Chloe E. Bird

Advancing Women's Health Requires Better Evidence

For decades, advances in health and health care have had a bias toward the male body. By shifting the focus of research to women's bodies and building out this base of evidence on women's health, scientists and doctors can improve health outcomes and overall quality of life for women, all while also saving money.

Doubling NIH Funding for Women's Health Would Yield Substantial Return on Investment

The scientific evidence base generally is biased toward the male body as a result of a long history of generous funding for diseases that predominantly affect men and underfunding for those that predominantly affect women. But the cost of the science pales in comparison to the price we continue to pay for what we don't know about caring for women.

Underfunding of Research in Women's Health Issues Is the Biggest Missed Opportunity in Health Care

For far too long, the medical sciences have treated men and women as interchangeable subjects, favoring men's health for funding and the male body for study. This approach creates a problem, not just for women but for everyone. Not only does it miss a large and critical slice of the population, it leaves an unknown amount of science unexplored.

Mothers Need a Continuous System of Care Even After Babies Are Born

In the United States, babies are born into a system of well-child care—a series of planned health care visits designed to protect their health from day one through age six. But no such system exists for their mothers. How do we create a system of health care for mothers that mirrors well-child care?

Out of the Ashes: Forging the Post-Pandemic U.S. Health System

With shifting insights, new problems, and exacerbation of old problems revealed by the pandemic, innovative solutions in the U.S. health system are being adopted where rapid change would normally have been rare. There is both an opportunity and a responsibility to assess how these changes are working and where they can improve health, reduce inequity, and save money.

Your Gift to Health Care Providers, Yourself, and Your Family

A whispered secret in medicine is that resuscitative efforts do not typically save a life. In anticipation of the pandemic surge, hospitals are discussing blanket do-not-resuscitate orders for patients dying from the coronavirus. It is time to publicly and privately discuss the limits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation so patients stricken with COVID-19 can make informed end-of-life decisions and make those decisions known to their closest relatives.

Women and COVID-19: Studying the Impact of Sex and Gender

Much of current medical evidence is based largely on men. The current COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique opportunity to examine the potential value of asking questions about sex and gender differences to inform ongoing policy decisions.

Policy Barriers to Best Practices: The Impact of Restrictive State Regulations on Access to Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods of birth control, which include the intrauterine device and subdermal implant, are highly effective, very safe, preferable to women, and cost effective. But some states' contraceptive policies create direct and indirect barriers to LARC use.

UK and Europe Are Behind the Times for Single Mothers and Their Children

Single parents head 10.4 percent of households with children across Europe — 20.4 percent in the UK — and the socioeconomic gap between single- and two-parent households continues to grow. Accessible and flexible work policies are needed to improve employment conditions for single parents, especially mothers.

Should You Get Screened for Heart Disease?

Many think of cardiovascular disease (CVD) primarily as a male problem. But one in three adult women has some form of CVD, which has killed more American women than men every year since 1984. Cardiovascular risk assessments can help women understand their current risk and health behaviors.

I'm Too Busy for Exercise I Just Don't Have the Time

As hard as it can be to make time for exercise, failing to do so isn't a time-saver. It might seem so for a day or two, but you will feel the result of not exercising in the reductions in your energy, ability to focus and cope, and in your quality of sleep.

Take the Morality Out of Health Choices: Stop the Blame Game

Framing positive health behaviors as good or virtuous and less effective or harmful ones as bad trips most people up on a regular basis. People would do well to think of positive health behaviors—such as getting a good night's sleep or eating healthy foods—as doing what works, rather than as being virtuous.

Improving Your Health: Small Steps Can Yield Big Benefits

It is worth making changes in your everyday choices and actions in order to improve your health. Real benefits in terms of increases in energy, improved sleep, and reduced cardiovascular disease risk are attainable.

Have You Estimated Your Cardiovascular Risk?

Research suggests that setting a baseline by getting an estimate of your individual cardiovascular risk can help you see more clearly what you have at stake and what you can do to improve your chances of a long and healthy life.

5 Steps to Decrease Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Five steps could help reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease, especially if you track your efforts: know your risk, increase physical activity, reduce sedentary time, improve nutrition, and get enough sleep.

Assessing and Addressing Women's Health and Health Care

Women make up a majority of the U.S. population. Yet research policies and practices often treat women's health and health care as special topics or minority issues. The resulting knowledge gaps hamstring efforts to improve women's health care and outcomes even for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death among women.

Caring for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, Why Gender Matters

High-quality routine care for both cardiovascular disease and diabetes is at least as relevant to women's health and survival as it is to men's. Yet evidence suggests that women continue to face gaps in even low-cost, routine aspects of care.

Can Catholic Colleges Block Free Condom Distribution?

If this issue were to be decided on the basis of public health benefits, the outcome would be clear: Condoms indisputably prevent both unintended pregnancies and the spread of sexually transmitted infections, writes Chloe Bird.

Making Heart Disease a Women's Issue

When it comes to women's health, cancer gets a good deal of the attention; somehow, it hasn’t fully registered that so many of our mothers, sisters, friends and daughters are being affected by another, often silent killer, writes Chloe E. Bird.

California Improves on Affordable Care Act by Letting RNs Dispense Birth Control

As we look for ways to provide efficient, high-quality and cost-effective healthcare to more Americans, states may study California as a potential model for how to do more to deliver on what the Affordable Care Act has to offer women, while saving money at the same time, writes Chloe Bird.

Can Improving the Options Improve Our Choices and Outcomes?

Much of the talk has focused on how New York City's ban on sugary drinks, intended to curb obesity by improving dietary choices for consumers, will restrict individuals’ options. Of course, even after the ban, consumers can still buy a second soda. But they might want to take a moment to think about the consequences before doing so, writes Chloe Bird.

Supporting Comprehensive Health Care for Women Makes Dollars, and Sense

As we look for ways to provide efficient, high-quality, and cost-effective health care to more Americans, we can't afford to ignore women's health issues, including reproductive health care and the cost savings that contraceptive access provides, writes Chloe Bird.

Bedside Manners: Obesity Is Not All Your Fault

We will be more successful at stemming the growing tide of obesity and improving our own health if everyone accepts their share of responsibility for the obesity epidemic, write Chloe E. Bird and Tamara Dubowitz.

Celebrating Birth Control on Mother's Day? Not as Counterintuitive as It Sounds

Reliable birth control contributed to economic development by reducing women's risk of dropping out of school associated with early childbearing and high fertility rates, contributing in turn to increases in women's labor force participation, the continuity of their careers, and the standard of living of women, children and families, writes Chloe Bird.

Report

Birth-Centered Outcomes Research Engagement (B-CORE) in Medi-Cal: Community-Generated Recommendations to Decrease Maternal Mortality and Severe Maternal Morbidity

The B-CORE project, described in this report, applied the deliberative democracy method to engage affected community members in problem-solving focused on maternal health inequities in California.

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Preventing Maternal Deaths in Medi-Cal: What Health Care Systems Can Do

This fact sheet presents recommendations for health care systems (e.g., birth facilities, clinics) from the Birth-Centered Outcomes Research Engagement in Medi-Cal Project to decrease maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity in Medi-Cal.

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Preventing Maternal Deaths in Medi-Cal: What Medi-Cal and Health Plans Can Do

This fact sheet presents recommendations for Medi-Cal administrators and contracted health plans from the Birth-Centered Outcomes Research Engagement in Medi-Cal Project to decrease maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity in Medi-Cal.

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Preventing Maternal Deaths in Medi-Cal: What Policymakers Can Do

This fact sheet presents recommendations for policymakers from the Birth-Centered Outcomes Research Engagement in Medi-Cal Project to decrease maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity among Medi-Cal members.

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Preventing Maternal Deaths in Medi-Cal: What Communities Can Do

This fact sheet presents recommendations for communities from the Birth-Centered Outcomes Research Engagement in Medi-Cal Project to decrease maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity among Medi-Cal members.

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Preventing Maternal Deaths in Medi-Cal: What Researchers Can Do

This fact sheet presents recommendations for researchers from the Birth-Centered Outcomes Research Engagement in Medi-Cal Project to decrease maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity among Medi-Cal members.

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Societal Impact of Research Funding for Women's Health in Lung Cancer

The authors find that small investments are likely to yield large gains from increasing research funding in lung cancer; investing in women's health research yields benefits above investing in general research.

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Research Funding for Women's Health: A Modeling Study of Societal Impact: Findings for Lung Cancer

Using microsimulation analyses, examines the societal cost impact of increasing research funding in lung cancer.

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Research Funding for Women's Health: A Modeling Study of Societal Impact: Findings for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Using microsimulation analyses, the authors examined the societal cost impact of increasing research funding in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

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Societal Impact of Research Funding for Women's Health in Rheumatoid Arthritis

The authors find that small investments are likely to yield large gains from increasing research funding in rheumatoid arthritis; investing in women's health research yields benefits above investing in general research.

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Research Funding for Women's Health: Modeling Societal Impact

Researchers examined the impact of increasing funding for women's health research, with a focus on the following three disease areas: brain health, immune and autoimmune disease, and cardiovascular disease.

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Research Funding for Women's Health: A Modeling Study of Societal Impact: Findings for Coronary Artery Disease

Using microsimulation analyses, the authors examined the societal cost impact of increasing research funding in Coronary Artery Disease.

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Societal Impact of Research Funding for Women's Health in Coronary Artery Disease

The authors find that small investments are likely to yield large gains from increasing research funding in coronary artery disease; investing in women's health research yields benefits above investing in general research.

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Research Funding for Women's Health: A Modeling Study of Societal Impact: Findings for Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementia Model

Using microsimulation analyses, examines the societal cost impact of increasing research funding in Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease related disorders.

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Societal Impact of Research Funding for Women's Health in Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease–Related Dementias

The authors find that small investments can yield large gains from increasing research funding in Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease–related dementias; investing in women's health research yields benefits above investing in general research.

Journal Article

Mapping the Gaps: Gender Differences in Preventive Cardiovascular Care Among Managed Care Members in Four Metropolitan Areas

Using geospatial technology to generate maps for quality of care metrics and making the information accessible to key stakeholders provides the opportunity to better address disparities in CVD management for women.

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Establishing Gender-Neutral Physical Standards for Ground Combat Occupations: Volume 1. A Review of Best-Practice Methods

This report identifies and describes the best-practice methodologies for establishing valid, gender-neutral standards for physically demanding military jobs.

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Impact of Incident Diabetes on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease According to Statin Use History Among Postmenopausal Women

Regardless of statin use, postmenopausal women with new-onset diabetes had a significantly increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

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Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and the Association Between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

Women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may be more susceptible to air pollution-related health effects, but individual and neighborhood SES did not affect the positive association between long-term fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease.

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Aging Well: Observations from the Women's Health Initiative Study

The purpose of this article is to review contemporary theoretical and conceptual perspectives on aging well and describe indicators of aging well that reflect key concepts and perspectives as assessed in the Women's Health Initiative.

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The Relationship of Cardiovascular Disease to Physical Functioning in Women Surviving to Age 80 and Above in the Women's Health Initiative

Women's Health Initiative participants aged 80 years or older at the time of self-reporting PF (RAND SF-36) were studied in relationship to CVD diagnosis, whether present at study baseline (1993-1998) or diagnosed during follow-up through 2012.

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Military Generation and Its Relationship to Mortality in Women Veterans in the Women's Health Initiative

We examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality by Veteran status and military generation among older women.

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Aging Well Among Women Veterans Compared with Non-Veterans in the Women's Health Initiative

To examine whether Veteran status influences (a) women's survival to age 80 years without disease and disability and (b) indicators of successful, effective, and optimal aging at ages 80 years and older.

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Racial and Ethnic Variations in Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Results from the Women's Health Initiative

This study aimed to evaluate racial/ethnic differences in lung cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Study, a longitudinal prospective cohort evaluation of postmenopausal women recruited from 40 clinical centers.

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Coffee and Caffeine Consumption and the Risk of Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women

We sought to assess longitudinal relations of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and total caffeine intakes with mean blood pressure and incident hypertension in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

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Prospective Analysis of Health and Mortality Risk in Veteran and Non-Veteran Participants in the Women's Health Initiative

This large-scale study compares the long-term health outcomes and mortality risks among veteran and non-veteran participants of the Women's Health Initiative, a set of studies that looks for health risk associations in postmenopausal women.

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Single parents and employment in Europe: Short Statistical Report No. 3

Many single-parent households are led my women which can have an effect on levels of employment. Differences exist between nations and age groups.

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A Step in the Right Direction: Exercising for Your Heart Health

Outlines the health benefits of increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time and offers suggestions on how to make physical activity part of a daily routine.

Journal Article

A Test of Biological and Behavioral Explanations for Gender Differences in Telomere Length: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

The purpose of this study was to examine biological and behavioral explanations for gender differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of cell aging that has been hypothesized to contribute to women's greater longevity.

Research Brief

Mapping Gender Gaps in Health Care

Mapping regional rates of cholesterol screening among patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetes reveals significant gender gaps: Women are often less likely to receive screenings.

Journal Article

Gender-based Analysis Is Essential to Improving Women's Health and Health Care

Gender-based analysis can lay the groundwork to develop more effective decision tools and interventions, and in turn improve both women's and men's health and health care.

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Mapping Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Care: A Pilot Assessment of LDL Cholesterol Testing Rates in a California Health Plan

The care women receive for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes -- and their health outcomes -- lag behind those of men, even for routine care. This pilot project maps gender differences in CVD and diabetes care using data from a large health plan.

Journal Article

Will Extending the Women's Health Initiative Lead to Better Research and Policy?

In this commentary, the author makes the case for the benefits of extending the Women's Health Initiative.

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All-cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality Rates in Postmenopausal White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian Women with and Without Diabetes in the United States: The Women's Health Initiative, 1993-2009

Because of the amplifying effect of diabetes prevalence, efforts to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the rate of death from diabetes should focus on prevention of diabetes.

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The Relationship Between Urban Sprawl and Coronary Heart Disease in Women

Studies have reported relationships between urban sprawl, physical activity, and obesity, but – to date – no studies have considered the relationship between sprawl and coronary heart disease (CHD) endpoints.

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Prediction in a Nationally Representative Sample

NSES is significantly associated with CHD risk, and the relationship varies by gender and race/ethnicity.

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Comprehensive Healthcare: Why Is the Inclusion of Reproductive Health Controversial for Women but Not Men?

Comprehensive care for women that broadly includes reproductive care is not yet the standard of care, despite recognition of the gaps and the many consequences for women's health.

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The Women's Health Initiative: The Food Environment, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, BMI, and Blood Pressure

Post menopausal women living in neighborhoods with higher socioeconomic status and more supermarkets have lower body mass and lower blood pressure.

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Determinants of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Incidence of Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women in the U.S. The Women's Health Initiative 1993–2009

The majority of diabetes cases are preventable, and risk reduction strategies can be effectively applied to all racial/ethnic groups.

Journal Article

Contextual Predictors of Cumulative Biological Risk: Segregation and Allostatic Load

In this study, we build on prior research by Massey (2004) to investigate the relationships between two distinct dimensions of segregation and allostatic load.

Research Brief

Preventing Obesity and Its Consequences: Highlights of RAND Health Research

Summarizes key RAND studies on the causes of obesity, its economic and health consequences, and potential strategies for prevention, including work on health care costs, junk food, food deserts, school meals, and proximity of parks.

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Racial/ethnic Differences in US Health Behaviors: A Decomposition Analysis

Racial/ethnic differences influence the way that neighborhood socioeconomic status affects health behaviors.

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Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Venous Thromboembolism in the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy Trials

There is little evidence of an association between short- or long-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution and venous thromboembolism; and no evidence that hormone therapy is modifing such a link.

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Neighborhood Archetypes for Population Health Research: Is There No Place Like Home?

Latent class analysis. A new approach to studying the role of place in population health, can be used in both research and practice.

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Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive Function in Women

Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) is associated with cognitive functioning in older US women. Future research is needed on the longitudinal relationships between NSES, cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline.

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Technical Detail and Appendices for a Study of Neighborhood Archetypes for Population Health Research

Demonstrates a new approach that employs neighborhood measures such as social environment, built environment, commuting and migration, and demographics and household composition to classify neighborhoods into archetypes.

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Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status and Biological 'Wear and Tear' in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

Living in a lower SES neighborhood is associated with greater biological wear and tear.

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Changing Gendered Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality

Drawing together cutting-edge research on gender and healthcare, this essential guide provides a critical overview of core debates as well as practical guidance on how to bring gender perspectives to the heart of international health policy, practice and research.

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The Application of Biomarker Data to the Study of Social Determinants of Health

The authors adress the possibilities of including biomarkers in sociological research to map physiological pathways over the life course.

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Understanding Gender and Health: Old Patterns, New Trends, and Future Directions

The authors examine the patterns and trends in gender differences in health and consider how social and biologic factors interact to produce paradoxical differences in men's and women's health.

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Estimating and Mapping Health Literacy in the State of Missouri

Using predictive models and information about the demographic makeup of census areas, this paper generates estimates of health literacy for each geographic area and maps the results to identify 'hot spots' of low health literacy across Missouri.

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Neighborhood Effects on Health: Concentrated Advantage and Disadvantage

Individuals with more education benefit from living in highly educated neighborhoods to a greater degree than individuals with lower levels of education.

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How Are Residency Programs Preparing Our 21st Century Internists? A Review of Internal Medicine Residency Programs' Teaching on Selected Topics

Presents the results of interviews with internal medicine program directors about how they are preparing physicians-in-training to practice within the current health care delivery system.

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Does Mental Health History Explain Gender Disparities in Insomnia Symptoms Among Young Adults?

Women are more likely than men to suffer from insomnia symptoms. This article investigates the role that mental health history plays in explaining the gender disparity in insomnia symptoms.

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Developing Predictive Models of Health Literacy

The authors developed two models to estimate health literacy.

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Neighborhoods and Cumulative Biological Risk Profiles by Race/Ethnicity in a National Sample of U.S. Adults: NHANES III

Examines race/ethnic-specific patterns of association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and a cumulative biological risk index in a nationally representative population.

Research Brief

The Societal Promise of Improving Care for Depression: Nine Years Out

This research highlight updates the cumulative effects of a study of a collaborative care-based quality-improvement treatment program for depression after nine years.

Research Brief

Do Neighborhood Economic Conditions Influence the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables?

This fact sheet summarizes a study examining the variation of the intake of fruits and vegetables for blacks, whites, and Mexican Americans, in addition to the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic status and this intake.

Journal Article

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Whites, Blacks, and Mexican Americans in the United States

Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake. Neighborhood SES partially explains black-white intake disparity and is differentially associated with white, black, and Mexican American intake.

Research Brief

Constrained Choice: Why Are Some Women and Men Able To Create and Maintain Healthy Lifestyles, While Others Are Not?

This fact sheet describes a model of constrained choice that explains how policy decisions at the family, work, community, and government levels can have unintended consequences that ultimately produce differences in men's and women's health.

Commercial Book

Gender and Health: The Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies

The first book to examine how men's and women's lives and their physiology contribute to differences in their health. The authors demonstrate that modern societies' health problems involve a combination of policies, personal behavior, and choice.

Journal Article

Age and Gender Differences in Medicare Expenditures and Service Utilization at the End of Life for Lung Cancer Decedents

Gender disparities in expenditures are generally small at the end of life for lung cancer decedents. The bigger observed differences are by age. Higher expenditures for women on social-supportive services may reflect fewer informal supports.

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Biomarkers of Psychological Stress in Health Disparities Research

A number of biomarkers have been shown to be affected by psychological stress, including allostatic load. Biomarkers can help characterize and quantify the biological impact of psychological stress on the etiology of health disparities.

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Challenges for Multilevel Health Disparities Research in a Transdisciplinary Environment

This paper reports on health disparities research as a multilevel research domain from the perspective of a large national initiative.

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Does Place Explain Racial Health Disparities? Quantifying the Contribution of Residential Context to the Black/white Health Gap in the United States

Estimates place effects on racial health disparities. Controlling for a single point-in-time measure of residential context results in a 15-76% reduction of black/white disparities in self-rated health not accounted for by individual-level controls.

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How a Therapy-Based Quality Improvement Intervention for Depression Affected Life Events and Psychological Well-Being Over Time: A 9-Year Longitudinal Analysis

Short-term quality improvement (QI) interventions for depression can improve long-term mental health but mechanisms are unknown.

Research Brief

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Issues Among People with HIV: Lessons from HCSUS

This research brief describes findings from HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study surveys on the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse problems for persons with HIV, access to appropriate care, and ability to adhere to treatment.

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Neighborhood Context and Ethnicity Differences in Body Mass Index: A Multilevel Analysis Using the NHANES III Survey (1988-1994)

The authors provide both a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relation between administrative and survey data.

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Age and Gender Differences in Medicare Expenditures at the End of Life for Colorectal Cancer Decedents

The authors examined age and gender differences in Medicare expenditures for colorectal cancer decedents in the last year of life (LYOL).

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The Associations of Gender, Sexual Identity and Competing Needs with Healthcare Utilization Among People with HIV/AIDS

Studies report gender differences in medical service utilization among persons with HIV, although most compare women to heterogeneous groups of men.

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Differential Diffusion of HIV Technologies by Gender: The Case of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

The authors sought to examine whether diffusion of new HIV technologies differed by gender in the United States.

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Does Quality of Care for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Differ by Gender for Enrollees in Managed Care Plans?

PURPOSE: To assess gender differences in the quality of care for cardiovascular disease and diabetes for enrollees in managed care plans.

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Patterns and Correlates of Deliberate Abstinence Among Men and Women with HIV/AIDS

The authors examined correlates of deliberate sexual abstinence among gay/bisexual men, heterosexual men, and women in a sample of adults with HIV.

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Does Patient-Provider Gender Concordance Affect Mental Health Care Received by Primary Care Patients with Major Depression?

Detection and care of mental health and substance use problems for patients with depression is not influenced by patient-provider gender concordance.

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The Association of Partner Abuse With Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Women and Men With HIV/AIDS

Secondary HIV prevention interventions must take into account potentially abusive contexts in which sexual activity may occur for both men and women.

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The Association of Partner Abuse with Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Women and Men with HIV/AIDS

Assesses whether women, heterosexual men, and gay/bisexual men with HIV who experienced or perpetrated abuse within a close relationship were likely to engage in unprotected intercourse with that same partner.

Journal Article

Rethinking Gender Differences in Health: Why We Need to Integrate Social and Biological Perspectives

The authors goals in this analytic essay are to make the case that gender differences in health matter and that understanding these differences requires an explanation of why rational people are not effective in making health a priority in their everyday lives.

Journal Article

Use of Geocoding in Managed Care Settings to Identify Quality Disparities

Tracking quality-of-care measures is essential for improving care, particularly for vulnerable populations.

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Differences in Medicare Expenditures During the Last 3 Years of Life

While health care spending on minorities, poor people, and men is oftenlower than spending on whites, higher-income people, and women, the spendinggap narrows or disappears in the last year of life for Medicare patients.

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Do the Effects of Quality Improvement for Depression Care Differ for Men and Women?

To affect both quality and outcomes of care for men and women while reducing gender differences, QI programs may need to facilitate access to both medication management and effective psychotherapy for depression.

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Improving Women's Quality of Care for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Feasibility and Desirability of Stratified Reporting of Objective Performance Measures

Potential benefits of and barriers to routine reporting of objective measures of the quality of care, such as HEDIS measures, by health plans.

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Social Context and Adolescent Health Behavior: Does School-Level Smoking Prevalence Affect Students' Subsequent Smoking Behavior?

Paper examines the links between individual adolescent smoking behavior and actual and perceived smoking behavior in the individual's school cohort.

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Career Paths in Diagnostic Radiology: Scope and Effect of Part-Time Work

The motivation for working part-time differed significantly according to gender and age.

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Age and Gender Differences in Health Care Utilization and Spending for Medicare Beneficiaries in Their Last Years of Life

Men's and women's health care experiences differ as they age.

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Integrating Social and Biological Research to Improve Men's and Women's Health

The authors comment on two reports that address the gender health paradox.

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Organization Supports for and Barriers to Part-Time Work Arrangements for Professionals: The Case of Radiology

The authors conducted structured interviews with 69 practice administrators and 13 self-employed or retired radiologists.

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Predictors of Contact with Public Service Sectors Among Homeless Adults with and Without Alcohol and Other Drug Disorders

These disorders may be masking need or otherwise acting as a barrier to accessing treatment and support.

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Sex Differences in Disease Presentation in the Emergency Department

In the Emergency Department, understanding sex differences in disease presentation is especially critical to treatment outcomes.

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Integrating Sociological and Biological Models: An Editorial

Social and biological assumptions about health shape research and affect the development and application of knowledge.

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Mammography-related Anxiety: Effect of Preprocedural Patient Education

To determine the effect of preprocedural education on mammography-related anxiety.

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Medical Sociology at the Millennium

This book represents the status of medical sociology at the millennium.

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Social and Psychological Factors, Physiological Processes, and Physical Health

Authors consider evidence from a variety of other disciplines about one possible pathway-physiological links between psychosocial processes and health

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Sociological Explanations of Gender Differences in Mental and Physical Health

This book represents the status of medical sociology at the millennium.

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Gender, Household Labor, and Psychological Distress: The Impact of the Amount and Division of Housework

Assesses the impact of the amount of household labor performed and its division within the household on men's and women's depression levels.

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Gender Matters: An Integrated Model for Understanding Men's and Women's Health

Health research has failed to adequately explore the combination of social and biological sources of differences it men's and women's health.

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Gender, Time Use, and Health

When gender differences in social roles are controlled, being male is associated with poorer health than being female. If gender roles were more equal, women would experience better health than men, more consistent with their greater longevity.