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Since 2001-2002, standards-based accountability (SBA) provisions of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) have shaped the work of public school teachers and administrators in the United States. NCLB requires each state to develop content and achievement standards in several subjects, administer tests to measure students’ progress toward these standards, develop targets for performance on these tests, and impose a series of interventions on schools and districts that do not meet the targets. Many states had such systems in place before NCLB took effect, but, since 2001-2002, every state in the United States has had to develop and implement an SBA system that met the requirements of the law, and its provisions have affected every public school and district in the nation. This book sheds light on how accountability policies have influenced attitudes and been translated into actions at the district, school, and classroom levels in three states, with a focus on mathematics and science. SBA is leading to an increased emphasis on student achievement, and many educators laud this focus, but a single-minded emphasis on student proficiency on tests has some potentially negative consequences such as narrowing curriculum and declining staff morale.

Table of Contents

  • Chapter One

    Introduction

  • Chapter Two

    Study Design and Methods

  • Chapter Three

    SBA Systems in California, Georgia, and Pennsylvania

  • Chapter Four

    Educators’ Opinions About Standards, Assessments, and Accountability

  • Chapter Five

    School and District Improvement Strategies

  • Chapter Six

    Instructional Practices Related to Standards and Assessments

  • Chapter Seven

    Perceived Barriers to School Improvement

  • Chapter Eight

    Conclusions and Implications

  • Appendix A

    Sampling and Survey Responses

  • Appendix B

    Supplementary Tables

  • Appendix C

    Superintendent, Principal, and Teacher Surveys

The research described in this report was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and was conducted by RAND Education, a unit of the RAND Corporation.

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