The U.S.–Japan Alliance

Realizing a Free and Open Indo-Pacific

Jeffrey W. Hornung, Mina Pollmann

ResearchPublished Sep 30, 2024

The use of the term Free and Open Indo-Pacific, or FOIP, has proliferated since 2016 to the point that it is common parlance in international affairs. To explore how the United States, Japan, and other countries assess the concept of FOIP and the regional engagement strategies that have been derived from it, RAND convened a conference at the JAPAN HOUSE Los Angeles on March 1, 2024, that brought together experts and officials to discuss these issues. These conference proceedings contain a summary of that conference. At the end, the authors provide an analytical assessment of FOIP that compares the three pillars of the FOIP that were enunciated in 2019 to the four pillars of the New Plan for FOIP that were announced in 2023. Through this comparison, the assessment shows the change and continuity in FOIP and draws insights regarding how FOIP is likely to continue to evolve.

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Hornung, Jeffrey W. and Mina Pollmann, The U.S.–Japan Alliance: Realizing a Free and Open Indo-Pacific, RAND Corporation, CF-A3404-1, 2024. As of September 30, 2024: https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CFA3404-1.html
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Hornung, Jeffrey W. and Mina Pollmann, The U.S.–Japan Alliance: Realizing a Free and Open Indo-Pacific. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2024. https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CFA3404-1.html.
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This research was sponsored by the Government of Japan and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Program of the RAND National Security Research Division.

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