Building Strong Threat Management, Intervention, and Support Systems for K–12 School Safety

Improving Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management Implementation in K–12 Schools—Part 4

Jennifer T. Leschitz, Pauline Moore, Brian A. Jackson, Melissa Kay Diliberti, Ivy Todd, Sophia Bokaie

Published Dec 29, 2025

This working paper examines how K–12 schools can enhance behavioral threat assessment and management implementation by strengthening threat management. It outlines practices for mapping intervention options, matching supports to student needs, using structured data systems, and monitoring progress to ensure implementation fidelity. The findings aim to inform policy and guide schools in improving student safety and violence prevention.

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Leschitz, Jennifer T., Pauline Moore, Brian A. Jackson, Melissa Kay Diliberti, Ivy Todd, and Sophia Bokaie, Building Strong Threat Management, Intervention, and Support Systems for K–12 School Safety: Improving Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management Implementation in K–12 Schools—Part 4. Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center operated by the RAND Corporation, 2025. https://www.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WRA3658-4.html.
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This research was sponsored by the United States Secret Service/National Threat Assessment Center and conducted in the Infrastructure, Immigration, & Security Operations Program of the RAND Homeland Security Research Division.

This publication is part of the RAND working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND but may not have been formally edited or peer reviewed.

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