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The purpose of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) is to prevent or at least inhibit the spread of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery systems, and related materials to or from states or non-state actors whose possession of such items would be a serious threat to global or regional security. So far, 91 countries have officially affiliated with PSI and participate in its activities. However, five key nations, whose addition would enhance PSI's effectiveness, have so far been reluctant to do so. The authors look at the situation from the perspectives of these five “hold-out” nations — Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, and China — to assess the disadvantages (costs) and advantages (benefits) that, when weighed against each other, have induced them to refrain from PSI affiliation. They then set out ways in which each country's costs-and-benefits balance might be altered to enhance the prospects of its deciding to affiliate with PSI in the near future. They also describe ideas that might be developed and steps that might be taken to enhance PSI's inclusiveness and effectiveness in the future.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
Chapter Two
Analysis of Costs and Benefits of PSI Affiliation for the Five Countries
Chapter Three
Cutting the Gordian Knot: Principles and Measures to Encourage PSI Affiliation
Chapter Four
Preliminary Ideas for Further Consideration
Appendix A
The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)
Appendix B
Interdiction Principles of the Proliferation Security Initiative
Appendix C
Status of Countries on Treaties, Agreements, and Programs of Potential Relevance to PSI
Appendix D
Summary of Pakistan's Report on National Measures on the Implementation of Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004)
Research conducted by
The research described in this report was prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The research was conducted in the RAND National Defense Research Institute, a federally funded research and development center sponsored by the OSD, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence Community.
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