Report
Unlocking NATO's Amphibious Potential: Lessons from the Past, Insights for the Future
Nov 9, 2020
Command and Control of a Multibrigade Alliance Task Force
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Amphibious leaders of seven North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations — France, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States — participate in the Amphibious Leaders Expeditionary Symposium (ALES), a forum for general and flag officers to discuss opportunities for improved interoperability, command and control (C2), and utilization of amphibious forces within NATO. Meeting since 2016, ALES efforts have focused on integrating existing forces to contribute to NATO's deterrence posture and collective defense at the major joint operation plus (MJO+) level.
In 2017–2018, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa asked the RAND Corporation to design and facilitate three events with the objective of identifying suitable C2 constructs and associated doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership, personnel, facilities, and interoperability considerations for large-scale NATO maritime and amphibious operations. Aided by a scenario centered on confrontation with a near-peer competitor, maritime and amphibious leaders explored how to leverage NATO's existing amphibious capacity by aggregating national capabilities into a coherent C2 structure.
In this report, the authors analyze the results of these three events, note their observations, and state implications and potential next steps for NATO.
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Strategic Context
Chapter Three
The Naples Tabletop
Chapter Four
The Northwood High North Seminar
Chapter Five
The Stavanger Wargame
Chapter Six
Conclusion
Appendix A
Command and Control Constructs Explored
Appendix B
Scenarios and Forces
Appendix C
DOTMLPF-I Summary
Appendix D
Comparison of Allied Maritime Headquarters
This research was sponsored by U.S. Marine Corps Forces Europe and Africa and conducted within the International Security and Defense Policy Center of the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the intelligence community.
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