Research Brief
Transforming Indonesia's Centralized Education System to School-Based Management
Jun 5, 2012
This study provides a quantitative and qualitative status report on the implementation of school-based management (SBM) in Indonesia, identifies factors associated with the successful practices of SBM, and assesses SBM effects on student achievement eight years after inception. They found that the implementation so far has produced limited success and provide recommendations to strengthen the nation's SBM practices.
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This study provides a quantitative and qualitative status report on the implementation of school-based management (SBM) in Indonesia, identifies factors associated with the successful practices of SBM, and assesses SBM effects on student achievement eight years after its inception. The authors' findings are based on face-to-face surveys of principals, teachers, school committee members, and parents; surveys of district staff; and a case study. SBM required a major shift in how people think about schooling and a significant improvement in the capacity of principals, teachers, and the community to provide leadership, develop programmatic alternatives to meet local educational needs, and engage parents and the community in the governance of schools. Implementation of SBM so far has met with limited success. Although most principals reported that they had the autonomy to make school decisions, they also said that they did not take advantage of it by making significant programmatic and instructional changes. Districts continued to strongly influence school policies and practices. School committee and parental involvement in school affairs was minimal. Both expressed an attitude of noninterference with school matters and deference to school staff. All school-level stakeholders said that they were not well prepared to provide effective leadership. Improving implementation and the outcomes of SBM in Indonesia will require expanding principal, teacher, and school committee member capacity to implement SBM; increasing school staff ability to make operational and instructional changes; and developing district capacity to support schools and SBM.
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Study Design
Chapter Three
Status of School-Based Management Implementation
Chapter Four
Capacity of Schools to Implement SBM
Chapter Five
District Support of SBM Implementation
Chapter Six
Intermediate Outcomes
Chapter Seven
Factors Associated with SBM Implementation and Outcomes
Chapter Eight
Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendix A
Sampled Districts
Appendix B
Memo on Specifications for Grade 5 Student Tests in Bahasa and Mathematics
Appendix C
Characteristics of PN S and Non-PN S Teachers
Appendix D
Definitions of Variables Used to Analyze Factors Associated with SBM Implementation and Outcomes
Appendix E
Factors Associated with Intermediate SBM and Student Outcomes
This work was sponsored by the World Bank. The research was conducted in RAND Education, a unit of the RAND Corporation.
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