Howard J. Shatz

Resilient Reconstruction in Ukraine

Kyiv may be prudent to invest in resilience as it rebuilds energy and other utilities, transport, economic and health infrastructure, and housing. Doing so could put Ukraine in a stronger position during the war and give it a jump start on peacetime rebuilding.

Looking Beyond the War: Planning for Ukraine's Reconstruction

More certain than the outcome of the war is the need for an extensive post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. It is likely to be the largest post-war rebuilding effort since the one in Europe after World War Two. The United States and its allies and partners have an intense interest in the success of reconstruction.

NATO's Vilnius Summit Holds the Key for Ukraine's Reconstruction

Repelling Russia's invasion will be top of mind at the NATO summit in Vilnius. But longer-term security decisions may be even more important to Ukraine's future, after the fighting stops.

How to Reform and Reconstruct Ukraine After the War

Hostilities in Ukraine are ongoing, but it is not too early to consider post-war reconstruction. Indeed, the United States and Europe have already begun planning what will probably be the most ambitious post-war rebuilding effort in modern history.

How Might Ukraine's Counteroffensive End, and What Comes After?

Ukraine may soon launch a counteroffensive against Russian forces entrenched in eastern and southern Ukraine. We consider three ways this counteroffensive might end and their implications for the future.

The Global Movement Against China's Economic Coercion Is Accelerating

There is much the West can do to push back against Chinese economic pressure, and many reasons to do so. Doing so is a core interest of the United States, which now places itself in competition with China over the shape of the international order.

The End of the U.S. COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: Q&A with RAND Experts

We asked RAND experts to reflect on the past three years: What were the effects on the United States and around the world, what has changed, what are the most important takeaways, what was done right, and what was done wrong? At the same time, they looked ahead to what might be done to mitigate the health and geopolitical impacts of future pandemics.

One Year After Russia's Invasion of Ukraine: Experts React

We asked nearly 30 RAND experts to highlight takeaways from the first year of Russia's all-out war—and share what they're watching as the conflict in Ukraine grinds on. Here's what they said.

Earthquake in Turkey, Syria: Insights from RAND Researchers

Thousands of people have been confirmed dead in one the strongest earthquakes to hit Turkey and Syria in the past century. As search-and-rescue missions ended and recovery began, a handful of RAND researchers shared some of their initial thoughts.

Politics of Ukrainian Reconstruction

When fighting subsides, Ukraine may undergo reconstruction on the scale of the post–World War II Marshall Plan. Debate is ramping up about core issues, such as the scope of reconstruction, sources of funding, and reforms needed for success. Ukraine and the West might begin now to forge consensus on these issues.

American Investment in Mideast to Stay Focused on Larger Economies Amid Ukraine War

China is often viewed as the economic powerhouse in the Middle East, but the United States has extensive trade, investment, and financial links. U.S. economic involvement in the Middle East is likely to stay focused on larger markets in line with economic growth, without dramatic shifts in location or magnitude.

Rebuilding Ukraine

By leveraging better investment conditions and reforms and broad international support, Ukraine could carry out a well-executed reconstruction program once the fighting ends. It might repair much of the war damage and help Ukraine move into the ranks of faster-growing European economies.

Russia and Ukraine: The Economic Consequences of Peace

Amid some hopeful signs in Russian-Ukrainian ceasefire talks, it may be useful to keep in mind that the West could gain substantial economic leverage to influence outcomes during and after Russia's war against Ukraine. How it uses this leverage could have far-reaching consequences.

Russia's Tragic Failure to Reform Its Economy

Russia's invasion of Ukraine and resulting sanctions will likely devastate Russia's economy. If the country had taken a more productive economic course over the past two decades, it might be looking toward a different future—one in which economic reforms had more tightly integrated Russia with the economically advanced countries, enhanced Russian influence and power, and built global trust.

The Power and Limits of Threat: The Caesar Syrian Civilian Protection Act at One Year

A powerful new U.S. sanctions law on Syria came into effect one year ago, with great notice and speculation regarding its potential effects. Now, one year later, it is apparent that the act's power lies not in who the United States has sanctioned but in who the United States could sanction.

How America Can Help Re-Shape the Post-Soviet Countries

For the post-Soviet states, development could bring better living standards and social conditions and promote more stable politics and inclusive governance. The West would make the most difference by focusing on mid-ranked states, especially those undertaking reforms.

Belarusian Mortgage on Russia's Future

In September, President Vladimir Putin signaled that Russia was throwing its weight behind embattled Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko. But any move to enforce Putin's will in Belarus could invite tougher Western sanctions and scare investors. This would exacerbate problems facing Russia's flagging economy.

With Rollout of Caesar Sanctions on Syria, U.S. Is Just Getting Started in New Bid to End War

In June, the U.S. government announced the implementation of the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act with a flurry of sanctions against 39 people and entities connected with the Assad regime. There is much more to come. Syria, and Russia and Iran, have not yet felt the Caesar Act in full force.

A Path to Recovery from COVID-19 for Small Businesses

The COVID-19 pandemic has hammered small businesses around the United States. We spoke with 21 small business owners to learn more about the challenges they are facing and how they might best be helped.

Why Russia Struggles to Feed Its Great-Power Addiction

Russia has become less cooperative and pursued more autarky in recent years. If Moscow continues this path of resisting globalization, it could be left behind.

Defense Budget Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is taking a dramatic toll on the U.S. economy. This could have significant medium-term implications for the U.S. defense budget. The U.S. Department of Defense will need to find efficiencies that are of at least the same magnitude as the recent sequestration.

Economic Consequences of COVID-19 in the Middle East: Implications for U.S. National Security

The global COVID-19 pandemic will have a dramatic effect on economies across the globe. But the Middle East may be particularly affected, given the simultaneous fall in oil prices. The economic consequences of this pandemic are also likely to affect U.S. interests in the region.

The Economic Wallop of COVID-19: Q&A with RAND Experts

As Washington continues to weigh economic responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, here are insights from RAND experts on how aid money might be best allocated, how this crisis compares to the 2008 recession, what business communities can do right now, and more.

The Social Distancing Economy: Q&A with RAND Experts

Congress and the White House are weighing economic policies to help people acutely affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Here are insights from RAND experts on what might be effective in terms of fiscal policy, stimulus spending, and emergency relief to affected workers.

A Warming Trend in China–Russia Relations

The China–Russia relationship is indeed growing across military, economic, and political dimensions. But it is still more anchored in shared grievances than in common visions. Both countries contest U.S. interests, but in different ways. Washington should treat them as separate strategic challenges.

The Syrian Civil War Is Coming to an End

Coalition forces have driven ISIS from its final patch of territory in Syria. But the bigger challenge will be ending the ongoing civil war and rebuilding Syria to bring home millions of refugees and internally displaced people. This means creating a state that can provide safety, security, and opportunity that forestalls further rebellion and devastation.

Life After Brexit Need Not Be a Disaster for the UK

Leaving the European Union without a deal will be costly for Britain. But there are actions that could be taken now to help improve the economic prospects of a fully independent UK.

Russia Chooses Paupers as Partners, with Questionable Benefit

By leveraging the efficiencies of globalization and cultivating ties with prosperous partners, Russia could increase its economic potential and improve living standards for its people. And by engaging more positively with the world, it could gain influence in the forums that matter, such as the G20 and multilateral institutions.

Why Political Risks May Dampen World Economies in 2018

The world economy has reached its strongest point since the global financial crisis a decade ago. But rising political risks may cloud prospects in 2018 and perhaps beyond.

The Long-Term Budget Shortfall and National Security: A Problem the United States Should Stop Avoiding

Bold promises and even actions that balance the budget for the short term should not mask the fact that the U.S. government has failed to face its long-term budget problems. Without changes, the ability to pay for many functions — including defense — will rely wholly on borrowed money.

King Salman and Putin Deals Leave the U.S. Out in the Cold

Riyadh plans to invest in Russian energy assets and possibly arms. The deals will lead to the manufacture of arms in Saudi Arabia and likely the transfer of military technology. These agreements thwart the U.S.- and EU-led sanctions regime and send an important signal to Washington.

The Made-in-America Global Security and Economic System Still Serves U.S. Interests

The next U.S. president will have many willing partners and an opportunity to expand the global system of security and economic institutions in a way that will help the United States and the world for decades.

Economic Benefits of U.S. Overseas Security Commitments Appear to Outweigh Costs

U.S. policymakers should carefully weigh the potential losses against the potential gains when considering the desirability of large-scale retrenchments of U.S. overseas security commitments.

Eliminating Jobs or Strengthening the Economy? The Impact of Trade Policies on the American Worker

The enormous benefits of trade include economic growth, more variety for industry and consumers, and lower prices. But trade can displace some American workers. Training programs, relocation assistance, and wage insurance can help.

Grasping the Brexit Moment for Free Trade

The United Kingdom's surprising vote to exit the EU turned another tricky day into a possible social crisis. But where there is crisis, there is also opportunity, and the vote presents an opening for another step forward of global trade and investment liberalization.

Striking Back at the Islamic State's Foreign Fighter Pipeline

Islamic State training camps are the breeding grounds of tomorrow's Brussels or Paris attacks, and their consistent penchant for training foreigners suggests that military and security officials need to get serious about how to deal with returnees from Iraq and Syria.

The U.S.-China Summit Is More Significant for Xi Jinping Than Obama

The Xi-Obama summit will provide the opportunity to discuss contentious issues like cybersecurity and the South China Sea, as well as other issues, such as climate change and economic cooperation. For Xi, the visit underscores the tremendous importance of messaging to a Chinese audience the narrative of a continued stable and robust partnership with the country that matters most to China politically and economically.

Iraq Is Bankrolling ISIL

Iraq continues to fund ISIL by continuing salaries to the many Iraqi government employees who live in ISIL-controlled territory. That fact is a reminder of how poorly the country has been governed.

Experts React to ISIS's Gruesome Execution of Jordanian Pilot

A grisly video released yesterday by ISIS appears to show Jordanian pilot Muath al-Kasaesbeh burned alive in a cage. Why the shift away from beheadings? What does the execution mean for Jordan? What implications will it have for ISIS?

To Defeat the Islamic State, Follow the Money

ISIS, likely the world's richest terrorist organization, has bills to pay and mouths to feed. If U.S. President Obama wants to defeat them, he should follow the money.

How ISIS Funds Its Reign of Terror

ISIS raises much of its money just as a well-organized criminal gang would do. It smuggles, it extorts, it skims, it fences, it kidnaps and it shakes down. Although supposedly religiously inspired, its actions are more like those of an organized criminal cult.

Glimpse of bin Laden Techniques in Captured Records of al-Qa'ida in Iraq

Captured financial documents of al-Qa'ida's Iraq affiliate in Anbar Province revealed its internal operations and enabled one of the most comprehensive assessments of an al-Qa'ida linked group, write Benjamin Bahney, Renny McPherson, and Howard J. Shatz.

Report

China's Global Energy Interconnection: Exploring the Security Implications of a Power Grid Developed and Governed by China

The authors of this report demystify the potential global security implications associated with the Global Energy Interconnection—China’s important but poorly understood initiative to establish a global power grid.

Report

Mischief, Malevolence, or Indifference? How Competitors and Adversaries Could Exploit Climate-Related Conflict in the U.S. Central Command Area of Responsibility

This report presents an analysis of how U.S. competitors and adversaries — China, Russia, and Iran — could attempt to exploit climate-related conflict in the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility in future decades.

Research Brief

Planning for an Uncertain Future: What Climate-Related Conflict Could Mean for U.S. Central Command

As climate change increasingly disrupts human and natural systems, this report presents analysis and characterizes how climate hazards could affect the physical and security environment in the U.S. Central Command's area of responsibility.

Report

Development as a Tool of Economic Statecraft: A Net Assessment of U.S. and Chinese Approaches

The authors conduct a net assessment of U.S. and Chinese approaches to development assistance and cooperation, using a data-driven comparison to reveal opportunities for the United States to better compete with China in the developing world.

Report

The Prisoner Dilemma: Policy Options to Address Circumstances of ISIS Prisoners in Northeastern Syria

RAND researchers hosted a subject-matter expert workshop to determine proposed courses of action to reduce security threats from and meet international standards for prisons holding presumed former Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) fighters.

Report

Reconstructing Ukraine: Creating a Freer, More Prosperous, and Secure Future

The authors of this analysis draw on lessons from relevant historical examples of post-war and post–natural disaster reconstruction to provide insights on how to organize, finance, and provide security for Ukraine's reform and reconstruction.

Report

Countering Violent Nonstate Actor Financing: Revenue Sources, Financing Strategies, and Tools of Disruption

Disrupting the financing that violent nonstate actors require is critical for degrading such groups. This report examines the methods used to disrupt this financing and how the Army can contribute to the effort.

Commentary

Countering Chinese Coercion: Multilateral Responses to PRC Economic Pressure Campaigns

China has made increasingly belligerent use of its economic leverage, while affected states have often been left to respond on their own. The authors propose that the United States organize a multilateral response and evaluate ways to do so.

Report

Renewing U.S. Security Policy in the Middle East

Outlining a new approach to the role of the United States in the Middle East, the authors consider a broad range of U.S. security interests and recommend integrated, proactive measures to protect those interests and reduce conflict in the region.

Report

Bridging the Gap: Assessing U.S. Business Community Support for U.S.-China Competition

The authors assess how the U.S. business community viewed Trump administration policies designed to counter China's anticompetitive economic behaviors and how to improve support from the business community in U.S. competition with China.

Report

Disruption Without Change: The Consequences of COVID-19 on the Global Economic Balance

The author reviews the economic track record of the United States, its competitors, and its allies to discern how economic changes induced by the COVID-19 pandemic could affect geopolitical competition and the security environment.

Report

Crossroads of Competition: China, Russia, and the United States in the Middle East

This report details the political, economic, and military interests and activities of China and Russia in the Middle East and identifies where those efforts contest, intersect, or complement U.S. interests and activities.

Report

A Guide to Extreme Competition with China

The U.S.-China competitive dynamic is at a critical crossroads. Policymakers can benefit from a new framework for thinking about this challenge and realistic and actionable recommendations that are sensitive to the limits of U.S. competitiveness.

Report

China-Russia Cooperation: Determining Factors, Future Trajectories, Implications for the United States

Since 2014, China and Russia have strengthened their relationship. In this report, the authors seek to understand the impact of the Chinese-Russian relationship on the United States and implications for future U.S. policy.

Report

A Targeted Industry Approach for Raising Quality Private-Sector Employment in Saudi Arabia

To help the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia develop its private sector and generate quality employment for Saudi citizens, the authors of this report assess the potential for Saudi Arabia to develop a specific industry: food manufacturing.

Report

Recovery in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Progress, Challenges, and Options for the Future

This report provides analysis to help the U.S. Virgin Islands accelerate recovery from the 2017 hurricanes. It describes goals, accomplishments, challenges, and steps needed to improve recovery capacities, infrastructure, the economy, and services.

Report

The Future of Warfare Boxed Set

This series of reports examines the key geopolitical, economic, environmental, geographic, legal, informational, and military trends that will shape the contours of conflict between now and 2030.

Report

Economic Competition in the 21st Century

Taking a wide-ranging look at economic competition and the use of economics as a geopolitical tool, the author explains how countries compete, why this economic competition is relevant to the U.S. armed forces, and what the policy implications are.

Commentary

Preserving Small Businesses: Small-Business Owners Speak About Surviving the COVID-19 Pandemic

With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causing severe economic dislocations, interviews with 21 business owners revealed concerns about a need for assistance in covering fixed operating costs and about worker safety.

Commentary

Weighing U.S. Troop Withdrawal from Iraq: Strategic Risks and Recommendations

Supporting a stable and friendly Iraq is in the long-term interest of the United States, and this requires maintaining a small force of military advisers to help train and develop Iraqi military capabilities so that Iraq can defend itself.

Report

The Future of Warfare in 2030: Project Overview and Conclusions

This report is the overview in a series that seeks to answer questions about the future of warfare, including who might be the United States' adversaries and allies, where conflicts will be fought, and how and why they might occur.

Report

Global Economic Trends and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force

This volume of the Future of Warfare series examines economic trends that could affect U.S. national security, including pressure on the global trading system, the rise of China, searches for new resources, and the decreasing power of U.S. sanctions.

Research Brief

Peering into the Crystal Ball: Holistically Assessing the Future of Warfare

This brief summarizes a series of reports about the geopolitical, economic, environmental, legal, informational, and military trends that are likely shape the contours of conflict through 2030.

Report

Return and Expand? The Finances and Prospects of the Islamic State After the Caliphate

With the end of its territorial caliphate, the Islamic State will almost certainly attempt a comeback. This report examines how it might finance such an effort.

Report

Extending Russia: Competing from Advantageous Ground

As the U.S. National Defense Strategy recognizes the United States is currently locked in a great-power competition with Russia. This report analyzes how the United States can compete to its own advantage and capitalize on Russia's weaknesses.

Research Brief

Overextending and Unbalancing Russia: Assessing the Impact of Cost-Imposing Options

This brief summarizes a report that comprehensively examines non-violent, cost-imposing options that could be pursued to overextend and unbalance the Russian regime.

Report

The Evolving Israel-China Relationship

Since the early 2000s, relations between China and Israel have expanded in terms of trade, investment, and educational partnerships. This report examines Israel-China relations and assesses their implications for Israel and the United States.

Commentary

Russia Is a Rogue, Not a Peer; China Is a Peer, Not a Rogue: Different Challenges, Different Responses

This Perspective assesses the strategic competition among Russia, China, and the United States for global influence.

Report

At the Dawn of Belt and Road: China in the Developing World

China has always felt vulnerable, and, in the 1990s, it began forming agreements with other nations, eventually culminating in the Belt and Road Initiative. The authors analyze China's engagement with the Developing World.

Report

After Brexit: Alternate forms of Brexit and their implications for the United Kingdom, the European Union and the United States

RAND explored eight plausible post-Brexit trade scenarios involving the UK, EU and U.S. after Brexit. Game theory insights were also used to create a better understanding of how a variety of factors might affect the outcome of Brexit negotiations.

Tool

Potential Economic Effects of Brexit: Implications for the United Kingdom, European Union, and United States

This online calculator lets users explore five plausible post-Brexit trade scenarios involving the UK, EU and U.S. after Brexit and develop a custom scenario by modifying underlying economic assumptions.

Commentary

Conflict with China Revisited: Prospects, Consequences, and Strategies for Deterrence

Although armed conflict between the United States and China is not likely, the possibility is real enough to require prudent policies and effective deterrent measures.

Report

Financial Futures of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: Findings from a RAND Corporation Workshop

This report describes the likely evolution of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant finances under three scenarios: a continuation of the current campaign, a negotiated settlement in Syria and political accommodation in Iraq, and military victory.

Report

Counternetwork: Countering the Expansion of Transnational Criminal Networks

This report presents operational characteristics of transnational criminal networks originating in South America, identifies U.S. government policies and programs to counter these networks, and examines the military's role in that context.

Research Brief

Exploring America's Role in a Turbulent World: Strategic Rethink

This brief outlines the Strategic Rethink project and describes research documented in the final volume of the project, focusing on three different strategic orientations to satisfy the greatest number of U.S. interests and objectives.

Report

Strategic Choices for a Turbulent World: In Pursuit of Security and Opportunity

This report is the last of a series in which RAND explores the elements of a national strategy for the conduct of U.S. foreign policy, in this new era of turbulence and uncertainty. Three alternative strategic concepts are presented.

Report

U.S. Consumer Preferences for Telephone and Internet Services: Evidence from the RAND American Life Panel

This report analyzes data on fixed telephone (landline), mobile telephone, fixed Internet, and mobile Internet service preferences. It provides population-level estimates of the services found in U.S. households and the importance of each service.

Report

Estimating the Value of Overseas Security Commitments

In an era of intensifying debate over U.S. funding and resources, RAND researchers explore whether and to what extent the United States derives economic benefits from its overseas security commitments.

Research Brief

Economic Benefits of U.S. Overseas Security Commitments Could Far Outweigh Costs

Amid intensifying debate over U.S. funding and resources, RAND researchers find that the economic benefits of U.S. overseas security commitments could far exceed the costs.

Tool

Estimating the Value of Overseas Security Commitments: An Interactive Visualization

Researchers estimated that U.S. economic losses from major retrenchments of overseas security commitments would be more than triple any gains. This visualization compares different estimated gains and losses from selected retrenchment levels and selected tax, spending, and trade multipliers.

Report

U.S. International Economic Strategy in a Turbulent World

The goal of U.S. international economic policy is to contribute to national economic growth and prosperity. This report presents the strategic choices America faces regarding the international economy over the term of the next U.S. administration.

Research Brief

Charting the U.S. Role in the World Economy

This brief describes a report presenting the strategic choices the United States faces regarding the international economy over the term of the next presidential administration.

Report

Foundations of the Islamic State: Management, Money, and Terror in Iraq, 2005–2010

Drawing from 140 recently declassified documents, this report presents a comprehensive account of the organization, territorial designs, management, personnel policies, and finances of the Islamic State of Iraq and its predecessor, al-Qa'ida in Iraq.

Report

Developing Long-Term Socioeconomic Strategy in Israel: Institutions, Processes, and Supporting Information

Researchers have recommendations for how the Israeli government may apply a strategic perspective toward socioeconomic issues and develop a formal socioeconomic strategy should it wish to do so.

Report

Building the Future: Summary of Four Studies to Develop the Private Sector, Education, Health Care, and Data for Decisionmaking for the Kurdistan Region — Iraq

This report summarizes four studies intended to help the Kurdistan Regional Government expand access to good education and health care, increase private-sector development, and design a data-collection system to support high-priority policies.

Report

The Strategic Perspective and Long-Term Socioeconomic Strategies for Israel: Key Methods with an Application to Aging

This report highlights selected inputs made to a high-level Israeli government team assessing how to bring a strategic perspective to domestic policy deliberations. To illustrate a strategy process, it uses the example of policy for population aging.

Report

The Islamic State We Knew: Insights Before the Resurgence and Their Implications

This report provides information known before 2012 about the Islamic State's finances, organization, methods of creating territorial control, and response to airpower. The group's history can inform components of a successful strategy to defeat it.

Report

Improving the Mongolian Labor Market and Enhancing Opportunities for Youth

Drawing on Mongolian and international data, RAND analyzed the Mongolian labor market and compared it internationally. Based on an original survey, this report also examines challenges young people face in employment and education in Mongolia.

Report

Choices for America in a Turbulent World: Strategic Rethink

Exploring the elements of a national strategy for U.S. foreign policy, the book examines critical global, regional, and other policy issues and decisions likely to confront the next president and senior U.S. officials in 2017 and beyond.

Report

Making an Impact in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Summary of Four Studies to Assess the Present and Future Labor Market, Improve Technical Vocational Education and Training, Reform the Health Sector, and Build Data Collection Capacity

This executive summary describes key results from four studies carried out by the RAND Corporation for the Kurdistan Regional Government. These studies aim to improve the economic and social development of the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq.

Report

An Assessment of the Present and Future Labor Market in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Implications for Policies to Increase Private-Sector Employment (Kurdish-language version)

The study addresses the issue of improving the private-sector labor market in the Kurdistan Region--Iraq. Doing so will involve creating mechanisms by which job-seekers can develop the right skills and employers can find the employees they need.

Report

An Assessment of the Present and Future Labor Market in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Implications for Policies to Increase Private-Sector Employment (Arabic-language version)

The study addresses the issue of improving the private-sector labor market in the Kurdistan Region--Iraq. Doing so will involve creating mechanisms by which job-seekers can develop the right skills and employers can find the employees they need.

Report

An Assessment of the Present and Future Labor Market in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Implications for Policies to Increase Private-Sector Employment

The study addresses the issue of improving the private-sector labor market in the Kurdistan Region–Iraq. Doing so will involve creating mechanisms by which job-seekers can develop the right skills and employers can find the employees they need.

Report

Designing a System for Collecting Policy-Relevant Data for the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Arabic-language version

Surveys the availability of reliable policy-relevant data in the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq, identifies the high-priority areas for which more data are required, and develops guidance for a system to collect and disseminate these data on an ongoing basis.

Report

Strategies for Private-Sector Development and Civil-Service Reform in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Arabic-language version

This monograph provides strategies to reemploy civil-service workers in the private sector and to increase private-sector employment in the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq.

Report

Designing a System for Collecting Policy-Relevant Data for the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Kurdish-language version

Surveys the availability of reliable policy-relevant data in the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq, identifies the high-priority areas for which more data are required, and develops guidance for a system to collect and disseminate these data on an ongoing basis.

Report

Strategies for Private-Sector Development and Civil-Service Reform in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Kurdish-language version

This monograph provides strategies to reemploy civil-service workers in the private sector and to increase private-sector employment in the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq.

Report

Designing a System for Collecting Policy-Relevant Data for the Kurdistan Region — Iraq

Surveys the availability of reliable policy-relevant data in the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq, identifies the high-priority areas for which more data are required, and develops guidance for a system to collect and disseminate these data on an ongoing basis.

Report

Strategies for Private-Sector Development and Civil-Service Reform in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq

Strategies for Private-Sector Development and Civil-Service Reform in the Kurdistan Region -- Iraq

Report

An Outline of Strategies for Building an Innovation System for Knowledge City: Chinese Translation (traditional characters)

Knowledge City is a planned environmentally and technologically advanced city in China's Guangzhou Development District. This report (translated into traditional Chinese characters) outlines a strategy to help the city attract and retain high-tech firms and their workers.

Report

Building the Future: Summary of Four Studies to Develop the Private Sector, Education, Health Care, and Data for Decisionmaking for the Kurdistan Region — Iraq (with Kurdish-language version)

This report summarizes four studies intended to help the Kurdistan Regional Government expand access to good education and health care, increase private-sector development, and design a data-collection system to support high-priority policies.

Report

Building the Future: Summary of Four Studies to Develop the Private Sector, Education, Health Care, and Data for Decisionmaking for the Kurdistan Region — Iraq (with Arabic-language version)

This report summarizes four studies intended to help the Kurdistan Regional Government expand access to good education and health care, increase private-sector development, and design a data-collection system to support high-priority policies.

Journal Article

Insurgent Compensation: Evidence from Iraq

Participating in insurgency is physically risky. Why do people do so?

Research Brief

How Can Economic and Political Ties Between U.S. and Mexico be Strengthened? (Spanish translation)

This study identifies areas that are negatively affecting U.S.-Mexico relations and suggests that the two countries might take a binational approach to improving their long-term partnership.

Research Brief

How Can Economic and Political Ties Between the United States and Mexico Be Strengthened?

This study identifies areas that are negatively affecting U.S.-Mexico relations and suggests that the two countries might take a binational approach to improving their long-term partnership.

Report

Creating an Innovation System for Knowledge City: Chinese Translation

Knowledge City is a planned environmentally and technologically advanced city in China's Guangzhou Development District. This report analyzes innovation systems and outlines the steps GDD will need to take to make Knowledge City a success.

Report

Creating an Innovation System for Knowledge City

Knowledge City is a planned environmentally and technologically advanced city in China's Guangzhou Development District. This report analyzes innovation systems and outlines the steps GDD will need to take to make Knowledge City a success.

Report

An Outline of Strategies for Building an Innovation System for Knowledge City: Chinese Translation (simplified characters)

Knowledge City is a planned environmentally and technologically advanced city in China's Guangzhou Development District. This report (translated into simplified Chinese characters) outlines a strategy to help the city attract and retain high-tech firms and their workers.

Report

An Outline of Strategies for Building an Innovation System for Knowledge City

Knowledge City is a planned environmentally and technologically advanced city in China's Guangzhou Development District. This report outlines a set of strategies to help the city attract and retain high-tech firms and their workers.

Report

United States and Mexico: Ties That Bind, Issues That Divide

This binational reference for U.S. and Mexican policymakers presents the interrelated issues of Mexican immigration to the United States and Mexico's economic and social development.

Report

Global Demographic Change and Its Implications for Military Power

Analyzes the impact of demographics on the prospective production of military power and the causes of war by projecting working-age populations through 2050 and assessing effects on manpower, national income and expenditures, and human capital.

Report

Highway Infrastructure and the Economy: Implications for Federal Policy

To inform debate on a new transportation bill being considered, the authors review the literature on the economic outcomes of highway infrastructure spending, which constitutes the largest share of federal spending on transportation infrastructure.

Report

An Economic Analysis of the Financial Records of al-Qa'ida in Iraq

To analyze the financial operations and economics of al-Qa'ida in Iraq in Anbar province, the authors examine captured documents that detail the group's finances, payrolls, and organization.

Report

Withdrawing from Iraq: Alternative Schedules, Associated Risks, and Mitigating Strategies

In studying the withdrawal from Iraq, RAND assessed logistical constraints, trends in insurgent activity, and the implications of the readiness of Iraqi security forces on the size of the residual U.S. force and on security in Iraq and the region.

Report

Balancing Environment and Development: Costs, Revenues, and Benefits of the Western Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan

A large habitat-conservation reserve is being created in western Riverside County to mitigate development effects on threatened and endangered species. This monograph examines the plan's costs, revenues, and effects on the permitting process.

Brochure

Globalization and Beyond: Keynote Address

RAND Corporation economist Howard Shatz delivered a keynote address at the 81st Annual Los Angeles World Trade Week conference in May 2007; this is a transcript of his address.

Journal Article

The Container Security Initiative and Ocean Container Threats

This paper analyzes one program, the Container Security Initiative, which inspects high-risk U.S.-bound containers at foreign ports.