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Gender Differences in Major Federal External Grant Programs

by Susan D. Hosek, Amy G. Cox, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Aaron Kofner, Nishal Ray Ramphal, Jon Scott, Sandra H. Berry

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The Wyden amendment to the National Science Foundation (NSF) Authorization Act of 2002 sought to determine whether federally funded educational programs other than sports comply with Title IX, which prohibits gender discrimination. At the request of NSF, this report analyzes administrative data from fiscal years 2001 through 2003 describing the outcomes of grant applications submitted by women versus men to federal agencies, specifically with regard to the probability of getting funded, the funding requested, the size of the award, and the probability of applying again. The report focuses on three federal agencies: the National Institutes of Health (NIH), NSF, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Overall the study finds that few gender differences in federal grant funding exist over the period studied. However, women applying as principal investigators to NIH receive less funding than men do, and overall women are somewhat less likely to apply again to the same agency. In addition to the findings, the authors of the report observe the many limitations in the information collected by federal grant application and award data systems and recommend ways the federal agencies can improve their tracking of gender differences.

Table of Contents

  • Chapter One

    Introduction

  • Chapter Two

    Analytic Framework, Data, and Empirical Methods

  • Chapter Three

    Findings

  • Chapter Four

    Summary and Discussion

  • Appendix A

    Previous Research

  • Appendix B

    Key Features of Major Federal Extramural Research Grant Programs

  • Appendix C

    Coding of NIH Award Types

  • Appendix D

    Regression Results

  • Appendix E

    Academic Interviews

This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a division of the RAND Corporation.

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