Peter Reuter — Publications

Historical and Contextual Variation in Daily Opioid Consumption Rates: Implications for Supply Control, Service Delivery, and Research

2025
How Much Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl Could the U.S. Be Consuming?

2022
Heroin Use Cannot Be Measured Adequately with a General Population Survey

2021
The Dawn of a New Synthetic Opioid Era: The Need for Innovative Interventions

2020
The Future of Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

2019
The Synthetic Opioid Surge in the United States: Insights from Mortality and Seizure Data

2019
Understanding America's Surge in Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

2019
Considering Heroin-Assisted Treatment and Supervised Drug Consumption Sites in the United States

2018
Exploring the Perils of Cross-national Comparisons of Drug Prevalence: The Effect of Survey Modality

2017
Beyond Prevalence: Importance of Estimating Drug Consumption and Expenditures

2015
Cocaine's Fall and Marijuana's Rise: Questions and Insights Based on New Estimates of Consumption and Expenditures in U. S. Drug Markets

2015
Considering Marijuana Legalization: Insights for Vermont and Other Jurisdictions

2015
The Marijuana Legalization Debate: Insights for Vermont

2015
Options and Issues Regarding Marijuana Legalization

2015
What Can Be Learned from Cross-National Comparisons of Data on Illegal Drugs?

2015
How Big Is the U.S. Market for Illegal Drugs?

2014
What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs: 2000–2010

2014
Can Tobacco Control Endgame Analysis Learn Anything from the U.S. Experience with Illegal Drugs?

2013
Managing Potential Conflict in Illegal Markets: An Exploratory Study of Cocaine Smuggling in the Netherlands

2013
Change Is Possible: The History of the International Drug Control Regime and Implications for Future Policymaking

2012
Design Considerations for Legalizing Cannabis: Lessons Inspired by Analysis of California's Proposition 19

2012
A Search-Theoretic Model of the Retail Market for Illicit Drugs

2012
The U.S. Drug Policy Landscape: Insights and Opportunities for Improving the View

2012
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity: RAND's Drug Policy Research Center

2011
Basing Drug Scheduling Decisions on Scientific Ranking of Harmfulness: False Promise from False Premises

2011
Bringing Perspective to Illicit Markets: Estimating the Size of the U.S. Marijuana Market

2011
Budgeting for Immigration Enforcement: A Path to Better Performance

2011
Altered State? Assessing How Marijuana Legalization in California Could Influence Marijuana Consumption and Public Budgets

2010
How Might Marijuana Legalization in California Affect Drug Trafficking Revenues and Violence in Mexico?

2010
How Might Marijuana Legalization in California Affect Public Budgets and Marijuana Consumption?

2010
Is Medicinal Opium Production Afghanistan's Answer? A Reply to Comments

2010
Marijuana Legalization: What Can Be Learned from Other Countries?

2010
Reducing Drug Trafficking Revenues and Violence in Mexico: Would Legalizing Marijuana in California Help?

2010
Assessing Changes in Global Drug Problems, 1998-2007: Main Report

2009
Assessing the Operation of the Global Drug Market: Report 1

2009
Do Citizens Know Whether Their State Has Decriminalized Marijuana? Assessing the Perceptual Component of Deterrence Theory

2009
The Global Diversion of Pharmaceutical Drugs, India: The Third Largest Illicit Opium Producer?

2009
Is Medicinal Opium Production Afghanistan's Answer? Lessons from India and the World Market

2009
Issues in estimating the economic cost of drug abuse in consuming nations: Report 3

2009
Prime Numbers Doped: How Two Plants Wreak Havoc on the Countries That Produce and Consume Them--And Everyone in Between

2009
The unintended consequences of drug policies: Report 5

2009
Tajikistan: The Rise of a Narco-State

2007
How Much Can Treatment Reduce National Drug Problems?

2006
Welfare Receipt and Substance-Abuse Treatment Among Low-Income Mothers: The Impact of Welfare Reform

2006
What Drug Policies Cost: Estimating Government Drug Policy Expenditures

2006
Assessing U.S. Drug Problems and Policy: A Synthesis of the Evidence to Date

2005
An Assessment of ONDCP's Budget Concept

2005
How Goes the “War on Drugs”? An Assessment of U.S. Drug Problems and Policy

2005
After the Borders are Sealed: Can Domestic Sources Substitute for Imported Drugs

2004
Are the Wages of Sin $30 an Hour? Economic Aspects of Street Level Drug Dealing

2004
HAWKS Ascendant: The Punitive Trend of American Drug Policy

2004
The Limits and Consequences of U.S. Foreign Drug Control Efforts

2004
Prevalence Estimation and Policy Formulation

2004
Street Drug Markets in Inner-City Neighborhoods: Matching Policy to Reality

2004
Drug Use and Drug Policy Futures: Insights from a Colloquium

2003
Research on Drugs-Crime Linkages: The Next Generation

2003
Measuring Global Drug Markets: How Good Are the Numbers and Why Should We Care About Them?

2002
Drug War Heresies: Learning From Other Vices, Times, & Places

2001
The Limits of Supply-Side Drug Control

2001
Options for Restructuring the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act: Report with Background Papers and Focus Group Summary

2001
Options for Restructuring the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act

2001
Drug Use Measures: What are They Really Telling Us?

2000
Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Other Federal Enforcement Programs

1999
What We Do and Don’t Know About the Likely Effects of Decriminalization and Legalization: A Brief Summary

1999
Drug Control

1998
Drug Policies and Harms: A Conceptual Framework

1998
Foreign demand for Latin American drugs : the USA and Europe

1998
Improving Block Grant Allocation Formulas: More Refined Measures Would Shift Substance Abuse Funds to Smaller, More Rural States

1998
Harm Reduction and Social Policy: Should Addicts Be Paid?

1997
Interpreting Dutch Cannabis Policy: Reasoning by Analogy in the Legalization Debate

1997
The Meaning and Utility of Drug Prices

1997
The mismeasurement of illegal drug markets : the implications of its irrelevance

1997
Review and Evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Block Grant Allotment Formula

1997
Setting Goals for Drug Policy: Harm Reduction or Use Reduction?

1997
Why can't we make prohibition work better? : some consequences of ignoring the unattractive

1997
Assessing Alternative Drug Control Regimes

1996
Lessons From the Absence of Harm Reduction in American Drug Policy

1996
On the Ubiquity of Drug Selling Among Youthful Offenders in Washington, D.C., 1985-1991: Age, Period, or Cohort Effect?

1996
Prevention, The (Lauded) Orphan of Drug Policy

1995
Redefining the Goals of National Drug Policy: Recommendations from a Working Group

1995
Research on American organized crime

1995
Setting priorities : budget and program choices for drug control

1995
The cartage industry in New York

1994
Patterns of drug use

1994
A Simple Economic Model of Cocaine Production

1994
Comparing Western European and North American Drug Policies: An International Conference Report

1993
Drug Policies and Problems: The Promise and Pitfalls of Cross-National Comparison

1993
Drug Policy: Recent Lessons

1993
ONDCP’s First Four Years as a Policy Agency

1993
A Simple Economic Model of Cocaine Production

1993
Simulation of Adaptive Response: A Model of Drug Interdiction

1993
Cocaine: The First Decade

1992
Quest for Integrity: The Mexican-U.S. Drug Issue in the 1980s

1992
Improving Data for Federal Drug Policy Decisions

1991
On the Consequences of Toughness

1991
The Limits of the Czar's Ukase: Drug Policy at the Local Level

1990
Money from Crime: A Study of the Economics of Drug Dealing in Washington, D.C.

1990
Corporate Liability: How Big Is the Real Price Tag?

1989
Information Needs for Drug Abuse Policy in the Washington Metropolitan Area

1989
The Organization of High-Level Drug Markets: An Exploratory Study

1989
Quantity Illusions and Paradoxes of Drug Interdiction: Federal Intervention into Vice Policy

1989
Can the Borders Be Sealed?

1988
Drug Use and Drug Programs in the Washington Metropolitan Area

1988
The Economic Consequences of Expanded Corporate Liability: An Exploratory Study

1988
The Interdictor's Lot: A Dynamic Model of the Market for Drug Smuggling Services

1988
Measuring and Deterring Illegal Disposal of Hazardous Waste: A Preliminary Assessment

1988
Sealing the Borders: The Effects of Increased Military Participation in Drug Interdiction

1988
Simulation of Adaptive Response: A Model of Drug Interdiction

1988
Racketeering in Legitimate Industries: A Study in The Economics of Intimidation

1987
Honor Among Nations: Enforcing the ''Gentlemen's Agreement'' on Export Credits

1986
Designing Safer Products: Corporate Responses to Product Liability Law and Regulation

1985
Estimating the Shadow Economy: A Comment

1985
Eternal hope: America's international narcotics efforts

1985
Strategies for Controlling Adolescent Drug Use

1984
Cleveland Metal Stamping: Case Study of an Industry in Transition

1983
Designing Safer Products: Corporate Responses to Product Liability Law and Regulation

1983
Licensing Criminals : Police and Informants

1982
The value of a bad reputation: cartels, criminals, and barriers to entry

1982

U.S. research divisions

International research divisions

Peter Reuter — Publications

Historical and Contextual Variation in Daily Opioid Consumption Rates: Implications for Supply Control, Service Delivery, and Research

How Much Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl Could the U.S. Be Consuming?

Heroin Use Cannot Be Measured Adequately with a General Population Survey

The Dawn of a New Synthetic Opioid Era: The Need for Innovative Interventions

The Future of Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

The Synthetic Opioid Surge in the United States: Insights from Mortality and Seizure Data

Understanding America's Surge in Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids

Considering Heroin-Assisted Treatment and Supervised Drug Consumption Sites in the United States

Exploring the Perils of Cross-national Comparisons of Drug Prevalence: The Effect of Survey Modality

Beyond Prevalence: Importance of Estimating Drug Consumption and Expenditures

Cocaine's Fall and Marijuana's Rise: Questions and Insights Based on New Estimates of Consumption and Expenditures in U. S. Drug Markets

Considering Marijuana Legalization: Insights for Vermont and Other Jurisdictions

The Marijuana Legalization Debate: Insights for Vermont

Options and Issues Regarding Marijuana Legalization

What Can Be Learned from Cross-National Comparisons of Data on Illegal Drugs?

How Big Is the U.S. Market for Illegal Drugs?

What America's Users Spend on Illegal Drugs: 2000–2010

Can Tobacco Control Endgame Analysis Learn Anything from the U.S. Experience with Illegal Drugs?

Managing Potential Conflict in Illegal Markets: An Exploratory Study of Cocaine Smuggling in the Netherlands

Change Is Possible: The History of the International Drug Control Regime and Implications for Future Policymaking

Design Considerations for Legalizing Cannabis: Lessons Inspired by Analysis of California's Proposition 19

A Search-Theoretic Model of the Retail Market for Illicit Drugs

The U.S. Drug Policy Landscape: Insights and Opportunities for Improving the View

Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity: RAND's Drug Policy Research Center

Basing Drug Scheduling Decisions on Scientific Ranking of Harmfulness: False Promise from False Premises

Bringing Perspective to Illicit Markets: Estimating the Size of the U.S. Marijuana Market

Budgeting for Immigration Enforcement: A Path to Better Performance

Altered State? Assessing How Marijuana Legalization in California Could Influence Marijuana Consumption and Public Budgets

How Might Marijuana Legalization in California Affect Drug Trafficking Revenues and Violence in Mexico?

How Might Marijuana Legalization in California Affect Public Budgets and Marijuana Consumption?

Is Medicinal Opium Production Afghanistan's Answer? A Reply to Comments

Marijuana Legalization: What Can Be Learned from Other Countries?

Reducing Drug Trafficking Revenues and Violence in Mexico: Would Legalizing Marijuana in California Help?

Assessing Changes in Global Drug Problems, 1998-2007: Main Report

Assessing the Operation of the Global Drug Market: Report 1

Do Citizens Know Whether Their State Has Decriminalized Marijuana? Assessing the Perceptual Component of Deterrence Theory

The Global Diversion of Pharmaceutical Drugs, India: The Third Largest Illicit Opium Producer?

Is Medicinal Opium Production Afghanistan's Answer? Lessons from India and the World Market

Issues in estimating the economic cost of drug abuse in consuming nations: Report 3

Prime Numbers Doped: How Two Plants Wreak Havoc on the Countries That Produce and Consume Them--And Everyone in Between

The unintended consequences of drug policies: Report 5

Tajikistan: The Rise of a Narco-State

How Much Can Treatment Reduce National Drug Problems?

Welfare Receipt and Substance-Abuse Treatment Among Low-Income Mothers: The Impact of Welfare Reform

What Drug Policies Cost: Estimating Government Drug Policy Expenditures

Assessing U.S. Drug Problems and Policy: A Synthesis of the Evidence to Date

An Assessment of ONDCP's Budget Concept

How Goes the “War on Drugs”? An Assessment of U.S. Drug Problems and Policy

After the Borders are Sealed: Can Domestic Sources Substitute for Imported Drugs

Are the Wages of Sin $30 an Hour? Economic Aspects of Street Level Drug Dealing

HAWKS Ascendant: The Punitive Trend of American Drug Policy

The Limits and Consequences of U.S. Foreign Drug Control Efforts

Prevalence Estimation and Policy Formulation

Street Drug Markets in Inner-City Neighborhoods: Matching Policy to Reality

Drug Use and Drug Policy Futures: Insights from a Colloquium

Research on Drugs-Crime Linkages: The Next Generation

Measuring Global Drug Markets: How Good Are the Numbers and Why Should We Care About Them?

Drug War Heresies: Learning From Other Vices, Times, & Places

The Limits of Supply-Side Drug Control

Options for Restructuring the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act: Report with Background Papers and Focus Group Summary

Options for Restructuring the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act

Drug Use Measures: What are They Really Telling Us?

Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Other Federal Enforcement Programs

What We Do and Don’t Know About the Likely Effects of Decriminalization and Legalization: A Brief Summary

Drug Control

Drug Policies and Harms: A Conceptual Framework

Foreign demand for Latin American drugs : the USA and Europe

Improving Block Grant Allocation Formulas: More Refined Measures Would Shift Substance Abuse Funds to Smaller, More Rural States

Harm Reduction and Social Policy: Should Addicts Be Paid?

Interpreting Dutch Cannabis Policy: Reasoning by Analogy in the Legalization Debate

The Meaning and Utility of Drug Prices

The mismeasurement of illegal drug markets : the implications of its irrelevance

Review and Evaluation of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Block Grant Allotment Formula

Setting Goals for Drug Policy: Harm Reduction or Use Reduction?

Why can't we make prohibition work better? : some consequences of ignoring the unattractive

Assessing Alternative Drug Control Regimes

Lessons From the Absence of Harm Reduction in American Drug Policy