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European Union

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The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 independent Member States. RAND frequently conducts research for EU institutions and agencies and has also explored such topics as the EU's role in nation building and the implications of EU expansion on the global security environment.

Commentary
How the EU Can Overcome Barriers to Using AI in Border Security and Beyond
Artificial intelligence is increasingly a crucial tool for improvement and innovation in public policy and services. While there are opportunities to harness AI as a tool for improving the effectiveness of border-security functions, there are also barriers to its adoption.
May 17, 2021
Project
RAND Europe Improves Policy and Decision Making in Europe and Around the World
RAND Europe is a not-for-profit research institute dedicated to helping improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. With offices in the UK and Belgium, its research portfolio complements RAND's and also includes choice modeling, evaluation, workplace wellbeing, and much more.
Jul 22, 2021

Explore European Union

Journal Article
A Quantitative Analysis of the Costs of Corruption in the EU
The aim of this report is to quantify the economic and societal losses due to corruption in the European Union, and to identify potential for action at EU level, to address the challenges identified.
Feb 28, 2023
Journal Article
Study to Support an Evaluation of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL): Final Report
This is the final report of the study to support the European Commission's evaluation of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL).
Feb 14, 2023
Commentary
How the Dutch Approached Brexit
The impact of Brexit on the Netherlands is significant. The Dutch government would have preferred the UK to stay in the EU. But despite all this, the Netherlands approached Brexit with relative clarity of purpose and the administration of the program brought a satisfactory outcome.
Feb 9, 2023
Journal Article
Strengthening the Fight Against Corruption: Assessing the EU Legislative and Policy Framework
This study aims to provide recommendations for possible EU measures in the area of corruption prevention and repression and to assess and compare the impacts of the identified policy options.
Jan 19, 2023
Journal Article
Study on a Future-Proofing Analysis of the 2017 EU AMR Action Plan
This preliminary outcome assessment and future-proofing study of the 2017 European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) identifies priorities to inform improvements that can make the EU AMR Action Plan fit for the future.
Jan 19, 2023
Report
Evaluatie rijksbrede Brexit-inzet van de Nederlandse overheid: Eindrapport: [Evaluation of the Dutch government's efforts to prepare for Brexit]
Evaluation of how the Netherlands determined its position in the Brexit negotiations between the EU and the UK, to what extent the Dutch government sufficiently prepared for its consequences, and whether public expenditures were effective.
Dec 19, 2022
Journal Article
Combating Coercive Control and Psychological Violence Against Women in the EU Member States
The study analyses the causes and consequences of coercive control and psychological violence against women.
Jul 19, 2022
Journal Article
Development of Future Scenarios for Sustainable Pesticide Use and Achievement of Pesticide-Use and Risk-Reduction Targets Announced in the Farm to Fork and Biodiversity Strategies by 2030: Executive Summary
We conducted an evidence review of academic and grey literature and legal and regulatory documents to identify the key factors driving pesticide use in the EU. A PESTLE framework was used to structure the approach and identify potential factors across different influence areas.
Jun 24, 2022
Journal Article
Development of Future Scenarios for Sustainable Pesticide Use and Achievement of Pesticide-Use and Risk-Reduction Targets Announced in the Farm to Fork and Biodiversity Strategies by 2030
We conducted an evidence review of academic and grey literature and legal and regulatory documents to identify the key factors driving pesticide use in the EU. A PESTLE framework was used to structure the approach and identify potential factors across different influence areas.
Jun 24, 2022
Commentary
Rethinking the EU's Role in European Collective Defence
Russia's invasion of Ukraine is forcing European nations to quickly re-evaluate how best to maintain their collective security. This makes the concept of European strategic autonomy—the EU's increased ability to operate independently and with partners of choice on defence and security matters—more relevant than ever.
May 20, 2022
Report
Security Cooperation in a Strategic Competition
Neither China nor Russia has a formal doctrine or strategy for security cooperation. How can the United States enhance its security cooperation policies and activities to its competitive advantage?
Apr 6, 2022
Journal Article
Building a Better Understanding of the Impact of Early Childhood Education and Care
This European Platform for Investing in Children research note examines the medium- and long-term impact of early childhood education and care provision on education and labour market outcomes for children and parents, as well as the indicators employed for these measurements.
Jan 27, 2022
Journal Article
Juggling Work and Childcare During COVID-19: How EU Member States Supported Working Families in 2020
This report outlines existing evidence about the experiences of working parents and families in Europe during the COVID-19 outbreaks in 2020 and reviews the policies set out by 10 selected EU member states in response to these challenges.
Jan 11, 2022
Journal Article
Assessment of Electronic Health Records for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Final Mapping Exercise Report
The objective of the project is to investigate the current status of EHR systems in the EU and European Economic Area and the potential capacity for the use of these data for surveillance of infectious diseases within ECDC's remit.
Dec 1, 2021
Commentary
U.S. Support for European Strategic Autonomy Could Boost Transatlantic Solidarity and Security
Leaders of EU member states and institutions have recently renewed calls for Europe to assume a greater role and increased autonomy in transatlantic and global security and defense. How can Europe and the United States work together to reduce misperceptions about strategic autonomy and chart an outcome that could enhance transatlantic solidarity and security?
Nov 19, 2021
Multimedia
European Strategic Autonomy in Defence
What does European strategic autonomy in defence mean for the EU, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and EU-U.S. relations? In this Expert Insights podcast, Lucia Retter, Stephanie Pezard, and Stephen Flanagan discuss the path towards greater EU defence integration and factors that affect how this autonomy develops going forward.
Nov 9, 2021
Report
European Strategic Autonomy in Defence: Transatlantic visions and implications for NATO, US and EU relations
This study examines the meaning of European strategic autonomy in defence and its implications for the U.S., NATO and US-EU relations using a scenario methodology and transatlantic expert consultation.
Nov 9, 2021
Report
Civilian Resilience in the Baltic States
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have a history of resistance to foreign occupation. If the countries were occupied today, civilians could play a powerful role in their defense. They could impose costs on the occupier, deny consolidation, reduce capacity for repression, secure allied support, and expand popular support.
Nov 1, 2021
Journal Article
5G Supply Market Trends: Executive Summary and Final Report
The study provides an analysis of plausible developments of the 5G equipment and services supply market looking to 2030.
Aug 20, 2021
Commentary
Disrespecting Europe Could Cost Russia
Western unity is critical to addressing authoritarian challenges. Brexit, immigration, leadership transition in Germany, and COVID-19 provide grist for Russian propaganda claims of European weakness. But unified EU action on Ukraine, Navalny, and Belarus shows that Europe is a force with which to be reckoned.
Jul 26, 2021

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RAND Topic:
European Union

Topic Synonyms:
EU

Research conducted by

Researcher Spotlight

Charles P. Ries

Adjunct Senior Fellow

Ambassador (Ret.) Charles Ries is an adjunct senior fellow at the RAND Corporation. His research focuses on the economics of development, trade, transatlantic, and Middle East affairs. Previously, Ries served as vice president, International at RAND (2012–2020). Earlier, while on a leave of…
Stijn Hoorens

Office Director, RAND Europe Brussels, Senior Research Leader

Stijn Hoorens (he/him) is the director of RAND's Brussels Office and a senior research leader at RAND Europe. He has extensive experience in designing and leading policy studies at RAND for a range of international clients. His research interests are broad, but most of his work has revolved…

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