroticism
Explores how conscientiousness and neuroticism are related to health status behaviors.
2006
Journal Article
Concurrent Use of Alcohol and Cigarettes from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: An Examination of Developmental Trajectories and Outcomes
Importance of curbing smoking behavior among adolescents before it becomes habitual.
2005
Report
Effects of Early and Later Marriage on Women's Alcohol Use in Young Adulthood: A Prospective Analysis
Compares the effects of marriage in adolescence versus young adulthood on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences, and finds that women who marry are socialized into conventional adult roles that discourage deviant behavior.
2005
Journal Article
Isolating the Nexus of Substance Use, Violence and Sexual Risk for HIV Infection Among Young Adults in the United States
Adults aged 18 to 29 are at significant sexual risk for HIV infection.
2005
Journal Article
Marijuana Use and Later Problems: When Frequency of Recent Use Explains Age of Initiation Effects (and When It Does Not)
Tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana are among the most commonly used drugs during adolescence.
2005
Journal Article
Predictors of Attempted Quitting and Cessation Among Young Adult Smokers
Different risk and protective factors are relevant to understanding why smokers attempt to quit vs. why they are able to quit for 6 months or longer.
2005
Report
Processes Linking Adolescent Problems to Substance-Use Problems in Late Young Adulthood
Explores how problematic substance use, failure to assume adult roles and responsibilities, and exposure to pro-drug social influences in adolescence may be linked to later substance use.
2005
Journal Article
Scope of HIV Risk and Co-Occurring Psychosocial Health Problems Among Young Adults: Violence, Victimization, and Substance Use
This study examines the co-occurrence of sexual risk with violence, victimization, risky substance use, and drug-related problems among young adults.
2005
Journal Article
Substance Use Trajectories from Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: A Comparison of Smoking, Binge Drinking, and Marijuana Use
Over the past several years, there has been growing interest in identifying distinct developmental trajectories of substance use.
2005
Journal Article
Antecedents and Outcomes of Marijuana Use Initiation During Adolescence
Results emphasize the importance of early intervention and identify a wide range of potentially modifiable risk factors that may be targeted.
2004
Research Brief
Classroom Drug Prevention Works: But Left Unchecked, Early Substance Use Haunts Older Teens and Young Adults
Alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs are in the nation's schools, sidetracking kids from getting a good education and from building a solid foundation for a productive, healthy life.
2004
Journal Article
Developmental Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking and Their Correlates from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Smoking initiation typically occurs in adolescence and increases over time into emerging adulthood.
2004
Journal Article
The Emotional and Behavioral Impact of Terrorism on Children: Results from a National Survey
Significant differences in terrorism-related topics discussed and symptoms reported among different sociodemographic groups suggest that the impact of terrorism may be unevenly distributed across society, which has important implications for terrorism preparedness and response policies.
2004
Report
From Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Smoking
The authors used data gathered from 6259 youths between the ages of 13 and 23 years to compare trends in smoking among 4 racial/ethnic groups.
2004
Journal Article
A National Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Consequences of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks: Reactions, Impairment, and Help-Seeking
This article examines the evolution of psychological and behavioral reactions following the September 2001 terrorist attacks in a nationally representative sample, and describes where people turned for support, information, and counseling.
2004
Journal Article
Predictors for Medical Students Entering a General Surgery Residency: National Survey Results
The number of general surgery (GS) residency applicants had been decreasing before 2003.
2004
Journal Article
Social Control of Health Behaviors: A Comparison of Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults
Social control can positively influence health behaviors, but changes in social networks over time may result in less health-related social control.
2004
Journal Article
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Differences in Smoking During the Transition to Adulthood
At age 23, African Americans and Asians exhibited substantially lower rates of current smoking than Whites and Hispanics.
2003
Report
Five-Year Prospective Study of Risk Factors for Daily Smoking in Adolescence Among Early Nonsmokers and Experimenters
Results point to the importance of adapting prevention efforts to the special needs of early nonsmokers and experimenters.
2003
Journal Article
Predictors of the Transition to Regular Smoking During Adolescence and Young Adulthood
To identify predictors of the transition from experimentation to regular smoking in middle adolescence, late adolescence, and young adulthood.
2003
Journal Article
Social Context and Adolescent Health Behavior: Does School-Level Smoking Prevalence Affect Students' Subsequent Smoking Behavior?
Paper examines the links between individual adolescent smoking behavior and actual and perceived smoking behavior in the individual's school cohort.
2003
Journal Article
Ten-year Prospective Study of Public Health Problems Associated with Early Drinking
To compare early nondrinkers, experimenters, and drinkers on the prevalence of problem behaviors at grades 7 and 12 and at age 23
2003
Research Brief
Does Early Smoking Signal Later Problems?
Whereas earlier studies focused on older adolescents, we have examined the trajectory of smoking from the middle school years to the end of high school and have assessed the association between early smoking and other concurrent high-risk behaviors as well as later behaviors.
2002